从实然性角度视之,我国《海商法》第207条中的"船舶营运"应是立法者在立法移植《1976年海事赔偿责任限制公约》时对"Operation of a Ship"的误译,该英文词组的正确含义应是"船舶操作"。试航中的新造船应...从实然性角度视之,我国《海商法》第207条中的"船舶营运"应是立法者在立法移植《1976年海事赔偿责任限制公约》时对"Operation of a Ship"的误译,该英文词组的正确含义应是"船舶操作"。试航中的新造船应属于《海商法》第十一章所调整的船舶。造船人可被认定为船舶所有人而援引海事赔偿责任限制权利。从应然性角度视之,为促进我国国内立法与国际立法的协调统一,同时促进我国造船业和保险业的健康发展,我国相关法律规定及司法实践应承认试航新造船的海事赔偿责任限制权利。展开更多
Following the successful maiden flight of the Long March 11(LM-11) launch vehicle from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in September 2015, the first sea-launched carrier rocket dedicated to provide a launch service...Following the successful maiden flight of the Long March 11(LM-11) launch vehicle from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in September 2015, the first sea-launched carrier rocket dedicated to provide a launch service for small satellites and their constellations, the Long March 11 Sea Launch(LM-11 SL) has been under development by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology(CALT) and the China Great Wall Industry Corporation(CGWIC). It is planned to commence launch service in 2018. Based on the LM-11, a land-launched four-staged solid launch vehicle which has entered the market and accomplished launch missions for several small satellites in the past 3 years, the newly adopted sea launch technology enables transport and launch of LM-11 SL from maritime ships, providing flexible launch location selection.After inheriting the mature launch vehicle technologies from previous members of the Long March launch vehicle family and adopting a new way of launching from the sea, the LM-11 SL is capable of sending payloads into low Earth orbits with all altitudes and inclinations, from 200 km to 1000 km, from equatorial to sun synchronous, within a shortduration launch campaign. The LM-11 SL provides a flexible, reliable and economical launch service for the global small satellite industry.展开更多
Research on Arctic passages has mainly focused on navigation policies,sea ice extraction models,and navigation of Arctic sea routes.It is difficult to quantitatively address the specific problems encountered by ships ...Research on Arctic passages has mainly focused on navigation policies,sea ice extraction models,and navigation of Arctic sea routes.It is difficult to quantitatively address the specific problems encountered by ships sailing in the Arctic in real time through traditional manual approaches.Additionally,existing sea ice information service systems focus on data sharing and lack online calculation and analysis capabil-ities,making it difficult for decision-makers to derive valuable informa-tion from massive amounts of data.To improve navigation analysis through intelligent information service,we built an advanced Ship Navigation Information Service System(SNISS)using a 3D geographic information system(GIS)based on big Earth data.The SNISS includes two main features:(1)heuristic algorithms were developed to identify the optimal navigation route of the Arctic Northeast Passage(NEP)from a macroscale perspective for the past 10 years to the next 100 years,and(2)for key sea straits along the NEP,online local seaice images can be retrieved to provide a fully automatic sea ice data processing workflow,solving the problems of poor flexibility and low availability of real sea ice remote sensing data extraction.This work can potentially enhance the safety of shipping navigation along the NEP.展开更多
Subseasonal Arctic sea ice prediction is highly needed for practical services including icebreakers and commercial ships,while limited by the capability of climate models.A bias correction methodology in this study wa...Subseasonal Arctic sea ice prediction is highly needed for practical services including icebreakers and commercial ships,while limited by the capability of climate models.A bias correction methodology in this study was proposed and performed on raw products from two climate models,the First Institute Oceanography Earth System Model(FIOESM)and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)Climate Forecast System(CFS),to improve 60 days predictions for Arctic sea ice.Both models were initialized on July 1,August 1,and September 1 in 2018.A 60-day forecast was conducted as a part of the official sea ice service,especially for the ninth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE)and the China Ocean Shipping(Group)Company(COSCO)Northeast Passage voyages during the summer of 2018.The results indicated that raw products from FIOESM underestimated sea ice concentration(SIC)overall,with a mean bias of SIC up to 30%.Bias correction resulted in a 27%improvement in the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of SIC and a 10%improvement in the Integrated Ice Edge Error(IIEE)of sea ice edge(SIE).For the CFS,the SIE overestimation in the marginal ice zone was the dominant features of raw products.Bias correction provided a 7%reduction in the RMSE of SIC and a 17%reduction in the IIEE of SIE.In terms of sea ice extent,FIOESM projected a reasonable minimum time and amount in mid-September;however,CFS failed to project both.Additional comparison with subseasonal to seasonal(S2S)models suggested that the bias correction methodology used in this study was more effective when predictions had larger biases.展开更多
针对海云协同媒体服务系统中节点的内容副本放置问题,基于相邻节点协作分发机制,以优化节点之间的传输代价为目标,提出一种基于时间匹配度的副本放置算法(Replica Placement based on Time Matching algorithm,RPTM),通过在启发式贪婪...针对海云协同媒体服务系统中节点的内容副本放置问题,基于相邻节点协作分发机制,以优化节点之间的传输代价为目标,提出一种基于时间匹配度的副本放置算法(Replica Placement based on Time Matching algorithm,RPTM),通过在启发式贪婪算法引入表征节点动态特性的时间匹配度因子,降低节点动态特性带来的影响。仿真结果表明,与现有算法相比,邻域分组海端节点间传输代价降低10%~31%。展开更多
文摘从实然性角度视之,我国《海商法》第207条中的"船舶营运"应是立法者在立法移植《1976年海事赔偿责任限制公约》时对"Operation of a Ship"的误译,该英文词组的正确含义应是"船舶操作"。试航中的新造船应属于《海商法》第十一章所调整的船舶。造船人可被认定为船舶所有人而援引海事赔偿责任限制权利。从应然性角度视之,为促进我国国内立法与国际立法的协调统一,同时促进我国造船业和保险业的健康发展,我国相关法律规定及司法实践应承认试航新造船的海事赔偿责任限制权利。
文摘Following the successful maiden flight of the Long March 11(LM-11) launch vehicle from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in September 2015, the first sea-launched carrier rocket dedicated to provide a launch service for small satellites and their constellations, the Long March 11 Sea Launch(LM-11 SL) has been under development by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology(CALT) and the China Great Wall Industry Corporation(CGWIC). It is planned to commence launch service in 2018. Based on the LM-11, a land-launched four-staged solid launch vehicle which has entered the market and accomplished launch missions for several small satellites in the past 3 years, the newly adopted sea launch technology enables transport and launch of LM-11 SL from maritime ships, providing flexible launch location selection.After inheriting the mature launch vehicle technologies from previous members of the Long March launch vehicle family and adopting a new way of launching from the sea, the LM-11 SL is capable of sending payloads into low Earth orbits with all altitudes and inclinations, from 200 km to 1000 km, from equatorial to sun synchronous, within a shortduration launch campaign. The LM-11 SL provides a flexible, reliable and economical launch service for the global small satellite industry.
文摘Research on Arctic passages has mainly focused on navigation policies,sea ice extraction models,and navigation of Arctic sea routes.It is difficult to quantitatively address the specific problems encountered by ships sailing in the Arctic in real time through traditional manual approaches.Additionally,existing sea ice information service systems focus on data sharing and lack online calculation and analysis capabil-ities,making it difficult for decision-makers to derive valuable informa-tion from massive amounts of data.To improve navigation analysis through intelligent information service,we built an advanced Ship Navigation Information Service System(SNISS)using a 3D geographic information system(GIS)based on big Earth data.The SNISS includes two main features:(1)heuristic algorithms were developed to identify the optimal navigation route of the Arctic Northeast Passage(NEP)from a macroscale perspective for the past 10 years to the next 100 years,and(2)for key sea straits along the NEP,online local seaice images can be retrieved to provide a fully automatic sea ice data processing workflow,solving the problems of poor flexibility and low availability of real sea ice remote sensing data extraction.This work can potentially enhance the safety of shipping navigation along the NEP.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2018YFC1407206the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41821004 and U1606405the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institute of China(Shu Xingbei Young Talent Program)under contract No.2019S06.
文摘Subseasonal Arctic sea ice prediction is highly needed for practical services including icebreakers and commercial ships,while limited by the capability of climate models.A bias correction methodology in this study was proposed and performed on raw products from two climate models,the First Institute Oceanography Earth System Model(FIOESM)and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)Climate Forecast System(CFS),to improve 60 days predictions for Arctic sea ice.Both models were initialized on July 1,August 1,and September 1 in 2018.A 60-day forecast was conducted as a part of the official sea ice service,especially for the ninth Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE)and the China Ocean Shipping(Group)Company(COSCO)Northeast Passage voyages during the summer of 2018.The results indicated that raw products from FIOESM underestimated sea ice concentration(SIC)overall,with a mean bias of SIC up to 30%.Bias correction resulted in a 27%improvement in the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of SIC and a 10%improvement in the Integrated Ice Edge Error(IIEE)of sea ice edge(SIE).For the CFS,the SIE overestimation in the marginal ice zone was the dominant features of raw products.Bias correction provided a 7%reduction in the RMSE of SIC and a 17%reduction in the IIEE of SIE.In terms of sea ice extent,FIOESM projected a reasonable minimum time and amount in mid-September;however,CFS failed to project both.Additional comparison with subseasonal to seasonal(S2S)models suggested that the bias correction methodology used in this study was more effective when predictions had larger biases.
文摘针对海云协同媒体服务系统中节点的内容副本放置问题,基于相邻节点协作分发机制,以优化节点之间的传输代价为目标,提出一种基于时间匹配度的副本放置算法(Replica Placement based on Time Matching algorithm,RPTM),通过在启发式贪婪算法引入表征节点动态特性的时间匹配度因子,降低节点动态特性带来的影响。仿真结果表明,与现有算法相比,邻域分组海端节点间传输代价降低10%~31%。
