通过盆栽试验,研究了新葵4号、新葵6号、新葵10号和美国矮大头4个油葵品种对盐碱地土壤理化、酶活性和微生物群落功能多样性的影响,以期筛选出更适宜改善盐碱地土壤质量的油葵品种。结果表明,种植新葵6号对降低盐碱地根际土壤pH值、提...通过盆栽试验,研究了新葵4号、新葵6号、新葵10号和美国矮大头4个油葵品种对盐碱地土壤理化、酶活性和微生物群落功能多样性的影响,以期筛选出更适宜改善盐碱地土壤质量的油葵品种。结果表明,种植新葵6号对降低盐碱地根际土壤pH值、提高土壤全氮含量和蔗糖酶活性的效果最为显著,新葵4号对提高根际土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量以及脲酶和磷酸酶活性的效果最为显著;种植这4个品种的油葵均能显著(72 h,P<0.05)提高盐碱地根际土壤微生物对31种碳源的平均利用率(Average well color development,AWCD),并呈现如下规律:新葵4号>新葵6号>美国矮大头>新葵10号>CK。种植这4个油葵品种均不同程度地提高了盐碱地根际土壤微生物群落的Shannon多样性指数(H)、Shannon优势度指数(D)和碳源利用丰富度指数(S),并呈现出相似的规律:新葵4号根际土的微生物多样性指数最大,而CK的最小,且显著高于CK。主成分分析表明,种植油葵改善了盐碱地根际土壤微生物的群落组成;碳水化合物、氨基酸、羧酸类化合物和聚合物是盐碱地土壤微生物利用的主要碳源。因此,在盐碱地中种植油葵可提高相关土壤理化性质和酶的活性,改善微生物功能多样性,优化盐碱地微生物的群落结构,尤其是种植新葵4号对盐碱地的改良效果最为显著。展开更多
As the important reserve land resources for food production,saline-alkali land should play a significant role to ensure the national food security in the context of global food crisis. The western Songnen Plain is one...As the important reserve land resources for food production,saline-alkali land should play a significant role to ensure the national food security in the context of global food crisis. The western Songnen Plain is one of main distribution regions of saline-alkali land in China,with great potential in agricultural development. In this study,the extent,transformation,spatial distribution and temporal change of saline-alkali land in the western Songnen Plain during 1954–2005 were investigated by using remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis methods. Saline-alkali land change was detected from a temporal series of topographic maps in 1954,satellite images of Landsat MSS in 1976,Landsat TM/ETM in 1988,2000 and 2005 through artificial visual interpretation. The results indicated a significant expansion in saline-alkali land area and aggravation in salinization. The area of saline-alkali land had increased from 401.48×103 ha in 1954 to 1 097.45×103 ha in 2005. While the ratio of light,moderate and serious salinized land areas changed from 6.72︰2.92︰1.00 to 1.25︰1.06︰1.00 in the study period. Grassland,cropland,swampland and water body were the major land use and land cover types from which saline-alkali land transformed. And the secondary salinization occured mainly in Da′an City,Tongyu County,Changling County,Daqing City,Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County and Zhaoyuan County. Finally,seven large ecoregions and 14 corresponding sub-ecoregions were delineated out based on spatio-temopral dynamic characteristics of saline-alkali land and geo-relational environmental attributes. According to the results,measures of amelioration and ways of development of saline-alkali land in the western Songnen Plain were put forward.展开更多
为了研究盐碱胁迫下改良剂——石膏、粉煤灰和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对玉米生长的保护机制及适宜配比,对盆栽玉米"郑单958"幼苗的离子含量、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量等生理指标进行了分析。结果表明:添加改良剂后,玉米幼苗体内Na+...为了研究盐碱胁迫下改良剂——石膏、粉煤灰和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对玉米生长的保护机制及适宜配比,对盆栽玉米"郑单958"幼苗的离子含量、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量等生理指标进行了分析。结果表明:添加改良剂后,玉米幼苗体内Na+含量显著降低,Ca^(2+)和K^+含量则显著增加(P<0.01);SOD、POD、CAT活性均有所增加(P<0.05);MDA、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量下降(P<0.05);叶绿素a明显增加,荧光参数F0和Fm也明显增加;总根长、根总表面积、根体积、根尖数、生物量和株高(P<0.05)也显著增加。相关分析表明,Na+含量与CAT活性(-0.60)、MDA含量(0.79)和叶绿素含量(-0.59)显著相关,Na^+含量、MDA含量和CAT活性与玉米幼苗茎叶及根系生长相关显著。石膏与PAM配合(12 g石膏+0.75 g PAM·kg^(-1)土)的效果最好。展开更多
Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrig...Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrigation and drainage modes (flood irrigation, drip irrigation, and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation) improve the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China. We aimed to study the transport characteristics of soil water and salt under different irrigation and drainage modes, and analyze the effects of the combination of irrigation and drainage on soil salt leaching, as well as its impacts on the growth of oil sunflower. Our results show that sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation significantly reduced the soil salt content and soil water content at the 0–200 cm soil depth. Under sub-surface pipe drainage combined with drip irrigation, the mean soil salt content was reduced to below 10 g/kg after the second irrigation, and the soil salt content decreased as sub-surface pipe distance decreased. The mean soil salt content of flood irrigation exceeded 25 g/kg, and the mean soil desalination efficiency was 3.28%, which was lower than that of drip irrigation. The mean soil desalination rate under drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation was 19.30% and 58.12%, respectively. After sub-surface drainage regulation under drip irrigation, the germination percentage of oil sunflower seedlings was increased to more than 50%, which further confirmed that combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage is very effective in improving the quality of saline-alkali soil and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops.展开更多
Salt,saline-alkali conditions,and drought are major environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity.The vacuolar H＋-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase（V-H＋-PPase） is an electrogenic proton pump t...Salt,saline-alkali conditions,and drought are major environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity.The vacuolar H＋-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase（V-H＋-PPase） is an electrogenic proton pump that translocates protons into vacuoles in plant cells.Expression of V-H＋-PPase increases in plants under a number of abiotic stresses,and is thought to have an important role in adaptation to abiotic stress.In this work,we report the isolation and characterization of the gene,ScVP,encoding a vacuolar inorganic pyrophosphatase（V-H＋-PPase） from the halophyte,Suaeda corniculata.Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that ScVP was induced in roots,stems and leaves under treatment with salt,saline-alkali and drought.Compared with wild-type（WT） Arabidopsis,transgenic plants overexpressing ScVP accumulated more Na＋ in leaves and roots,and showed increased tolerance to high salinity,saline-alkali and drought stresses.The germination percentage of transgenic Arabidopsis seeds was higher than that of WT seeds under the abiotic stresses.The root length of transgenic plants under salt stress was longer than that of WT plants.Furthermore,the rate of water loss during drought stress was higher in WT than in transgenic plants.Collectively,these results indicate that ScVP plays an important role in plant tolerance to salt,saline-alkali and drought stress.展开更多
There is great potential for agriculture in saline-alkali soil area in Songnen Plain, Northeast China. But the sustainable crop production in this area has been restricted by a few of main factors, such as less precip...There is great potential for agriculture in saline-alkali soil area in Songnen Plain, Northeast China. But the sustainable crop production in this area has been restricted by a few of main factors, such as less precipitation, h igher evaporation and frequent drought, high salinity and alkalinity, high excha ngeable sodium content and poor infiltration of the soil, and insufficiency and low availability in nutrition. It is also considered that there are a few of fav orable conditions for agricultural development in this region, such as sufficien t light and heat resources, rich ground water resources, plenty of manure produc ed by livestock, and so on. At the same time, scientific management and measurem ents have been employed; rational irrigation and drainage system has been establ ished; reclamation, amendment and fertilization of soil, and suitable strategies of cropping practices have been made for the sustainable development of agricul ture. Great progress has been made during 1996-2000.展开更多
Taking west Jilin Province as an example, this paper put forward the assessment index of salinization, and based on it, the authors present the distribution characteristics of saline-alkali soil in the 1980s and the 1...Taking west Jilin Province as an example, this paper put forward the assessment index of salinization, and based on it, the authors present the distribution characteristics of saline-alkali soil in the 1980s and the 1990s in west Jilin and analyze its physical and chemical properties in detail. The developing tendency of salinization was also inferred by comparing the saline-alkali soil of the 1980s with that of the 1990s. Finally, the natural and human factors leading to salinization are analyzed.展开更多
Salinity-alkalinity is incipient abiotic stress that impairs plant growth and development.Rice(Oryza sativa)is a major food crop greatly affected by soil salinity and alkalinity,requiring tolerant varieties in the sal...Salinity-alkalinity is incipient abiotic stress that impairs plant growth and development.Rice(Oryza sativa)is a major food crop greatly affected by soil salinity and alkalinity,requiring tolerant varieties in the saline-alkali prone areas.Understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms of saline-alkali tolerance paves the base for improving saline-alkali tolerance in rice and leads to progress in breeding.This review illustrated the physiological consequences,and molecular mechanisms especially signaling and function of regulating genes for saline-alkali tolerance in rice plants.We also discussed QTLs regarding saline-alkali tolerance accordingly and ways of deployment for improvement.More efforts are needed to identify and utilize the identified QTLs for saline-alkali tolerance in rice.展开更多
文摘通过盆栽试验,研究了新葵4号、新葵6号、新葵10号和美国矮大头4个油葵品种对盐碱地土壤理化、酶活性和微生物群落功能多样性的影响,以期筛选出更适宜改善盐碱地土壤质量的油葵品种。结果表明,种植新葵6号对降低盐碱地根际土壤pH值、提高土壤全氮含量和蔗糖酶活性的效果最为显著,新葵4号对提高根际土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量以及脲酶和磷酸酶活性的效果最为显著;种植这4个品种的油葵均能显著(72 h,P<0.05)提高盐碱地根际土壤微生物对31种碳源的平均利用率(Average well color development,AWCD),并呈现如下规律:新葵4号>新葵6号>美国矮大头>新葵10号>CK。种植这4个油葵品种均不同程度地提高了盐碱地根际土壤微生物群落的Shannon多样性指数(H)、Shannon优势度指数(D)和碳源利用丰富度指数(S),并呈现出相似的规律:新葵4号根际土的微生物多样性指数最大,而CK的最小,且显著高于CK。主成分分析表明,种植油葵改善了盐碱地根际土壤微生物的群落组成;碳水化合物、氨基酸、羧酸类化合物和聚合物是盐碱地土壤微生物利用的主要碳源。因此,在盐碱地中种植油葵可提高相关土壤理化性质和酶的活性,改善微生物功能多样性,优化盐碱地微生物的群落结构,尤其是种植新葵4号对盐碱地的改良效果最为显著。
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40771162)Key Item of Knowledge Innova-tion Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX2-SW-320-1)
文摘As the important reserve land resources for food production,saline-alkali land should play a significant role to ensure the national food security in the context of global food crisis. The western Songnen Plain is one of main distribution regions of saline-alkali land in China,with great potential in agricultural development. In this study,the extent,transformation,spatial distribution and temporal change of saline-alkali land in the western Songnen Plain during 1954–2005 were investigated by using remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis methods. Saline-alkali land change was detected from a temporal series of topographic maps in 1954,satellite images of Landsat MSS in 1976,Landsat TM/ETM in 1988,2000 and 2005 through artificial visual interpretation. The results indicated a significant expansion in saline-alkali land area and aggravation in salinization. The area of saline-alkali land had increased from 401.48×103 ha in 1954 to 1 097.45×103 ha in 2005. While the ratio of light,moderate and serious salinized land areas changed from 6.72︰2.92︰1.00 to 1.25︰1.06︰1.00 in the study period. Grassland,cropland,swampland and water body were the major land use and land cover types from which saline-alkali land transformed. And the secondary salinization occured mainly in Da′an City,Tongyu County,Changling County,Daqing City,Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County and Zhaoyuan County. Finally,seven large ecoregions and 14 corresponding sub-ecoregions were delineated out based on spatio-temopral dynamic characteristics of saline-alkali land and geo-relational environmental attributes. According to the results,measures of amelioration and ways of development of saline-alkali land in the western Songnen Plain were put forward.
文摘为了研究盐碱胁迫下改良剂——石膏、粉煤灰和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对玉米生长的保护机制及适宜配比,对盆栽玉米"郑单958"幼苗的离子含量、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量等生理指标进行了分析。结果表明:添加改良剂后,玉米幼苗体内Na+含量显著降低,Ca^(2+)和K^+含量则显著增加(P<0.01);SOD、POD、CAT活性均有所增加(P<0.05);MDA、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量下降(P<0.05);叶绿素a明显增加,荧光参数F0和Fm也明显增加;总根长、根总表面积、根体积、根尖数、生物量和株高(P<0.05)也显著增加。相关分析表明,Na+含量与CAT活性(-0.60)、MDA含量(0.79)和叶绿素含量(-0.59)显著相关,Na^+含量、MDA含量和CAT活性与玉米幼苗茎叶及根系生长相关显著。石膏与PAM配合(12 g石膏+0.75 g PAM·kg^(-1)土)的效果最好。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51741908)
文摘Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrigation and drainage modes (flood irrigation, drip irrigation, and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation) improve the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China. We aimed to study the transport characteristics of soil water and salt under different irrigation and drainage modes, and analyze the effects of the combination of irrigation and drainage on soil salt leaching, as well as its impacts on the growth of oil sunflower. Our results show that sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation significantly reduced the soil salt content and soil water content at the 0–200 cm soil depth. Under sub-surface pipe drainage combined with drip irrigation, the mean soil salt content was reduced to below 10 g/kg after the second irrigation, and the soil salt content decreased as sub-surface pipe distance decreased. The mean soil salt content of flood irrigation exceeded 25 g/kg, and the mean soil desalination efficiency was 3.28%, which was lower than that of drip irrigation. The mean soil desalination rate under drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation was 19.30% and 58.12%, respectively. After sub-surface drainage regulation under drip irrigation, the germination percentage of oil sunflower seedlings was increased to more than 50%, which further confirmed that combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage is very effective in improving the quality of saline-alkali soil and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops.
基金supported by grants from the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NCET-080693)the Special Program for Research of Transgenic Plants (Grant No.2008ZX08010-002)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30400300 and 30971804)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province and Changchun City,China(Grant Nos.20080252 and 2009024)the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry,Chinathe State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology at Shandong Agricultural University,China(Grant No.2010KF02)
文摘Salt,saline-alkali conditions,and drought are major environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity.The vacuolar H＋-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase（V-H＋-PPase） is an electrogenic proton pump that translocates protons into vacuoles in plant cells.Expression of V-H＋-PPase increases in plants under a number of abiotic stresses,and is thought to have an important role in adaptation to abiotic stress.In this work,we report the isolation and characterization of the gene,ScVP,encoding a vacuolar inorganic pyrophosphatase（V-H＋-PPase） from the halophyte,Suaeda corniculata.Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that ScVP was induced in roots,stems and leaves under treatment with salt,saline-alkali and drought.Compared with wild-type（WT） Arabidopsis,transgenic plants overexpressing ScVP accumulated more Na＋ in leaves and roots,and showed increased tolerance to high salinity,saline-alkali and drought stresses.The germination percentage of transgenic Arabidopsis seeds was higher than that of WT seeds under the abiotic stresses.The root length of transgenic plants under salt stress was longer than that of WT plants.Furthermore,the rate of water loss during drought stress was higher in WT than in transgenic plants.Collectively,these results indicate that ScVP plays an important role in plant tolerance to salt,saline-alkali and drought stress.
文摘There is great potential for agriculture in saline-alkali soil area in Songnen Plain, Northeast China. But the sustainable crop production in this area has been restricted by a few of main factors, such as less precipitation, h igher evaporation and frequent drought, high salinity and alkalinity, high excha ngeable sodium content and poor infiltration of the soil, and insufficiency and low availability in nutrition. It is also considered that there are a few of fav orable conditions for agricultural development in this region, such as sufficien t light and heat resources, rich ground water resources, plenty of manure produc ed by livestock, and so on. At the same time, scientific management and measurem ents have been employed; rational irrigation and drainage system has been establ ished; reclamation, amendment and fertilization of soil, and suitable strategies of cropping practices have been made for the sustainable development of agricul ture. Great progress has been made during 1996-2000.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.49671077 Project of Jilin Provincial Committee for Science and Technology, No.
文摘Taking west Jilin Province as an example, this paper put forward the assessment index of salinization, and based on it, the authors present the distribution characteristics of saline-alkali soil in the 1980s and the 1990s in west Jilin and analyze its physical and chemical properties in detail. The developing tendency of salinization was also inferred by comparing the saline-alkali soil of the 1980s with that of the 1990s. Finally, the natural and human factors leading to salinization are analyzed.
基金funded by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2020B020219004)the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab(Grant No.B21HJ0216)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program and the Cooperation and Innovation Mission,China(Grant No.CAAS-ZDXT202001)。
文摘Salinity-alkalinity is incipient abiotic stress that impairs plant growth and development.Rice(Oryza sativa)is a major food crop greatly affected by soil salinity and alkalinity,requiring tolerant varieties in the saline-alkali prone areas.Understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms of saline-alkali tolerance paves the base for improving saline-alkali tolerance in rice and leads to progress in breeding.This review illustrated the physiological consequences,and molecular mechanisms especially signaling and function of regulating genes for saline-alkali tolerance in rice plants.We also discussed QTLs regarding saline-alkali tolerance accordingly and ways of deployment for improvement.More efforts are needed to identify and utilize the identified QTLs for saline-alkali tolerance in rice.
