The morphology,microstructure and decomposition behavior of M2C carbides in high speed steels with different chemical compositions have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscop...The morphology,microstructure and decomposition behavior of M2C carbides in high speed steels with different chemical compositions have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction.The results show that the morphology and substructure of M2C carbides are very sensitive to chemical compositions of high speed steels.M2C carbides present the plate-like shape in tungsten-molybdenum steel and present the polycrystal orientation in the eutectic cell.In contrast,they show the fibrous shape in molybdenum-base steel and exhibit the monocrystal orientation.Plate-like and fibrous M2C carbides are both metastable and decompose into M6 C together with MC at high temperatures.MC nucleates inside the plate-like M2C while it is formed at the fibrous M2C/matrix interface during the decomposition process.Such differences are expected to arise from different compositions of plate-like and fibrous M2C carbides.展开更多
The plant protein phosphatase 2Cs(PP2Cs)play an essential role in response to stress and abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway.However,to date,no systemic characterization of the PP2Cs has yet bee n con ducted in potato...The plant protein phosphatase 2Cs(PP2Cs)play an essential role in response to stress and abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway.However,to date,no systemic characterization of the PP2Cs has yet bee n con ducted in potato(Solan um tuberosum L.).In the study,a comprehensive research was performed on genome-wide identification and expression analysis of StPP2C genes in potato.A total of 78 potato StPP2C genes were identified based on specific structure of PP2C domain,which were distributed across 11 out of 12 potato chromosomes and divided into 12(A-L)phylogenetic branches.The result from gene duplication an alysis showed that 14 StPP2Cs were in volved in gene tan dem duplication and 8 genes formed fragment duplicati on eve nts,which indicated that both tandem and fragment duplicati on contributed to the expa nsion of the gene family in evolution.Exon-intron structural analysis showed that they had a wide range of exon numbers.Analysis of protei n con servative motif dem on strated that StPP2Cs contained more similar motif structures in the same phyloge netic branches.The c/s-elements in StPP2C gene promoter regions were mainly responded to light,phytohormone and abiotic stress.Most of them exhibited tissue-specific expressi on patter ns,and some members could differe ntially express un der abiotic stress.The evidenee suggested that StPP2C genes may contribute to different functions in several physiological stress and environmental stress conditi ons.This study could provide new in sights to further in vestigate StPP2C functional characteristics responding to various stresses in potato.展开更多
设备到设备(Device to Device,D2D)通信可以提升频谱利用率和系统吞吐量,但由于D2D通信存在干扰问题,资源分配难度较大。近年来,深度强化学习(Deep Reinforcement Learning,DRL)被广泛应用于蜂窝通信的资源分配。因此,提出了一种基于优...设备到设备(Device to Device,D2D)通信可以提升频谱利用率和系统吞吐量,但由于D2D通信存在干扰问题,资源分配难度较大。近年来,深度强化学习(Deep Reinforcement Learning,DRL)被广泛应用于蜂窝通信的资源分配。因此,提出了一种基于优势演员-评论员(Advantage Actor-Critic,A2C)的资源分配算法,该算法可以根据环境状态选择最佳的D2D资源分配策略。通过仿真实验验证了该算法在网络性能上的优越性,并与其他算法进行了对比,结果表明,所提算法在提高系统吞吐率方面效果最好。因此,该算法为蜂窝网络中D2D通信资源分配问题提供了一种新的解决方案,具有广泛的应用前景。展开更多
The polarization of macrophages to the M1 or M2 phenotype has a pivotal role in inflammation and host defense;however,the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.Here,we show that myocyte enhancer factor 2 C(ME...The polarization of macrophages to the M1 or M2 phenotype has a pivotal role in inflammation and host defense;however,the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.Here,we show that myocyte enhancer factor 2 C(MEF2C)is essential for regulating M1 macrophage polarization in response to infection and inflammation.Global gene expression analysis demonstrated that MEF2C deficiency in macrophages downregulated the expression of M1 phenotypic markers and upregulated the expression of M2 phenotypic markers.MEF2C significantly promoted the expression of interleukin-12 p35 subunit(Il12a)and interleukin-12 p40 subunit(Il12b).Myeloid-specific Mef2c-knockout mice showed reduced IL-12 production and impaired Th1 responses,which led to susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection and protected against DSS-induced IBD in vivo.Mechanistically,we showed that MEF2C directly activated the transcription of Il12a and Il12b.These findings reveal a new function of MEF2C in macrophage polarization and Th1 responses and identify MEF2C as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.展开更多
工业化之前，人们都是在裁缝铺里量体裁衣。D2C模式是否算一种“网络裁缝铺”？D2C（designer to customer）是设计师对客户的英文缩写。设计师通过互联网直接与客户沟通，直接传达自己的设计理念和相关设计产品，直接面向消费者，凸显...工业化之前，人们都是在裁缝铺里量体裁衣。D2C模式是否算一种“网络裁缝铺”？D2C（designer to customer）是设计师对客户的英文缩写。设计师通过互联网直接与客户沟通，直接传达自己的设计理念和相关设计产品，直接面向消费者，凸显设计师的原创价值，客户得到个性化的贴心服务。展开更多
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51301038,51371050)Industry-Academia-Research Program of Jiangsu Province of China(BY2014127-03)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20141306)Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province of China(BE2016154)Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of High-end Structural Materials of China(hsm1404)
文摘The morphology,microstructure and decomposition behavior of M2C carbides in high speed steels with different chemical compositions have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction.The results show that the morphology and substructure of M2C carbides are very sensitive to chemical compositions of high speed steels.M2C carbides present the plate-like shape in tungsten-molybdenum steel and present the polycrystal orientation in the eutectic cell.In contrast,they show the fibrous shape in molybdenum-base steel and exhibit the monocrystal orientation.Plate-like and fibrous M2C carbides are both metastable and decompose into M6 C together with MC at high temperatures.MC nucleates inside the plate-like M2C while it is formed at the fibrous M2C/matrix interface during the decomposition process.Such differences are expected to arise from different compositions of plate-like and fibrous M2C carbides.
基金This research was supported by the Nationml Natural Science Foundation of China(31660416 and 31560413)and the Potato In dustry Tech no logy System of Gansu Provi nee,China(GARS-03-P1).
文摘The plant protein phosphatase 2Cs(PP2Cs)play an essential role in response to stress and abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway.However,to date,no systemic characterization of the PP2Cs has yet bee n con ducted in potato(Solan um tuberosum L.).In the study,a comprehensive research was performed on genome-wide identification and expression analysis of StPP2C genes in potato.A total of 78 potato StPP2C genes were identified based on specific structure of PP2C domain,which were distributed across 11 out of 12 potato chromosomes and divided into 12(A-L)phylogenetic branches.The result from gene duplication an alysis showed that 14 StPP2Cs were in volved in gene tan dem duplication and 8 genes formed fragment duplicati on eve nts,which indicated that both tandem and fragment duplicati on contributed to the expa nsion of the gene family in evolution.Exon-intron structural analysis showed that they had a wide range of exon numbers.Analysis of protei n con servative motif dem on strated that StPP2Cs contained more similar motif structures in the same phyloge netic branches.The c/s-elements in StPP2C gene promoter regions were mainly responded to light,phytohormone and abiotic stress.Most of them exhibited tissue-specific expressi on patter ns,and some members could differe ntially express un der abiotic stress.The evidenee suggested that StPP2C genes may contribute to different functions in several physiological stress and environmental stress conditi ons.This study could provide new in sights to further in vestigate StPP2C functional characteristics responding to various stresses in potato.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0502201)awarded to Prof.Huazhang Anthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1801283,31870908)+3 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program(No.2019B030301009)the SZU Top Ranking Project(No.86000000210)awarded to Prof.Weilin Chenthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81771711)awarded to Prof.Wengang Songthe Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program(No.2019A1515110086)awarded to Xibao Zhao.We thank Jessica Kate Tamanini(Scientific Editor,Shenzhen University School of Medicine)for editing the manuscript.
文摘The polarization of macrophages to the M1 or M2 phenotype has a pivotal role in inflammation and host defense;however,the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.Here,we show that myocyte enhancer factor 2 C(MEF2C)is essential for regulating M1 macrophage polarization in response to infection and inflammation.Global gene expression analysis demonstrated that MEF2C deficiency in macrophages downregulated the expression of M1 phenotypic markers and upregulated the expression of M2 phenotypic markers.MEF2C significantly promoted the expression of interleukin-12 p35 subunit(Il12a)and interleukin-12 p40 subunit(Il12b).Myeloid-specific Mef2c-knockout mice showed reduced IL-12 production and impaired Th1 responses,which led to susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection and protected against DSS-induced IBD in vivo.Mechanistically,we showed that MEF2C directly activated the transcription of Il12a and Il12b.These findings reveal a new function of MEF2C in macrophage polarization and Th1 responses and identify MEF2C as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
