The grain of rye(Secale cereale L.) used for baking contains a large amount of non-starch polysaccharides,making it an excellent component of functional foods. But rye grain intended for alcohol production and forage ...The grain of rye(Secale cereale L.) used for baking contains a large amount of non-starch polysaccharides,making it an excellent component of functional foods. But rye grain intended for alcohol production and forage use should have a reduced content of these polysaccharides. A comprehensive parameter that can predict the best field of application for winter rye grain is the viscosity of its wholemeal water extract.However, our understanding of the genetic background underlying this key trait and associated features of rye grain is poor. By analyzing six Russian winter rye cultivars, we identified the most contrasting forms and characterized the peculiarities of their water-soluble carbohydrates capable of influencing the viscosity of water extracts. Then, using phylogenetic and transcriptomic analyses, we identified in the rye genome many genes encoding putative glycosyltransferases and glycosylhydrolases responsible for the synthesis and degradation of arabinoxylans, mixed-linkage glucans, cellulose, and some other polysaccharides. We determined the dynamics of m RNA abundance for these genes at three stages of kernel development. Comparisons of gene expression levels in two contrasting cultivars revealed specific members of multigene families that may serve as promising targets for manipulating non-starch polysaccharide content in rye grain. High-viscosity cultivars were characterized by up-regulation of many glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of arabinoxylans and other cell-wall polysaccharides,whereas low-viscosity cultivars showed up-regulation of several genes encoding polysaccharidedegrading enzymes.展开更多
以黑麦品种K ing为材料,在铝胁迫条件下研究外源C a2+对黑麦幼根膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,50μm o l/L A l处理后黑麦根系电解质渗漏率和根尖丙二醛(M DA)含量增加,根尖超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢...以黑麦品种K ing为材料,在铝胁迫条件下研究外源C a2+对黑麦幼根膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,50μm o l/L A l处理后黑麦根系电解质渗漏率和根尖丙二醛(M DA)含量增加,根尖超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高。在铝处理液中添加0.5~2.0 mm o l/L C aC l2处理24h后,根系电解质渗漏率、根尖M DA含量减少,根尖SOD、POD、CAT活性显著降低,幼根伸长率显著增加,说明外源钙能降低铝对黑麦的毒害,提高黑麦对铝胁迫的抵御能力,增强细胞膜脂抗过氧化能力。展开更多
以奥地利黑麦(S eca le cerea le L.)为试验材料,通过G iem sa C-分带对其进行了细胞学鉴定、染色体核型与C-带分析。结果表明,奥地利黑麦体细胞染色体为14条,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体形成7个二价体,其核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+2s...以奥地利黑麦(S eca le cerea le L.)为试验材料,通过G iem sa C-分带对其进行了细胞学鉴定、染色体核型与C-带分析。结果表明,奥地利黑麦体细胞染色体为14条,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体形成7个二价体,其核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+2sm+2m(SAT)。通过C-分带将奥地利黑麦1R^7R的7条染色体区分开来,其C-带带型公式为2n=14=2C+I+T+2C+T+4I+T+2C+I+T++2T+2ST。奥地利黑麦除2R和4R长臂近端部约1/4处有带且7R无中间带外,其余带型与黑麦标准C-分带带型基本一致。展开更多
基金supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research with project number of i_m_17-29-08023(Liudmila V.Kozlova,Alsu R.Nazipova,Oleg V.Gorshkov,Liliya F.Gilmullina,Natalia V.Petrova,Sergey N.Ponomarev,Mira L.Ponomareva,Tatyana A.Gorshkova)Part of work(immunodot binding assay,Olga V.Sautkina+1 种基金monosaccharide analysis,Oksana I.Trofimovaviscosity of water extract determination,Liliya F.Gilmullina)was performed with financial support from the government assignment for FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS。
文摘The grain of rye(Secale cereale L.) used for baking contains a large amount of non-starch polysaccharides,making it an excellent component of functional foods. But rye grain intended for alcohol production and forage use should have a reduced content of these polysaccharides. A comprehensive parameter that can predict the best field of application for winter rye grain is the viscosity of its wholemeal water extract.However, our understanding of the genetic background underlying this key trait and associated features of rye grain is poor. By analyzing six Russian winter rye cultivars, we identified the most contrasting forms and characterized the peculiarities of their water-soluble carbohydrates capable of influencing the viscosity of water extracts. Then, using phylogenetic and transcriptomic analyses, we identified in the rye genome many genes encoding putative glycosyltransferases and glycosylhydrolases responsible for the synthesis and degradation of arabinoxylans, mixed-linkage glucans, cellulose, and some other polysaccharides. We determined the dynamics of m RNA abundance for these genes at three stages of kernel development. Comparisons of gene expression levels in two contrasting cultivars revealed specific members of multigene families that may serve as promising targets for manipulating non-starch polysaccharide content in rye grain. High-viscosity cultivars were characterized by up-regulation of many glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of arabinoxylans and other cell-wall polysaccharides,whereas low-viscosity cultivars showed up-regulation of several genes encoding polysaccharidedegrading enzymes.
文摘以黑麦品种K ing为材料,在铝胁迫条件下研究外源C a2+对黑麦幼根膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,50μm o l/L A l处理后黑麦根系电解质渗漏率和根尖丙二醛(M DA)含量增加,根尖超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高。在铝处理液中添加0.5~2.0 mm o l/L C aC l2处理24h后,根系电解质渗漏率、根尖M DA含量减少,根尖SOD、POD、CAT活性显著降低,幼根伸长率显著增加,说明外源钙能降低铝对黑麦的毒害,提高黑麦对铝胁迫的抵御能力,增强细胞膜脂抗过氧化能力。
文摘以奥地利黑麦(S eca le cerea le L.)为试验材料,通过G iem sa C-分带对其进行了细胞学鉴定、染色体核型与C-带分析。结果表明,奥地利黑麦体细胞染色体为14条,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体形成7个二价体,其核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+2sm+2m(SAT)。通过C-分带将奥地利黑麦1R^7R的7条染色体区分开来,其C-带带型公式为2n=14=2C+I+T+2C+T+4I+T+2C+I+T++2T+2ST。奥地利黑麦除2R和4R长臂近端部约1/4处有带且7R无中间带外,其余带型与黑麦标准C-分带带型基本一致。
