Plant hormones regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Both auxin and cytokinin have been known for a long time to act either synergistically or antagonistically to control several significant developme...Plant hormones regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Both auxin and cytokinin have been known for a long time to act either synergistically or antagonistically to control several significant developmental processes, such as the formation and maintenance of meristem. Over the past few years, exciting progress has been made to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the auxin-cytokinin action and interaction. In this review, we shall briefly discuss the major progress made in auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis, auxin transport, and auxin and cytokinin signaling. The frameworks for the complicated interaction of these two hormones in the control of shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem formation as well as their roles in in vitro organ regeneration are the major focus of this review.展开更多
Disparity in the root morphology of six rice(Oryza sativa L.) genotypes varying in potassium(K) efficiency was studied with three K levels:5 mg/L(low),10 mg/L(moderate) and 40 mg/L(adequate) in hydroponic culture. Mor...Disparity in the root morphology of six rice(Oryza sativa L.) genotypes varying in potassium(K) efficiency was studied with three K levels:5 mg/L(low),10 mg/L(moderate) and 40 mg/L(adequate) in hydroponic culture. Morphological parameters included root length,surface area,volume and count of lateral roots,as well as fine(diameter<0.2 mm) and thick(diameter>0.2 mm) roots. The results indicate that the root growth of all genotypes was reduced under low K,but moderate K deficiency increased the root length of the efficient genotypes. At deficient and moderate K levels,all the efficient rice genotypes developed more fine roots(diameter<0.2 mm) than the inefficient ones. Both fine root count and root surface area were found to be the best parameters to portray K stress in rice. In accordance with the root morphology,higher K concentrations were noted in shoots of the efficient genotypes when grown at moderate and deficient K levels,indicating that root morphology parameters are involved in root uptake for K and in the translocation of K up to shoots. K deficiency affected not only the root morphology,but also the root ultra-structure. The roots of high-efficient genotypes had stronger tolerance to K deficient stress for root membrane damage,and could maintain the developed root architecture to adapt to the low K growth medium.展开更多
利用“网袋法”（the mesh beg method）研究亚种间杂交稻 PE037×02428（PE）和品种间杂交稻汕优63（S63）在不同播期下的根系形态发育和生理活性。结果表明:在根系干物质累积、根系生理活性和穗粒性状上PE较S63具有杂种优势,但这...利用“网袋法”（the mesh beg method）研究亚种间杂交稻 PE037×02428（PE）和品种间杂交稻汕优63（S63）在不同播期下的根系形态发育和生理活性。结果表明:在根系干物质累积、根系生理活性和穗粒性状上PE较S63具有杂种优势,但这些优势最终未能转化成产量优势,主要是因为PE籽粒充实度不高所致。播期对根系形态发育和生理活性的影响不同:5/1O和5/4（月/日）播期有利于根系形态发育但根系生理活性较低,且后期衰退严重,其结实率和产量最低;而6/10和6/11播期有利于根系生理活性的提高,结实率和产量最高。相关分析表明,生育后期PE根系氧化力和SOD活性下降百分率与20cm土层内的平均温度存在显著正相关（r=0.933～0.972）,而与产量成显著或极显著负相关（r=-0.955～-0.999）。PE根系干物质累积优势对产量是一个负向优势。展开更多
文摘Plant hormones regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Both auxin and cytokinin have been known for a long time to act either synergistically or antagonistically to control several significant developmental processes, such as the formation and maintenance of meristem. Over the past few years, exciting progress has been made to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the auxin-cytokinin action and interaction. In this review, we shall briefly discuss the major progress made in auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis, auxin transport, and auxin and cytokinin signaling. The frameworks for the complicated interaction of these two hormones in the control of shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem formation as well as their roles in in vitro organ regeneration are the major focus of this review.
基金Project supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars andInnovative Research Team in University of China (No. IRT0536)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 30740011)
文摘Disparity in the root morphology of six rice(Oryza sativa L.) genotypes varying in potassium(K) efficiency was studied with three K levels:5 mg/L(low),10 mg/L(moderate) and 40 mg/L(adequate) in hydroponic culture. Morphological parameters included root length,surface area,volume and count of lateral roots,as well as fine(diameter<0.2 mm) and thick(diameter>0.2 mm) roots. The results indicate that the root growth of all genotypes was reduced under low K,but moderate K deficiency increased the root length of the efficient genotypes. At deficient and moderate K levels,all the efficient rice genotypes developed more fine roots(diameter<0.2 mm) than the inefficient ones. Both fine root count and root surface area were found to be the best parameters to portray K stress in rice. In accordance with the root morphology,higher K concentrations were noted in shoots of the efficient genotypes when grown at moderate and deficient K levels,indicating that root morphology parameters are involved in root uptake for K and in the translocation of K up to shoots. K deficiency affected not only the root morphology,but also the root ultra-structure. The roots of high-efficient genotypes had stronger tolerance to K deficient stress for root membrane damage,and could maintain the developed root architecture to adapt to the low K growth medium.
文摘利用“网袋法”（the mesh beg method）研究亚种间杂交稻 PE037×02428（PE）和品种间杂交稻汕优63（S63）在不同播期下的根系形态发育和生理活性。结果表明:在根系干物质累积、根系生理活性和穗粒性状上PE较S63具有杂种优势,但这些优势最终未能转化成产量优势,主要是因为PE籽粒充实度不高所致。播期对根系形态发育和生理活性的影响不同:5/1O和5/4（月/日）播期有利于根系形态发育但根系生理活性较低,且后期衰退严重,其结实率和产量最低;而6/10和6/11播期有利于根系生理活性的提高,结实率和产量最高。相关分析表明,生育后期PE根系氧化力和SOD活性下降百分率与20cm土层内的平均温度存在显著正相关（r=0.933～0.972）,而与产量成显著或极显著负相关（r=-0.955～-0.999）。PE根系干物质累积优势对产量是一个负向优势。
