[目的]为中国南方红壤分布区RUSLE模型的本地化研究提供重要参考,同时为福建省长汀县水土流失防治及解决与此相关的其他问题提供科学的决策依据。[方法]以修正的通用水土流失方程RUSLE(revised universal soil loss equation)为评估基础...[目的]为中国南方红壤分布区RUSLE模型的本地化研究提供重要参考,同时为福建省长汀县水土流失防治及解决与此相关的其他问题提供科学的决策依据。[方法]以修正的通用水土流失方程RUSLE(revised universal soil loss equation)为评估基础,以长汀县为试验研究区,在地理信息系统和遥感技术的支持下,通过研究新方法计算降雨侵蚀力因子、参数调校或利用现有方法计算其余因子完成研究区水土流失评估。[结果]得到2013年长汀县水土流失等级分布图。2013年研究区水土流失已大有好转,但仍比较严重,主要为轻度和中度流失,其中河田镇、策武乡、濯田镇、三洲乡是重灾区。[结论]尽量减少不合理的人类活动,有效提高植被覆盖率,是研究区今后水土流失防治的基本措施。展开更多
To study the influences of terraced field construction and check-dam siltation on soil erosion of a watershed, we built a simplified watershed model for the Loess Plateau hilly-gully region including terraced fields, ...To study the influences of terraced field construction and check-dam siltation on soil erosion of a watershed, we built a simplified watershed model for the Loess Plateau hilly-gully region including terraced fields, slope farmlands, steep-slope grasslands, and dam farmlands and defined three states of watershed （i.e., pioneer, intermediate, and climax stages, respec- tively）. Then, the watershed soil erosion moduli at various stages were studied by using a revised universal soil loss equation. Our results show that the pioneer and climax stages are the extreme states of watershed soil-and-water conservation and control; in the pioneer stage the soil erosion modulus was 299.56 t.ha-l.a 1 above the edge of gully, 136.64 t.ha-La-1 below the edge of gully, and 229.74 t.ha-~.a-~ on average; in the climax stage, the soil erosion modulus was 39.10 t.ha .a-1 above the edge of gully, 1.10 t.ha-La-1 below the edge of gully, and 22.81 t-ha-La-1 on average; in the intermediate stage, the soil erosion modulus above the edge of gully exhibited an exponential decline along with the increase in terraced field area percentage, while the soil erosion modulus below the edge of gully exhibited a linear decline along with the increase in siltation height.展开更多
Due to the extremely poor soil cover, a low soil-forming rate, and inappropriate intensive land use, soil erosion is a serious problem in Guizhou Province, which is located in the centre of the karst areas of Southwes...Due to the extremely poor soil cover, a low soil-forming rate, and inappropriate intensive land use, soil erosion is a serious problem in Guizhou Province, which is located in the centre of the karst areas of Southwest China. In order to bring soil erosion under control and restore environment, the Chinese Government has initiated a serious of ecological re- habilitation projects such as the Grain-for-Green Programme and Natural Forest Protection Program and brought about tremendous influences on land-use change and soil erosion in Guizhou Province. This paper explored the relationship between land use and soil erosion in the Maotiao River watershed, a typical agricultural area with severe soil erosion in central Guizhou Province. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamic change of land-use type in Maotiao River watershed from 1973 to 2007 using Landsat MSS image in 1973, Landsat TM data in 1990 and 2007. Soil erosion change characteristics from 1973 to 2007, and soil loss among different land-use types were examined by integrating the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation （RUSLE） with a GIS environment. The results indicate that changes in land use within the watershed have significantly affected soil erosion. From 1973 to 1990, dry farmland and rocky desertified land significantly increased. In contrast, shrubby land, other forestland and grassland significantly decreased, which caused accelerated soil erosion in the study area. This trend was reversed from 1990 to 2007 with an increased area of land-use types for ecological use owing to the implementation of environmental protection programs. Soil erosion also significantly varied among land-use types. Erosion was most serious in dry farmland and the lightest in paddy field. Dry farmland with a gradient of 6°-25° was the major contributor to soil erosion, and conservation practices should be taken in these areas. The results of this study provide useful information for decision makers and planners to take sustainable land use management and s展开更多
森林生态系统土壤保持功能在控制土壤侵蚀以及维持生态安全方面具有不可替代的作用。根据不同气候带降雨特征进行降雨侵蚀力参数校正,基于中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)的森林生态系统长期定位观测样地2005-2015年监测数据利用修正的通用...森林生态系统土壤保持功能在控制土壤侵蚀以及维持生态安全方面具有不可替代的作用。根据不同气候带降雨特征进行降雨侵蚀力参数校正,基于中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)的森林生态系统长期定位观测样地2005-2015年监测数据利用修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)定量分析了典型森林生态系统土壤保持功能的时空变化特征,并探讨了土壤保持功能的影响因素。研究结果表明:①日雨量侵蚀力模型在降雨丰富的热带模拟效果优于降雨相对较少的亚热带和温带,参数校正后模拟效果明显提升;②研究期内10个典型森林生态系统土壤保持量变化范围为4.44-891.67 t hm^-2 a^-1,呈现北低南高的空间格局(R^2=0.65***);土壤保持率均达到97%以上;③降雨、归一化植被指数、土壤质地和植被林龄是影响森林生态系统土壤保持功能的主要影响因素;降雨量与土壤保持量显著相关(R^2=0.52*),NDVI和土壤质地与实际土壤侵蚀量显著相关(R^2=0.64**,R^2=0.41*),植被林龄主要影响土壤保持率的变化速率。展开更多
提出考虑地表土地利用/植被对汇流影响的基于多流向上坡汇流累积的地形因子提取算法,改进了修正通用土壤流失方程(revised university soil loss equation,RUSLE)中地形因子算法,提高了土壤侵蚀提取的精度。利用地理信息系统和遥感技术...提出考虑地表土地利用/植被对汇流影响的基于多流向上坡汇流累积的地形因子提取算法,改进了修正通用土壤流失方程(revised university soil loss equation,RUSLE)中地形因子算法,提高了土壤侵蚀提取的精度。利用地理信息系统和遥感技术研究了淮河流域商城县的土壤侵蚀强度空间分布及其与环境因素的关系。结果表明:研究区年平均土壤侵蚀模数为28.16 t·hm-2·a-1,属于中度侵蚀;总侵蚀面积达905.95 km 2;随着坡度的升高,土壤侵蚀强度和侵蚀模数也显著升高。研究为RUSLE模型应用在生态功能区进行土壤侵蚀评估提供了技术范例,为该区域治理水土流失和环境可持续发展提供了依据。展开更多
文摘[目的]为中国南方红壤分布区RUSLE模型的本地化研究提供重要参考,同时为福建省长汀县水土流失防治及解决与此相关的其他问题提供科学的决策依据。[方法]以修正的通用水土流失方程RUSLE(revised universal soil loss equation)为评估基础,以长汀县为试验研究区,在地理信息系统和遥感技术的支持下,通过研究新方法计算降雨侵蚀力因子、参数调校或利用现有方法计算其余因子完成研究区水土流失评估。[结果]得到2013年长汀县水土流失等级分布图。2013年研究区水土流失已大有好转,但仍比较严重,主要为轻度和中度流失,其中河田镇、策武乡、濯田镇、三洲乡是重灾区。[结论]尽量减少不合理的人类活动,有效提高植被覆盖率,是研究区今后水土流失防治的基本措施。
基金National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2011CB403302National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40971161No.41071182
文摘To study the influences of terraced field construction and check-dam siltation on soil erosion of a watershed, we built a simplified watershed model for the Loess Plateau hilly-gully region including terraced fields, slope farmlands, steep-slope grasslands, and dam farmlands and defined three states of watershed （i.e., pioneer, intermediate, and climax stages, respec- tively）. Then, the watershed soil erosion moduli at various stages were studied by using a revised universal soil loss equation. Our results show that the pioneer and climax stages are the extreme states of watershed soil-and-water conservation and control; in the pioneer stage the soil erosion modulus was 299.56 t.ha-l.a 1 above the edge of gully, 136.64 t.ha-La-1 below the edge of gully, and 229.74 t.ha-~.a-~ on average; in the climax stage, the soil erosion modulus was 39.10 t.ha .a-1 above the edge of gully, 1.10 t.ha-La-1 below the edge of gully, and 22.81 t-ha-La-1 on average; in the intermediate stage, the soil erosion modulus above the edge of gully exhibited an exponential decline along with the increase in terraced field area percentage, while the soil erosion modulus below the edge of gully exhibited a linear decline along with the increase in siltation height.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41171088 No.40701091+1 种基金 Chinese Universities Scientific Fund, No.2011JS 162 Ministry of Land and Resources Public Service Research Fund, No. 201011006-3
文摘Due to the extremely poor soil cover, a low soil-forming rate, and inappropriate intensive land use, soil erosion is a serious problem in Guizhou Province, which is located in the centre of the karst areas of Southwest China. In order to bring soil erosion under control and restore environment, the Chinese Government has initiated a serious of ecological re- habilitation projects such as the Grain-for-Green Programme and Natural Forest Protection Program and brought about tremendous influences on land-use change and soil erosion in Guizhou Province. This paper explored the relationship between land use and soil erosion in the Maotiao River watershed, a typical agricultural area with severe soil erosion in central Guizhou Province. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamic change of land-use type in Maotiao River watershed from 1973 to 2007 using Landsat MSS image in 1973, Landsat TM data in 1990 and 2007. Soil erosion change characteristics from 1973 to 2007, and soil loss among different land-use types were examined by integrating the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation （RUSLE） with a GIS environment. The results indicate that changes in land use within the watershed have significantly affected soil erosion. From 1973 to 1990, dry farmland and rocky desertified land significantly increased. In contrast, shrubby land, other forestland and grassland significantly decreased, which caused accelerated soil erosion in the study area. This trend was reversed from 1990 to 2007 with an increased area of land-use types for ecological use owing to the implementation of environmental protection programs. Soil erosion also significantly varied among land-use types. Erosion was most serious in dry farmland and the lightest in paddy field. Dry farmland with a gradient of 6°-25° was the major contributor to soil erosion, and conservation practices should be taken in these areas. The results of this study provide useful information for decision makers and planners to take sustainable land use management and s
文摘森林生态系统土壤保持功能在控制土壤侵蚀以及维持生态安全方面具有不可替代的作用。根据不同气候带降雨特征进行降雨侵蚀力参数校正,基于中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)的森林生态系统长期定位观测样地2005-2015年监测数据利用修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)定量分析了典型森林生态系统土壤保持功能的时空变化特征,并探讨了土壤保持功能的影响因素。研究结果表明:①日雨量侵蚀力模型在降雨丰富的热带模拟效果优于降雨相对较少的亚热带和温带,参数校正后模拟效果明显提升;②研究期内10个典型森林生态系统土壤保持量变化范围为4.44-891.67 t hm^-2 a^-1,呈现北低南高的空间格局(R^2=0.65***);土壤保持率均达到97%以上;③降雨、归一化植被指数、土壤质地和植被林龄是影响森林生态系统土壤保持功能的主要影响因素;降雨量与土壤保持量显著相关(R^2=0.52*),NDVI和土壤质地与实际土壤侵蚀量显著相关(R^2=0.64**,R^2=0.41*),植被林龄主要影响土壤保持率的变化速率。
文摘提出考虑地表土地利用/植被对汇流影响的基于多流向上坡汇流累积的地形因子提取算法,改进了修正通用土壤流失方程(revised university soil loss equation,RUSLE)中地形因子算法,提高了土壤侵蚀提取的精度。利用地理信息系统和遥感技术研究了淮河流域商城县的土壤侵蚀强度空间分布及其与环境因素的关系。结果表明:研究区年平均土壤侵蚀模数为28.16 t·hm-2·a-1,属于中度侵蚀;总侵蚀面积达905.95 km 2;随着坡度的升高,土壤侵蚀强度和侵蚀模数也显著升高。研究为RUSLE模型应用在生态功能区进行土壤侵蚀评估提供了技术范例,为该区域治理水土流失和环境可持续发展提供了依据。
