2008～2011年间,对四川省宜宾市白蚁种类进行调查,发现了6种散白蚁四川新纪录——圆唇散白蚁Reticulitermes labralis Hsia et Fan、细颚散白蚁Reticulitermes leptomandibularis Hsia et Fan、细颏散白蚁Reticulitermes leptogulus Pin...2008～2011年间,对四川省宜宾市白蚁种类进行调查,发现了6种散白蚁四川新纪录——圆唇散白蚁Reticulitermes labralis Hsia et Fan、细颚散白蚁Reticulitermes leptomandibularis Hsia et Fan、细颏散白蚁Reticulitermes leptogulus Ping et Xu、黄胸散白蚁Reticulitermes flaviceps(Oshima)、舌唇散白蚁Reticulitermes lingulatus Ping和卵唇散白蚁Reticulitermes ovatilabrum Xia et Fan,将四川省散白蚁属白蚁记录种类由6种增加至12种,将四川省白蚁记录种类由62种增加至68种。展开更多
The cryptic habits of subterranean termites restricts detailed analysis of their foraging patterns in situ, but the process is evidently dominated by tunnel constructions connecting the nest with woody resources disco...The cryptic habits of subterranean termites restricts detailed analysis of their foraging patterns in situ, but the process is evidently dominated by tunnel constructions connecting the nest with woody resources discovered within the territory of each colony. In this study, tunnel formation and orientation were studied experimentally in the termite Reticulitermes grassei （Clement）, using 2-dimensional laboratory foraging arenas con- taining fine sand as the substratum. The building of exploratory tunnels over a 10-day period and the geometry of the resulting network are described. Fractal analysis showed that tunnel geometry had a fractal dimension, regardless of the total length tunnelled whether foragers encountered the food source or not. The bulk density of the sand in the arenas affected the distances tunnelled, with higher density reducing construction, but did not affect tunnel geometry. Tunnels were not discernibly orientated with respect to the positioning of the food source, even in a situation where termites had failed to find the food source at a distance of less than 50 mm, suggesting that volatiles from wood are not attractants.展开更多
【目的】目前对白蚁的物种鉴定主要依赖形态学特征,本文从分子水平对4种散白蚁进行了鉴定和系统发育分析。【方法】对4种散白蚁(湖南散白蚁Reticulitermes hunanensis Tsai et Peng、平额散白蚁Reticulitermes planifrons Li et Ping、...【目的】目前对白蚁的物种鉴定主要依赖形态学特征,本文从分子水平对4种散白蚁进行了鉴定和系统发育分析。【方法】对4种散白蚁(湖南散白蚁Reticulitermes hunanensis Tsai et Peng、平额散白蚁Reticulitermes planifrons Li et Ping、近暗散白蚁Reticulitermes perilucifugus Ping和侏儒散白蚁Reticulitermes minuts Ping et Xu)的线粒体16Sr DNA和COⅡ基因序列进行扩增和测序,对序列进行比对及碱基组成分析后上传至GeneBank,并构建系统发育树对4种散白蚁进行系统发育分析。【结果】16S rDNA和COⅡ基因片段长度分别约380bp和720bp,两个基因的AT碱基含量均远远大于GC,16S rDNA序列的遗传距离普遍大于COⅡ序列,且两者的系统发育情况不一致。【结论】COⅡ基因系统发育与地理位置差距相关较为明显,16S rDNA基因序列碱基差异较COⅡ多,推断COⅡ基因更适合于白蚁由于地理位置引起的系统发育和地理迁徙及传入情况的研究,16S rDNA基因更适合于白蚁种类的鉴别。展开更多
The hindgut of lower termites harbors various symbiotic protists, which per- form varied functions in lignocellulose decomposition. As termites are social insects, the species and numbers of these flagellated protists...The hindgut of lower termites harbors various symbiotic protists, which per- form varied functions in lignocellulose decomposition. As termites are social insects, the species and numbers of these flagellated protists in the termite gut vary among the different castes. Juvenile hormones （JHs） can regulate caste differentiation in termites. In this study, we used the juvenile hormone analog fenoxycarh to induce termite workers （Reticulitermesflaviceps） to differentiate into pre-soldiers. A metatranscriptomic investigation of the protistan community was then performed by 454 pyrosequencing. From a thorough analysis based on 597 312 generated reads, we found that the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway was the most abundant pathway across the metatranscriptome. The current study demonstrates that the metatranscriptome of the protistan community in termites contains an abundance of lignocellulase, which plays a vital role in termite nutrition.展开更多
The tennite genus Reticulitermes species are serious pests of wooden structures and important quarantine insects in the world. It is very difficult to distinguish different Reticulitermes species based on their simila...The tennite genus Reticulitermes species are serious pests of wooden structures and important quarantine insects in the world. It is very difficult to distinguish different Reticulitermes species based on their similar morphology, which brings much trouble to quarantine work for invasive Reticulitermes species. Here, we used the four molecular markers, 18 S rDNA, COI, COII and ITS genes, to carry out phylogenetic analysis and identification of the six Reticulitermes species. We found that R. labralis, R. speratus, R. aculabialis, R. chinensis and R.flaviceps from China clustered together in the phylogenetic tree of COI gene, consisting with geographical distribution of them. We suggest that COI gene is suitable for interspecific phylogenetic analysis of Reticulitermes species. Subsequently, we designed and synthesized specific primer and TaqMan probe based on the COI gene of R. chinensis, and found that this primer can specifically detect R. chinensis. The minimum concentration of DNA sample is lpg/μL for the identification of R. chinensis. Our results suggest that the rapid and accurate identification of different Reticulitermes species can be achieved by fluorescent PCR technology based on COI gene.展开更多
One of the most intriguing questions in eusocial insects is to understand how the overt reproductive conflict in the colony appears limited when queens or kings are senescent or lost because the morphologically simila...One of the most intriguing questions in eusocial insects is to understand how the overt reproductive conflict in the colony appears limited when queens or kings are senescent or lost because the morphologically similar individuals in the colony are reproductively totipotent.Whether there are some individuals who preferentially differentiate into replacement reproductives or not has received little attention.The consistent individual behavioral differences(also termed“animal personality”)of individuals from the colony can shape cunningly their task and consequently affect the colony fitness but have been rarely investigated in eusocial insects.Here,we used the termite Reticulitermes labralis to investigate if variations in individual personalities(elusiveness and aggressiveness)may predict which individuals will perform reproductive differentiation within colonies.We observed that when we separately reared elusive and aggressive workers,elusive workers differentiate into reproductives significantly earlier than aggressive workers.When we reared them together in the proportions 12:3,10:5,and 8:7(aggressive workers:elusive workers),the first reproductives mostly differentiated from the elusive workers,and the reproductives differentiated from the elusive workers significantly earlier than from aggressive workers.Furthermore,we found that the number of workers participating in reproductive differentiation was significantly lower in the groups of both types of workers than in groups containing only elusive workers.Our results demonstrate that the elusiveness trait was a strong predictor of workers’differentiation into replacement reproductives in R.labralis.Moreover,our results suggest that individual personalities within the insect society could play a key role in resolving the overt reproductive conflict.展开更多
文摘2008～2011年间,对四川省宜宾市白蚁种类进行调查,发现了6种散白蚁四川新纪录——圆唇散白蚁Reticulitermes labralis Hsia et Fan、细颚散白蚁Reticulitermes leptomandibularis Hsia et Fan、细颏散白蚁Reticulitermes leptogulus Ping et Xu、黄胸散白蚁Reticulitermes flaviceps(Oshima)、舌唇散白蚁Reticulitermes lingulatus Ping和卵唇散白蚁Reticulitermes ovatilabrum Xia et Fan,将四川省散白蚁属白蚁记录种类由6种增加至12种,将四川省白蚁记录种类由62种增加至68种。
文摘The cryptic habits of subterranean termites restricts detailed analysis of their foraging patterns in situ, but the process is evidently dominated by tunnel constructions connecting the nest with woody resources discovered within the territory of each colony. In this study, tunnel formation and orientation were studied experimentally in the termite Reticulitermes grassei （Clement）, using 2-dimensional laboratory foraging arenas con- taining fine sand as the substratum. The building of exploratory tunnels over a 10-day period and the geometry of the resulting network are described. Fractal analysis showed that tunnel geometry had a fractal dimension, regardless of the total length tunnelled whether foragers encountered the food source or not. The bulk density of the sand in the arenas affected the distances tunnelled, with higher density reducing construction, but did not affect tunnel geometry. Tunnels were not discernibly orientated with respect to the positioning of the food source, even in a situation where termites had failed to find the food source at a distance of less than 50 mm, suggesting that volatiles from wood are not attractants.
文摘【目的】目前对白蚁的物种鉴定主要依赖形态学特征,本文从分子水平对4种散白蚁进行了鉴定和系统发育分析。【方法】对4种散白蚁(湖南散白蚁Reticulitermes hunanensis Tsai et Peng、平额散白蚁Reticulitermes planifrons Li et Ping、近暗散白蚁Reticulitermes perilucifugus Ping和侏儒散白蚁Reticulitermes minuts Ping et Xu)的线粒体16Sr DNA和COⅡ基因序列进行扩增和测序,对序列进行比对及碱基组成分析后上传至GeneBank,并构建系统发育树对4种散白蚁进行系统发育分析。【结果】16S rDNA和COⅡ基因片段长度分别约380bp和720bp,两个基因的AT碱基含量均远远大于GC,16S rDNA序列的遗传距离普遍大于COⅡ序列,且两者的系统发育情况不一致。【结论】COⅡ基因系统发育与地理位置差距相关较为明显,16S rDNA基因序列碱基差异较COⅡ多,推断COⅡ基因更适合于白蚁由于地理位置引起的系统发育和地理迁徙及传入情况的研究,16S rDNA基因更适合于白蚁种类的鉴别。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grants 31472046, 31172153）.
文摘The hindgut of lower termites harbors various symbiotic protists, which per- form varied functions in lignocellulose decomposition. As termites are social insects, the species and numbers of these flagellated protists in the termite gut vary among the different castes. Juvenile hormones （JHs） can regulate caste differentiation in termites. In this study, we used the juvenile hormone analog fenoxycarh to induce termite workers （Reticulitermesflaviceps） to differentiate into pre-soldiers. A metatranscriptomic investigation of the protistan community was then performed by 454 pyrosequencing. From a thorough analysis based on 597 312 generated reads, we found that the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway was the most abundant pathway across the metatranscriptome. The current study demonstrates that the metatranscriptome of the protistan community in termites contains an abundance of lignocellulase, which plays a vital role in termite nutrition.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572322)Science and Technology Project of National General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine(20141K006)
文摘The tennite genus Reticulitermes species are serious pests of wooden structures and important quarantine insects in the world. It is very difficult to distinguish different Reticulitermes species based on their similar morphology, which brings much trouble to quarantine work for invasive Reticulitermes species. Here, we used the four molecular markers, 18 S rDNA, COI, COII and ITS genes, to carry out phylogenetic analysis and identification of the six Reticulitermes species. We found that R. labralis, R. speratus, R. aculabialis, R. chinensis and R.flaviceps from China clustered together in the phylogenetic tree of COI gene, consisting with geographical distribution of them. We suggest that COI gene is suitable for interspecific phylogenetic analysis of Reticulitermes species. Subsequently, we designed and synthesized specific primer and TaqMan probe based on the COI gene of R. chinensis, and found that this primer can specifically detect R. chinensis. The minimum concentration of DNA sample is lpg/μL for the identification of R. chinensis. Our results suggest that the rapid and accurate identification of different Reticulitermes species can be achieved by fluorescent PCR technology based on COI gene.
基金This work was supported by the NSFC-Yunnan United fund(U2102221)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31360104)by the Project for Graduate Innovation Team of Northwestern Polytechnical University(02020-19GH010208),Xi'an,China。
文摘One of the most intriguing questions in eusocial insects is to understand how the overt reproductive conflict in the colony appears limited when queens or kings are senescent or lost because the morphologically similar individuals in the colony are reproductively totipotent.Whether there are some individuals who preferentially differentiate into replacement reproductives or not has received little attention.The consistent individual behavioral differences(also termed“animal personality”)of individuals from the colony can shape cunningly their task and consequently affect the colony fitness but have been rarely investigated in eusocial insects.Here,we used the termite Reticulitermes labralis to investigate if variations in individual personalities(elusiveness and aggressiveness)may predict which individuals will perform reproductive differentiation within colonies.We observed that when we separately reared elusive and aggressive workers,elusive workers differentiate into reproductives significantly earlier than aggressive workers.When we reared them together in the proportions 12:3,10:5,and 8:7(aggressive workers:elusive workers),the first reproductives mostly differentiated from the elusive workers,and the reproductives differentiated from the elusive workers significantly earlier than from aggressive workers.Furthermore,we found that the number of workers participating in reproductive differentiation was significantly lower in the groups of both types of workers than in groups containing only elusive workers.Our results demonstrate that the elusiveness trait was a strong predictor of workers’differentiation into replacement reproductives in R.labralis.Moreover,our results suggest that individual personalities within the insect society could play a key role in resolving the overt reproductive conflict.
