Sleep disorders have a profound and well-documented impact on overall health and quality of life in the general population. In patients with chronic disease, sleep disorders are more prevalent, with an additional morb...Sleep disorders have a profound and well-documented impact on overall health and quality of life in the general population. In patients with chronic disease, sleep disorders are more prevalent, with an additional morbidity and mortality burden. The complex and dynamic relationship between sleep disorders and chronic kidney disease(CKD) remain relatively little investigated. This article presents an overview of sleep disorders in patients with CKD, with emphasis on relevant pathophysiologic underpinnings and clinical presentations. Evidence-based interventions will be discussed, in the context of individual sleep disorders, namely sleep apnea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome and excessive daytime sleepiness. Limitations of the current knowledge as well as future research directions will be highlighted, with a final discussion of different conceptual frameworks of the relationship between sleep disorders and CKD.展开更多
Background The prevalence of sleep disorders has been shown to be high in patients with chronic dialysis patients and may contribute to impaired quality of life and higher mortality in this population.However,there ar...Background The prevalence of sleep disorders has been shown to be high in patients with chronic dialysis patients and may contribute to impaired quality of life and higher mortality in this population.However,there are few data on the relationship of sleep disorders and their risk factors in chronic dialysis patients.The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of sleep disorders and their risk factors in chronic dialysis patients.Methods A total of 42 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis （CAPD） patients were involved in this cross-sectional study.Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）.Restless legs syndrome （RLS） was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group.And depression was assessed by Hamilton depression scale.General information and laboratory data were collected.Results The prevalence of sleep disorders was 47.6％ in the CAPD patients.According to the PSQI,the 42 CAPD patients were divided into sleep disturbance group and non-sleep disorders group.There were no significant differences in age,gender,dialysis duration,hemoglobin,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,β2-microglobulin,parathyroid hormone,calcium,and phosphorus between CAPD patients with sleep disorders and those without sleep disorders.But the level of serum albumin （AIb） in CAPD patients with sleep disorders was significantly lower than that in CAPD patients without sleep disorders （31.3±1.4 vs.34.3±3.7,t=3.603,P=0.001）.And the prevalence of RLS and depression was significantly higher than that in CAPD patients without sleep disorders （RLS：11/22 vs.1/20,x2=10.395,P=0.001; depression：7/22 vs.1/20,x2=4.886,P=0.027）.In CAPD patients with RLS,the prevalence of sleep disorders was significantly higher than that in CAPD patients without RLS （11/22 vs.11/30,x2=10.395,P=0.001）.And in CAPD patients with depression,the prevalence of sleep disorders was significantly higher than that in CAPD patients without depression （7/8 vs展开更多
目的评价不同治疗方案对睡眠障碍的疗效及不良反应,为睡眠障碍提供有循证证据的最佳治疗方案。方法以sleep disorde(r睡眠障碍)、insomnia(失眠)、restless legss yndrome or RLS(不宁腿综合征)、obstructive sleep apnea or OSA(阻塞...目的评价不同治疗方案对睡眠障碍的疗效及不良反应,为睡眠障碍提供有循证证据的最佳治疗方案。方法以sleep disorde(r睡眠障碍)、insomnia(失眠)、restless legss yndrome or RLS(不宁腿综合征)、obstructive sleep apnea or OSA(阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停)、narcolepsy(发作性睡病)、REM behaviour disorder or RBD(快速眼动睡眠期行为障碍)、treatment or therapy(治疗)等英文词汇作为检索词,分别检索2006-2013年Cochrane图书馆、美国国家图书馆医学在线(MEDLINE)、Science Direct等数据库,获得临床指南、系统评价、随机对照临床试验、回顾性病例分析研究、病例观察研究及综述等文献,采用Jadad量表进行质量评价。结果经筛选共计纳入与睡眠障碍治疗有关的临床指南6篇、系统评价12篇、随机对照临床试验5篇、回顾性病例分析2篇、病例观察1篇、综述14篇;其中33篇为高质量文献、7篇为低质量文献。经对各项临床试验治疗原则及不同治疗方法疗效和安全性评价显示:(1)失眠为最常见的睡眠障碍,以药物治疗和改善认知行为为主要治疗方法,两种治疗方法各有优缺点,联合治疗为最佳方案。(2)原发性不宁腿综合征的一线治疗药物为多巴胺受体激动药和抗惊厥药,继发性患者主要为病因治疗。(3)阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征治疗包括经鼻持续气道正压通气、口腔矫正器、手术治疗,其中经鼻持续气道正压通气为一线治疗方法。(4)发作性睡病的药物治疗包括莫达非尼、羟丁酸钠及抗抑郁药,应根据临床分型选择不同药物。(5)快速眼动睡眠期行为障碍的治疗包括一般治疗如避免诱因、保证睡眠环境安全等,药物治疗主要有苯二氮类及褪黑素。结论借助循证医学评价方法可为不同类型睡眠障碍的治疗提供最佳临床证据。展开更多
基金Supported by a NIH grant to Dr.Cukor(MD006875)(in part)
文摘Sleep disorders have a profound and well-documented impact on overall health and quality of life in the general population. In patients with chronic disease, sleep disorders are more prevalent, with an additional morbidity and mortality burden. The complex and dynamic relationship between sleep disorders and chronic kidney disease(CKD) remain relatively little investigated. This article presents an overview of sleep disorders in patients with CKD, with emphasis on relevant pathophysiologic underpinnings and clinical presentations. Evidence-based interventions will be discussed, in the context of individual sleep disorders, namely sleep apnea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome and excessive daytime sleepiness. Limitations of the current knowledge as well as future research directions will be highlighted, with a final discussion of different conceptual frameworks of the relationship between sleep disorders and CKD.
基金This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.81200543）,Excellent Person Project of Beijing （No.2012D003034000010）,Basic-clinical Cooperation Fund of Capital Medical University （No.12JL44） and Beijing Municipal Health Bureau High-level Medical Professionals Promotion Project （No.2013-3-016）.
文摘Background The prevalence of sleep disorders has been shown to be high in patients with chronic dialysis patients and may contribute to impaired quality of life and higher mortality in this population.However,there are few data on the relationship of sleep disorders and their risk factors in chronic dialysis patients.The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of sleep disorders and their risk factors in chronic dialysis patients.Methods A total of 42 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis （CAPD） patients were involved in this cross-sectional study.Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）.Restless legs syndrome （RLS） was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group.And depression was assessed by Hamilton depression scale.General information and laboratory data were collected.Results The prevalence of sleep disorders was 47.6％ in the CAPD patients.According to the PSQI,the 42 CAPD patients were divided into sleep disturbance group and non-sleep disorders group.There were no significant differences in age,gender,dialysis duration,hemoglobin,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,β2-microglobulin,parathyroid hormone,calcium,and phosphorus between CAPD patients with sleep disorders and those without sleep disorders.But the level of serum albumin （AIb） in CAPD patients with sleep disorders was significantly lower than that in CAPD patients without sleep disorders （31.3±1.4 vs.34.3±3.7,t=3.603,P=0.001）.And the prevalence of RLS and depression was significantly higher than that in CAPD patients without sleep disorders （RLS：11/22 vs.1/20,x2=10.395,P=0.001; depression：7/22 vs.1/20,x2=4.886,P=0.027）.In CAPD patients with RLS,the prevalence of sleep disorders was significantly higher than that in CAPD patients without RLS （11/22 vs.11/30,x2=10.395,P=0.001）.And in CAPD patients with depression,the prevalence of sleep disorders was significantly higher than that in CAPD patients without depression （7/8 vs
文摘目的评价不同治疗方案对睡眠障碍的疗效及不良反应,为睡眠障碍提供有循证证据的最佳治疗方案。方法以sleep disorde(r睡眠障碍)、insomnia(失眠)、restless legss yndrome or RLS(不宁腿综合征)、obstructive sleep apnea or OSA(阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停)、narcolepsy(发作性睡病)、REM behaviour disorder or RBD(快速眼动睡眠期行为障碍)、treatment or therapy(治疗)等英文词汇作为检索词,分别检索2006-2013年Cochrane图书馆、美国国家图书馆医学在线(MEDLINE)、Science Direct等数据库,获得临床指南、系统评价、随机对照临床试验、回顾性病例分析研究、病例观察研究及综述等文献,采用Jadad量表进行质量评价。结果经筛选共计纳入与睡眠障碍治疗有关的临床指南6篇、系统评价12篇、随机对照临床试验5篇、回顾性病例分析2篇、病例观察1篇、综述14篇;其中33篇为高质量文献、7篇为低质量文献。经对各项临床试验治疗原则及不同治疗方法疗效和安全性评价显示:(1)失眠为最常见的睡眠障碍,以药物治疗和改善认知行为为主要治疗方法,两种治疗方法各有优缺点,联合治疗为最佳方案。(2)原发性不宁腿综合征的一线治疗药物为多巴胺受体激动药和抗惊厥药,继发性患者主要为病因治疗。(3)阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征治疗包括经鼻持续气道正压通气、口腔矫正器、手术治疗,其中经鼻持续气道正压通气为一线治疗方法。(4)发作性睡病的药物治疗包括莫达非尼、羟丁酸钠及抗抑郁药,应根据临床分型选择不同药物。(5)快速眼动睡眠期行为障碍的治疗包括一般治疗如避免诱因、保证睡眠环境安全等,药物治疗主要有苯二氮类及褪黑素。结论借助循证医学评价方法可为不同类型睡眠障碍的治疗提供最佳临床证据。
