为制备品质特性较佳的成型炭块,对螺杆挤出的生物质高密度成型燃料进行炭化,试验研究了炭化温度(400、450、500、550和600℃)、升温速率(2、6和10℃/min)和保持时间(60、120和180 min)对成型炭块的工业分析成分、热值和力学强度等品质...为制备品质特性较佳的成型炭块,对螺杆挤出的生物质高密度成型燃料进行炭化,试验研究了炭化温度(400、450、500、550和600℃)、升温速率(2、6和10℃/min)和保持时间(60、120和180 min)对成型炭块的工业分析成分、热值和力学强度等品质指标的影响。随着炭化温度的提高,成型炭块的炭得率、挥发分含量降低,固定碳含量提高,热值增大;炭化温度550℃时热值达到最大值,为31.04 MJ/kg,抗压强度和抗跌碎强度均较好。升温速率对成型炭块的力学性能影响较大,升温速率越小,抗压强度越大;升温速率为2℃/min时,成型炭块表面裂纹少,抗压强度达最大值,为439.8 k Pa;相应地,抗跌碎强度亦较佳,为95.5%。保持时间为120 min时成型炭块具有较高的热值29.63 MJ/kg,较大的抗压强度192.1 k Pa和较好的抗跌碎强度96.7%,过长或过短的保持时间都不利于成型炭块品质的提升。展开更多
AIM:To test whether in vitro incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with interferon (IFN) could efficiently decrease hepatitis C virus-RNA (HCV-RNA) amount and to analyze whether this effect was assoc...AIM:To test whether in vitro incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with interferon (IFN) could efficiently decrease hepatitis C virus-RNA (HCV-RNA) amount and to analyze whether this effect was associated with clinical response to IFN.METHODS:Twenty-seven patients with histologically proven chronic hepatitis C were given intravenous administration of 6 million units (MU) IFN-β daily for 6 weeks followed by three times weekly for 20 weeks. PBMC collected before IFN therapy were incubated with IFN-β and HCV-RNA in PMBC was semi-quantitatively determined.RESULTS: Twenty-five patients completed IFN therapy.Eight patients (32%) had sustained loss of serum HCV-RNA with normal serum ALT levels after IFN therapy (complete responders).HCV-RNA in PBMC was detected in all patients,whereas it was not detected in PBMC from healthy subjects.In vitro administration of IFN-β decreased the amount of HCV-RNA in PMBC in 18 patients (72%). Eight of these patients obtained complete response. On the other hand,none of the patients whose HCV-RNA in PBMC did not decrease by IFN-β was complete responders. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the decrease of HCV-RNA amount in PBMC by IFN-β was the only independent predictor for complete response (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The effect of in vitro IFN-β on HCV in PBMC reflects clinical response and would be taken into account as a predictive marker of IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis C.展开更多
文摘为制备品质特性较佳的成型炭块,对螺杆挤出的生物质高密度成型燃料进行炭化,试验研究了炭化温度(400、450、500、550和600℃)、升温速率(2、6和10℃/min)和保持时间(60、120和180 min)对成型炭块的工业分析成分、热值和力学强度等品质指标的影响。随着炭化温度的提高,成型炭块的炭得率、挥发分含量降低,固定碳含量提高,热值增大;炭化温度550℃时热值达到最大值,为31.04 MJ/kg,抗压强度和抗跌碎强度均较好。升温速率对成型炭块的力学性能影响较大,升温速率越小,抗压强度越大;升温速率为2℃/min时,成型炭块表面裂纹少,抗压强度达最大值,为439.8 k Pa;相应地,抗跌碎强度亦较佳,为95.5%。保持时间为120 min时成型炭块具有较高的热值29.63 MJ/kg,较大的抗压强度192.1 k Pa和较好的抗跌碎强度96.7%,过长或过短的保持时间都不利于成型炭块品质的提升。
文摘AIM:To test whether in vitro incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with interferon (IFN) could efficiently decrease hepatitis C virus-RNA (HCV-RNA) amount and to analyze whether this effect was associated with clinical response to IFN.METHODS:Twenty-seven patients with histologically proven chronic hepatitis C were given intravenous administration of 6 million units (MU) IFN-β daily for 6 weeks followed by three times weekly for 20 weeks. PBMC collected before IFN therapy were incubated with IFN-β and HCV-RNA in PMBC was semi-quantitatively determined.RESULTS: Twenty-five patients completed IFN therapy.Eight patients (32%) had sustained loss of serum HCV-RNA with normal serum ALT levels after IFN therapy (complete responders).HCV-RNA in PBMC was detected in all patients,whereas it was not detected in PBMC from healthy subjects.In vitro administration of IFN-β decreased the amount of HCV-RNA in PMBC in 18 patients (72%). Eight of these patients obtained complete response. On the other hand,none of the patients whose HCV-RNA in PBMC did not decrease by IFN-β was complete responders. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the decrease of HCV-RNA amount in PBMC by IFN-β was the only independent predictor for complete response (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The effect of in vitro IFN-β on HCV in PBMC reflects clinical response and would be taken into account as a predictive marker of IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis C.
