Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer is an aggressive phenotype with a poor prognosis,and can easily metastasize and recur.Currently,chemotherapy plus HER2-targeted therapy is th...Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer is an aggressive phenotype with a poor prognosis,and can easily metastasize and recur.Currently,chemotherapy plus HER2-targeted therapy is the standard systemic treatment for most of these patients.Given that neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has an efficacy equivalent to that of adjuvant chemotherapy and some additional benefits,many patients,especially those with more advanced tumors,prefer NAC and generally will not receive additional chemotherapy after surgery,irrespective of the pathological response.However,achieving pathological complete response to NAC is strongly correlated with prognosis,especially in triple-negative and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.Therefore,postoperative treatment of these patients with residual diseases should be optimized to achieve favorable outcomes.The CREATE-X study has confirmed that additional chemotherapy can improve the outcomes of patients with HER2-negative residual disease after NAC.In addition,chemotherapy plays an indispensable role in the treatment of patients who receive surgery directly or who have recurrent lesions.Therefore,can additional chemotherapy improve prognosis of patients with HER2-overexpressing residual breast cancer?At present,no studies have compared the efficacy of additional chemotherapy plus trastuzumab with that of anti-HER2 therapy alone in residual cancer.The KATHERINE study revealed that trastuzumab emtansine(T-DM1)can reduce the risk of recurrence or death by 50%compared with trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive residual invasive breast cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.T-DM1 is an antibody-drug conjugate of trastuzumab and the cytotoxic agent emtansine,and thus,to an extent,T-DM1 is equivalent to simultaneous application of chemotherapy and targeted therapy.However,high cost and low accessibility limit its use especially in low-and middle-income countries and regions.Hence,we proposed this perspective that additional chemotherapy plus trastuzumab should be given t展开更多
Due to a lack of substantial improvement in the outcome of patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) during the past decades, current staging methods need to be revised. This disease is associated wit...Due to a lack of substantial improvement in the outcome of patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) during the past decades, current staging methods need to be revised. This disease is associated with poor survival rates despite considerable advances in diagnosis and treatment. The early detection of metastases is an important indicator of survival, prognosis and relapse. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying metastasis is crucial. Exploring alternative measures apart from common procedures is needed to identify new prognostic markers. Similar to previous findings predominantly for other solid tumours, recently published studies demonstrate that circulating tumour cells(CTCs) and disseminated tumour cells(DTCs) might serve as prognostic markers and could supplement routine staging in OSCC. Thus, the detection of CTCs/DTCs is a promising tool todetermine the individual need for therapeutic intervention. Encouraging results and new approaches point to the future use of targeted therapies for OSCC, an exceedingly heterogeneous subgroup of head and neck cancer. This review focuses on summarising technologies currently used to detect CTCs/DTCs. The translational relevance for OSCC is highlighted. The inherent challenges in detecting CTCs/DTCs will be emphasised.展开更多
文摘Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer is an aggressive phenotype with a poor prognosis,and can easily metastasize and recur.Currently,chemotherapy plus HER2-targeted therapy is the standard systemic treatment for most of these patients.Given that neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has an efficacy equivalent to that of adjuvant chemotherapy and some additional benefits,many patients,especially those with more advanced tumors,prefer NAC and generally will not receive additional chemotherapy after surgery,irrespective of the pathological response.However,achieving pathological complete response to NAC is strongly correlated with prognosis,especially in triple-negative and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.Therefore,postoperative treatment of these patients with residual diseases should be optimized to achieve favorable outcomes.The CREATE-X study has confirmed that additional chemotherapy can improve the outcomes of patients with HER2-negative residual disease after NAC.In addition,chemotherapy plays an indispensable role in the treatment of patients who receive surgery directly or who have recurrent lesions.Therefore,can additional chemotherapy improve prognosis of patients with HER2-overexpressing residual breast cancer?At present,no studies have compared the efficacy of additional chemotherapy plus trastuzumab with that of anti-HER2 therapy alone in residual cancer.The KATHERINE study revealed that trastuzumab emtansine(T-DM1)can reduce the risk of recurrence or death by 50%compared with trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive residual invasive breast cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.T-DM1 is an antibody-drug conjugate of trastuzumab and the cytotoxic agent emtansine,and thus,to an extent,T-DM1 is equivalent to simultaneous application of chemotherapy and targeted therapy.However,high cost and low accessibility limit its use especially in low-and middle-income countries and regions.Hence,we proposed this perspective that additional chemotherapy plus trastuzumab should be given t
基金Supported by Hamburger Stiftung zur Forderung der KrebsbekampfungNo.188 to Grobe A and Riethdorf SERC Advanced Investigator Grant "DISSECT"(Pantel K),No.269081.
文摘Due to a lack of substantial improvement in the outcome of patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) during the past decades, current staging methods need to be revised. This disease is associated with poor survival rates despite considerable advances in diagnosis and treatment. The early detection of metastases is an important indicator of survival, prognosis and relapse. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying metastasis is crucial. Exploring alternative measures apart from common procedures is needed to identify new prognostic markers. Similar to previous findings predominantly for other solid tumours, recently published studies demonstrate that circulating tumour cells(CTCs) and disseminated tumour cells(DTCs) might serve as prognostic markers and could supplement routine staging in OSCC. Thus, the detection of CTCs/DTCs is a promising tool todetermine the individual need for therapeutic intervention. Encouraging results and new approaches point to the future use of targeted therapies for OSCC, an exceedingly heterogeneous subgroup of head and neck cancer. This review focuses on summarising technologies currently used to detect CTCs/DTCs. The translational relevance for OSCC is highlighted. The inherent challenges in detecting CTCs/DTCs will be emphasised.
文摘本研究通过观察抗CXCR4单克隆抗体12G5对Ara C杀伤HL-60细胞效应的影响,评价其在白血病骨髓 残留病变中的治疗价值。培养并共培养HL-60细胞,在共培养体系中采用12G5(10μg／ml)阻抑基质细胞SDF-1的 生物作用后,通过MTT法及细胞形态学观察检测不同浓度Ara c对HL-60细胞杀伤作用的变化。药物杀伤效应曲 线显示,在20μg／ml Ara C组,对照组中前2天A540值明显下降,但从3-4天开始出现上升,而加12G5实验组中 A540值虽然下降平缓,但持续下降,并于观察第5天后低于对照组,整个观察期中未出现反弹。在40μg／ml Ara C 组,对照组A540在0-3天明显下降,从第4天开始回升,于第5-6天与实验组曲线交叉,从7-12天时照组A540值 总体呈上升趋势,并明显高于实验组,而加12G5实验组曲线在整个观察期间虽然在7-9天有小幅度攀升,但总的 趋势是下降。细胞形态学观察显示,在两个浓度组,对照组HL-60细胞数量最初明显减少,随着培养时间延长,细 胞数量逐渐增多,实验组结果正相反。结论:12G5减弱Ara C对HL-60细胞的早期杀伤作用,但12G5增强Ara C 总体杀伤作用,同时,延缓HL-60细胞对Ara c的耐药性,因此12G5有助于白血病骨髓残留病变的治疗。
