Plant development and reproduction research has been moving very rapidly in the past 10 years due to the progress of molecular biology, the analysis of various developmental mutants, and the cloning of the genes with ...Plant development and reproduction research has been moving very rapidly in the past 10 years due to the progress of molecular biology, the analysis of various developmental mutants, and the cloning of the genes with important function in different stages of plant development. This review focuses on apical meristem, flower initiation and development, fertilization and embryogenesis. Recent advances and the prospects in the future are discussed.展开更多
A unisexual species is generally associated with polyploidy, and reproduced by a unisexual reproduction mode, such as gyno- genesis, hybridogenesis or parthenogenesis. Compared with other unisexual and polyploid speci...A unisexual species is generally associated with polyploidy, and reproduced by a unisexual reproduction mode, such as gyno- genesis, hybridogenesis or parthenogenesis. Compared with other unisexual and polyploid species, gibel carp (Carassius au- ratus gibelio) has a higher ploidy level of hexaploid. It has undergone several successive rounds of genome polyploidy, and experienced an additional, more recent genome duplication event. More significantly, the dual reproduction modes, including gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, have been demonstrated to coexist in the polyploid gibel carp. This article reviews the genetic basis concerning polyploidy origin, clonal diversity and dual reproduction modes, and outlines the progress in new va- riety breeding and gene identification involved in the reproduction and early development. The data suggests that gibel carp are under an evolutionary trajectory of diploidization. As a novel evolutionary developmental (Evo-Devo) biology model, this work highlights future perspectives about the functional divergence of duplicated genes and the sexual origin of vertebrate animals.展开更多
The basic reproduction number of an infectious agent is the average number of infections one case can generate over the course of the infectious period,in a naïve,uninfected population.It is well-known that the e...The basic reproduction number of an infectious agent is the average number of infections one case can generate over the course of the infectious period,in a naïve,uninfected population.It is well-known that the estimation of this number may vary due to several methodological issues,including different assumptions and choice of parameters,utilized models,used datasets and estimation period.With the spreading of the novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)infection,the reproduction number has been found to vary,reflecting the dynamics of transmission of the coronavirus outbreak as well as the case reporting rate.Due to significant variations in the control strategies,which have been changing over time,and thanks to the introduction of detection technologies that have been rapidly improved,enabling to shorten the time from infection/symptoms onset to diagnosis,leading to faster confirmation of the new coronavirus cases,our previous estimations on the transmission risk of the 2019-nCoV need to be revised.By using time-dependent contact and diagnose rates,we refit our previously proposed dynamics transmission model to the data available until January 29th,2020 and re-estimated the effective daily reproduction ratio that better quantifies the evolution of the interventions.We estimated when the effective daily reproduction ratio has fallen below 1 and when the epidemics will peak.Our updated findings suggest that the best measure is persistent and strict self-isolation.The epidemics will continue to grow,and can peak soon with the peak time depending highly on the public health interventions practically implemented.展开更多
There are currently 80 types of ecoestrogen proved,which can cause reproductive malfunction,cancer,malformation and abnormal behavior of animals and human beings while some ecoestrogen can interfere with more than one...There are currently 80 types of ecoestrogen proved,which can cause reproductive malfunction,cancer,malformation and abnormal behavior of animals and human beings while some ecoestrogen can interfere with more than one endocrine system or change the sex ratio and life cycle of certain animals.Some trace ecoestrogen can be accumulated to a concentration level hundreds of million times higher than that in the environment.The injury of ecoestrogen could be different according to differences of genetics,time and geology.Compared with synthetic ecoestrogen,phytoestrogen can reduce the risk of reproductive cancers.展开更多
Aquaculture has made an enormous contribution to the world food production,especially to the sustainable supply of animal proteins.The utility of diverse reproduction strategies in fish,such as the exploiting use of u...Aquaculture has made an enormous contribution to the world food production,especially to the sustainable supply of animal proteins.The utility of diverse reproduction strategies in fish,such as the exploiting use of unisexual gynogenesis,has created a typical case of fish genetic breeding.A number of fish species show substantial sexual dimorphism that is closely linked to multiple economic traits including growth rate and body size,and the efficient development of sex-linked genetic markers and sex control biotechnologies has provided significant approaches to increase the production and value for commercial purposes.Along with the rapid development of genomics and molecular genetic techniques,the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism has been gradually deciphered,and great progress has been made in the mechanisms of fish sex determination and identification of sex-determining genes.This review summarizes the progress to provide some directive and objective thinking for further research in this field.展开更多
文摘Plant development and reproduction research has been moving very rapidly in the past 10 years due to the progress of molecular biology, the analysis of various developmental mutants, and the cloning of the genes with important function in different stages of plant development. This review focuses on apical meristem, flower initiation and development, fertilization and embryogenesis. Recent advances and the prospects in the future are discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2010CB126301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30630050)+1 种基金the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology (Grant No. 2008FB007)the Innovation Project of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 075A01)
文摘A unisexual species is generally associated with polyploidy, and reproduced by a unisexual reproduction mode, such as gyno- genesis, hybridogenesis or parthenogenesis. Compared with other unisexual and polyploid species, gibel carp (Carassius au- ratus gibelio) has a higher ploidy level of hexaploid. It has undergone several successive rounds of genome polyploidy, and experienced an additional, more recent genome duplication event. More significantly, the dual reproduction modes, including gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, have been demonstrated to coexist in the polyploid gibel carp. This article reviews the genetic basis concerning polyploidy origin, clonal diversity and dual reproduction modes, and outlines the progress in new va- riety breeding and gene identification involved in the reproduction and early development. The data suggests that gibel carp are under an evolutionary trajectory of diploidization. As a novel evolutionary developmental (Evo-Devo) biology model, this work highlights future perspectives about the functional divergence of duplicated genes and the sexual origin of vertebrate animals.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:11631012(YX,ST),61772017(ST))by the Canada Research Chair Program(grant number:230720(JW)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Grant number:105588-2011(JW).
文摘The basic reproduction number of an infectious agent is the average number of infections one case can generate over the course of the infectious period,in a naïve,uninfected population.It is well-known that the estimation of this number may vary due to several methodological issues,including different assumptions and choice of parameters,utilized models,used datasets and estimation period.With the spreading of the novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)infection,the reproduction number has been found to vary,reflecting the dynamics of transmission of the coronavirus outbreak as well as the case reporting rate.Due to significant variations in the control strategies,which have been changing over time,and thanks to the introduction of detection technologies that have been rapidly improved,enabling to shorten the time from infection/symptoms onset to diagnosis,leading to faster confirmation of the new coronavirus cases,our previous estimations on the transmission risk of the 2019-nCoV need to be revised.By using time-dependent contact and diagnose rates,we refit our previously proposed dynamics transmission model to the data available until January 29th,2020 and re-estimated the effective daily reproduction ratio that better quantifies the evolution of the interventions.We estimated when the effective daily reproduction ratio has fallen below 1 and when the epidemics will peak.Our updated findings suggest that the best measure is persistent and strict self-isolation.The epidemics will continue to grow,and can peak soon with the peak time depending highly on the public health interventions practically implemented.
文摘There are currently 80 types of ecoestrogen proved,which can cause reproductive malfunction,cancer,malformation and abnormal behavior of animals and human beings while some ecoestrogen can interfere with more than one endocrine system or change the sex ratio and life cycle of certain animals.Some trace ecoestrogen can be accumulated to a concentration level hundreds of million times higher than that in the environment.The injury of ecoestrogen could be different according to differences of genetics,time and geology.Compared with synthetic ecoestrogen,phytoestrogen can reduce the risk of reproductive cancers.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program(2010CB126301)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest from Ministry of Agriculture of China(2009030406)+1 种基金the Autonomous Project of State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology(2011FBZ17)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301931)
文摘Aquaculture has made an enormous contribution to the world food production,especially to the sustainable supply of animal proteins.The utility of diverse reproduction strategies in fish,such as the exploiting use of unisexual gynogenesis,has created a typical case of fish genetic breeding.A number of fish species show substantial sexual dimorphism that is closely linked to multiple economic traits including growth rate and body size,and the efficient development of sex-linked genetic markers and sex control biotechnologies has provided significant approaches to increase the production and value for commercial purposes.Along with the rapid development of genomics and molecular genetic techniques,the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism has been gradually deciphered,and great progress has been made in the mechanisms of fish sex determination and identification of sex-determining genes.This review summarizes the progress to provide some directive and objective thinking for further research in this field.
