Partial substitution of synthetic nitrogen(N)with organic fertilizers(PSOF)is of great significance in improving soil ecosystem functions in systems that have deteriorated due to the excessive application of chemical ...Partial substitution of synthetic nitrogen(N)with organic fertilizers(PSOF)is of great significance in improving soil ecosystem functions in systems that have deteriorated due to the excessive application of chemical N fertilizer.However,existing studies typically focus on individual soil functions,neglecting the fact that multiple functions occur simultaneously.It remains unclear how PSOF influences multiple soil functions and whether these impacts are related to soil microbial communities.Here,we examined the impacts of partial substitutions(25%–50%)of chemical N fertilizer with organic form(pig manure or municipal sludge)in a vegetable field on soil multifunctionality,by measuring a range of soil functions involving primary production(vegetable yield and quality),nutrient cycling(soil enzyme activities,ammonia volatilization,N leaching,and N runoff),and climate regulation(soil organic carbon sequestration and nitrous oxide emission).We observed that PSOF improved soil multifunctionality,with a 50%substitution of chemical N fertilizer with pig manure being the best management practice;the result was strongly related to the diversities and network complexities of bacteria and fungi.Random forest analysis further revealed that soil multifunctionality was best explained by the bacterial-fungal network complexity,followed by available phosphorus level and bacterial diversity.The PSOF also shifted the composition of bacterial and fungal communities,with increased relative abundances of dominant bacteria phyla,such as Bacteroidetes,Gemmatimonadetes,and Myxococcota,and fungal phyla,such as Basidiomycota and Olpidiomycota.The observed increases in soil multifunctionality were consistent with significant increases in the relative abundances of keystone taxa such as Blastocladiomycota,Chaetomiaceae,and Nocardiopsaceae.Together,these findings indicate that PSOF can enhance interactions within and among microbial communities and that such practices have the potential to improve soil ecosystem multifunctionality and contr展开更多
【目的】探究琯溪蜜柚果实汁胞粒化过程中木质素生物合成途径相关基因在果实发育过程中的表达特征,以揭示汁胞粒化过程中木质素合成的分子调控机制。【方法】选取2018年花后135、165、195、215 d 4个时期的琯溪蜜柚果实,测定汁胞粒化率...【目的】探究琯溪蜜柚果实汁胞粒化过程中木质素生物合成途径相关基因在果实发育过程中的表达特征,以揭示汁胞粒化过程中木质素合成的分子调控机制。【方法】选取2018年花后135、165、195、215 d 4个时期的琯溪蜜柚果实,测定汁胞粒化率及木质素含量以及分析转录组数据筛选到的木质素生物合成途径关键基因的差异表达和相关酶活性变化,并进行汁胞细胞壁木质素沉积的显微观察。【结果】在琯溪蜜柚花后195至215 d果实发育成熟期,木质素生物合成途径中CrPAL1、CrPAL3、CrC4H1、CrC4H2、Cr4CL、CrCCR3、CrCAD3、CrPOD2和CrPOD7等9个基因的表达量都显著增强,qRT-PCR验证结果与转录组数据一致。这期间果实汁胞粒化明显加速,木质素合成相关酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、肉桂酸-4-羟基化酶(C4H)、4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性明显上升,木质素含量显著积累,番红染色显示木质素在蜜柚汁胞细胞壁中明显沉积。【结论】琯溪蜜柚木质素生物合成途径相关基因参与调控汁胞粒化过程中细胞壁木质素的合成。研究结果为今后琯溪蜜柚的品种改良和分子育种提供了理论基础。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41961124004,42207361,and42061124001)。
文摘Partial substitution of synthetic nitrogen(N)with organic fertilizers(PSOF)is of great significance in improving soil ecosystem functions in systems that have deteriorated due to the excessive application of chemical N fertilizer.However,existing studies typically focus on individual soil functions,neglecting the fact that multiple functions occur simultaneously.It remains unclear how PSOF influences multiple soil functions and whether these impacts are related to soil microbial communities.Here,we examined the impacts of partial substitutions(25%–50%)of chemical N fertilizer with organic form(pig manure or municipal sludge)in a vegetable field on soil multifunctionality,by measuring a range of soil functions involving primary production(vegetable yield and quality),nutrient cycling(soil enzyme activities,ammonia volatilization,N leaching,and N runoff),and climate regulation(soil organic carbon sequestration and nitrous oxide emission).We observed that PSOF improved soil multifunctionality,with a 50%substitution of chemical N fertilizer with pig manure being the best management practice;the result was strongly related to the diversities and network complexities of bacteria and fungi.Random forest analysis further revealed that soil multifunctionality was best explained by the bacterial-fungal network complexity,followed by available phosphorus level and bacterial diversity.The PSOF also shifted the composition of bacterial and fungal communities,with increased relative abundances of dominant bacteria phyla,such as Bacteroidetes,Gemmatimonadetes,and Myxococcota,and fungal phyla,such as Basidiomycota and Olpidiomycota.The observed increases in soil multifunctionality were consistent with significant increases in the relative abundances of keystone taxa such as Blastocladiomycota,Chaetomiaceae,and Nocardiopsaceae.Together,these findings indicate that PSOF can enhance interactions within and among microbial communities and that such practices have the potential to improve soil ecosystem multifunctionality and contr
文摘【目的】探究琯溪蜜柚果实汁胞粒化过程中木质素生物合成途径相关基因在果实发育过程中的表达特征,以揭示汁胞粒化过程中木质素合成的分子调控机制。【方法】选取2018年花后135、165、195、215 d 4个时期的琯溪蜜柚果实,测定汁胞粒化率及木质素含量以及分析转录组数据筛选到的木质素生物合成途径关键基因的差异表达和相关酶活性变化,并进行汁胞细胞壁木质素沉积的显微观察。【结果】在琯溪蜜柚花后195至215 d果实发育成熟期,木质素生物合成途径中CrPAL1、CrPAL3、CrC4H1、CrC4H2、Cr4CL、CrCCR3、CrCAD3、CrPOD2和CrPOD7等9个基因的表达量都显著增强,qRT-PCR验证结果与转录组数据一致。这期间果实汁胞粒化明显加速,木质素合成相关酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、肉桂酸-4-羟基化酶(C4H)、4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性明显上升,木质素含量显著积累,番红染色显示木质素在蜜柚汁胞细胞壁中明显沉积。【结论】琯溪蜜柚木质素生物合成途径相关基因参与调控汁胞粒化过程中细胞壁木质素的合成。研究结果为今后琯溪蜜柚的品种改良和分子育种提供了理论基础。
