利用常规观测资料和风廓线雷达产品对平顶山市2014年2月5—6日的暴雪天气过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:欧亚地区"两槽一脊"的环流背景下,700 h Pa西南急流、850 h Pa切变线和地面中尺度辐合线是这次暴雪的影响系统。风廓线雷达...利用常规观测资料和风廓线雷达产品对平顶山市2014年2月5—6日的暴雪天气过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:欧亚地区"两槽一脊"的环流背景下,700 h Pa西南急流、850 h Pa切变线和地面中尺度辐合线是这次暴雪的影响系统。风廓线雷达水平风资料可以清楚地展示暴雪过程风场"天南地北"的垂直结构及其变化特点。2500 m以上出现西南急流,同时720 m以下出现东北风,降雪开始。2500 m以上西南急流最大风速达到20m·s^(-1),近地面出现12 m·s^(-1)的东北风,降雪开始加大;近地面东北风减弱,降雪减弱;西南急流消失,近地面层出现偏北风,降雪停止。垂直速度的大小与降雪的强弱一致,降雪越强,速度越大;垂直速度小于0.5 m·s^(-1),降雪停止。大气折射率常数C2n在-144^-120 d B且接地,为降雪时段。降雪越强,C2n越大;C2n小于-144 d B时,降雪停止。垂直速度、折射率结构常数等指标的变化能够反映降雪的开始、发展和结束及降雪的强度,为精细化预报提供参考。展开更多
The refractive index increment, dynamic and static laser light scattering, intrinsic viscosity [η] and Huggins constant （KH） of nylon 12 have been measured in m-cresol and sulphuric acid/water system at 10-60℃. Th...The refractive index increment, dynamic and static laser light scattering, intrinsic viscosity [η] and Huggins constant （KH） of nylon 12 have been measured in m-cresol and sulphuric acid/water system at 10-60℃. The intrinsic viscosity, Rn, Rg, A2, and （〈 S 〉2）^1/2 （calculated from viscosity data） and ＂a＂ values of nylon 12 are found to be higher in m-cresol than in sulphuric acid. All these parameters decrease with the increase in water contents in sulphuric acid. The refractive index increment, KH and activation energy show an opposite trend to that of [η]. The intrinsic viscosity, RH, Rg, A2, and （〈 S 〉2）^1/2 have maximum values around 30-40℃ in sulphuric acid/water system, whereas in m-cresol they fall at about 20℃. It has been concluded that the variation in size, interaction parameter （second virial coefficient）, [η] and KH of the polymer solutions with the alteration in solvent composition and temperature are the out come of change in thermodynamic quality of solvents, selective adsorption, hydrogen bonding and conformational transitions. It has also been concluded that the increase in temperature first enhances the quality of the solvent, encourages hydrogen bonding and specific adsorption, and then deteriorates, bringing conformational transitions in the polymer molecules. However, the addition of water to sulphuric acid continuously deteriorates the solvent quality. This characteristic of the solvent system brings conformational changes in the polymer especially at low temperatures.展开更多
文摘利用常规观测资料和风廓线雷达产品对平顶山市2014年2月5—6日的暴雪天气过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:欧亚地区"两槽一脊"的环流背景下,700 h Pa西南急流、850 h Pa切变线和地面中尺度辐合线是这次暴雪的影响系统。风廓线雷达水平风资料可以清楚地展示暴雪过程风场"天南地北"的垂直结构及其变化特点。2500 m以上出现西南急流,同时720 m以下出现东北风,降雪开始。2500 m以上西南急流最大风速达到20m·s^(-1),近地面出现12 m·s^(-1)的东北风,降雪开始加大;近地面东北风减弱,降雪减弱;西南急流消失,近地面层出现偏北风,降雪停止。垂直速度的大小与降雪的强弱一致,降雪越强,速度越大;垂直速度小于0.5 m·s^(-1),降雪停止。大气折射率常数C2n在-144^-120 d B且接地,为降雪时段。降雪越强,C2n越大;C2n小于-144 d B时,降雪停止。垂直速度、折射率结构常数等指标的变化能够反映降雪的开始、发展和结束及降雪的强度,为精细化预报提供参考。
文摘The refractive index increment, dynamic and static laser light scattering, intrinsic viscosity [η] and Huggins constant （KH） of nylon 12 have been measured in m-cresol and sulphuric acid/water system at 10-60℃. The intrinsic viscosity, Rn, Rg, A2, and （〈 S 〉2）^1/2 （calculated from viscosity data） and ＂a＂ values of nylon 12 are found to be higher in m-cresol than in sulphuric acid. All these parameters decrease with the increase in water contents in sulphuric acid. The refractive index increment, KH and activation energy show an opposite trend to that of [η]. The intrinsic viscosity, RH, Rg, A2, and （〈 S 〉2）^1/2 have maximum values around 30-40℃ in sulphuric acid/water system, whereas in m-cresol they fall at about 20℃. It has been concluded that the variation in size, interaction parameter （second virial coefficient）, [η] and KH of the polymer solutions with the alteration in solvent composition and temperature are the out come of change in thermodynamic quality of solvents, selective adsorption, hydrogen bonding and conformational transitions. It has also been concluded that the increase in temperature first enhances the quality of the solvent, encourages hydrogen bonding and specific adsorption, and then deteriorates, bringing conformational transitions in the polymer molecules. However, the addition of water to sulphuric acid continuously deteriorates the solvent quality. This characteristic of the solvent system brings conformational changes in the polymer especially at low temperatures.
