<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hierarchical porous activated carbon is a superior material in manufacturing supercapacitors. However, the hierarchical porous structure is hard to obtain from a sing...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hierarchical porous activated carbon is a superior material in manufacturing supercapacitors. However, the hierarchical porous structure is hard to obtain from a single activation method. This work was carried out with the anticipa</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of producing activated carbon by reactivating corn flour with KOH. By em</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ploying the electrodes, the supercapacitor demonstrated a high discharge capacitance (151.2 F<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">·</span>g<sup>-1</sup> at 1 A<span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"><span style="font-family:" font-size:13.3333px;white-space:normal;"=""><span class="color-dim" style="box-sizing:border-box;color:#636363;font-family:Montserrat, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " font-size:40px;text-align:center;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">·</span></span><span style="color:#191E3F;font-family:Montserrat, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " font-size:40px;text-align:center;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""></span></span></span>g<span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:10px;white-space:normal;"><sup>-1</sup></span>), and the specific capacitance is with 3.7 times </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">more capacitance than the activated carbon only through H<sub></sub></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sub>3</sub></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PO<sub></sub></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sub>4</sub></span></span></span><span style="font-fa展开更多
The Three Gorges region in China was basically a geohazard-prone area prior to construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR）. After construction of the TGR, the water level was raised from 70 m to 175 m above sea...The Three Gorges region in China was basically a geohazard-prone area prior to construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR）. After construction of the TGR, the water level was raised from 70 m to 175 m above sea level （ASL）, and annual reservoir regulation has caused a 30-m water level difference after impoundment of the TGR since September 2008. This paper first presents the spatiotemporal distribution of landslides in six periods of 175 m ASL trial impoundments from 2008 to 2014. The results show that the number of landslides sharply decreased from 273 at the initial stage to less than ten at the second stage of impoundment. Based on this, the reservoir-induced landslides in the TGR region can be roughly classified into five failure patterns, i.e. accumulation landslide, dip-slope landslide, reversed bedding landslide, rockfall, and karst breccia landslide. The accumulation landslides and dip-slope landslides account for more than 90%. Taking the Shuping accumulation landslide （a sliding mass volume of 20.7 × 106 m^3） in Zigui County and the Outang dip-slope landslide （a sliding mass volume of about 90 × 106 m^3） in Fengjie County as two typical cases, the mechanisms of reactivation of the two landslides are analyzed. The monitoring data and factor of safety （FOS） calculation show that the accumulation landslide is dominated by water level variation in the reservoir as most part of the mass body is under 175 m ASL, and the dip-slope landslide is controlled by the coupling effect of reservoir water level variation and precipitation as an extensive recharge area of rainfall from the rear and the front mass is below 175 m ASL. The characteristics of landslide-induced impulsive wave hazards after and before reservoir impoundment are studied, and the probability of occurrence of a landslide-induced impulsive wave hazard has increased in the reservoir region. Simulation results of the Ganjingzi landslide in Wushan County indicate the strong relationship between landslide-induced surge and wa展开更多
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hierarchical porous activated carbon is a superior material in manufacturing supercapacitors. However, the hierarchical porous structure is hard to obtain from a single activation method. This work was carried out with the anticipa</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of producing activated carbon by reactivating corn flour with KOH. By em</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ploying the electrodes, the supercapacitor demonstrated a high discharge capacitance (151.2 F<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">·</span>g<sup>-1</sup> at 1 A<span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"><span style="font-family:" font-size:13.3333px;white-space:normal;"=""><span class="color-dim" style="box-sizing:border-box;color:#636363;font-family:Montserrat, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " font-size:40px;text-align:center;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">·</span></span><span style="color:#191E3F;font-family:Montserrat, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " font-size:40px;text-align:center;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""></span></span></span>g<span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:10px;white-space:normal;"><sup>-1</sup></span>), and the specific capacitance is with 3.7 times </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">more capacitance than the activated carbon only through H<sub></sub></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sub>3</sub></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PO<sub></sub></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sub>4</sub></span></span></span><span style="font-fa
基金The"Twelfth Five-Year Plan"of the National Science and Technology Support Project(Grant No.2012BAK10B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41372321 and 41502305)China Geological Survey Projects(Grant No.121201009000150018)
文摘The Three Gorges region in China was basically a geohazard-prone area prior to construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR）. After construction of the TGR, the water level was raised from 70 m to 175 m above sea level （ASL）, and annual reservoir regulation has caused a 30-m water level difference after impoundment of the TGR since September 2008. This paper first presents the spatiotemporal distribution of landslides in six periods of 175 m ASL trial impoundments from 2008 to 2014. The results show that the number of landslides sharply decreased from 273 at the initial stage to less than ten at the second stage of impoundment. Based on this, the reservoir-induced landslides in the TGR region can be roughly classified into five failure patterns, i.e. accumulation landslide, dip-slope landslide, reversed bedding landslide, rockfall, and karst breccia landslide. The accumulation landslides and dip-slope landslides account for more than 90%. Taking the Shuping accumulation landslide （a sliding mass volume of 20.7 × 106 m^3） in Zigui County and the Outang dip-slope landslide （a sliding mass volume of about 90 × 106 m^3） in Fengjie County as two typical cases, the mechanisms of reactivation of the two landslides are analyzed. The monitoring data and factor of safety （FOS） calculation show that the accumulation landslide is dominated by water level variation in the reservoir as most part of the mass body is under 175 m ASL, and the dip-slope landslide is controlled by the coupling effect of reservoir water level variation and precipitation as an extensive recharge area of rainfall from the rear and the front mass is below 175 m ASL. The characteristics of landslide-induced impulsive wave hazards after and before reservoir impoundment are studied, and the probability of occurrence of a landslide-induced impulsive wave hazard has increased in the reservoir region. Simulation results of the Ganjingzi landslide in Wushan County indicate the strong relationship between landslide-induced surge and wa
