Molecular subtype classification based on tumor genotype has recently been used for differential diagnosis of breast cancer. The shift from conventional tissue classification to molecular genetics-based classification...Molecular subtype classification based on tumor genotype has recently been used for differential diagnosis of breast cancer. The shift from conventional tissue classification to molecular genetics-based classification is primarily because objective genetic information can ensure a biologically clear classification system and patient groups may be created for a given set of diagnoses and suitable treatments. Given the stressful nature of biopsy, radiomic studies are conducted to determine breast cancer subtypes using non-invasive imaging tests. Minimally invasive blood tests using microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in exosomes have been developed. We investigated the usefulness of radiomic features and miRNAs in distinguishing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) from other cancer types. Fat suppression T2-weighted magnetic resonance images and miRNAs of 60 cases (9 TNBC and 51 others) were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma. Six radiomic features and six miRNAs were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Linear discriminant analysis was employed to distinguish between TNBC and others. With miRNAs, TNBC and others were completely separated, whereas with radiomic features, TNBC overlapped with other types of breast cancer. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve of radiomic features and miRNAs was 0.85 and 1.0, respectively. miRNAs showed a higher discrimination performance than radiomic features. Although gene analysis is expensive and facilities for performing it are limited, miRNAs for blood tests may be useful in artificial intelligence systems for the molecular diagnosis of breast cancer.展开更多
目的利用影像组学与常规磁共振图像对脑胶质瘤进行分级。材料与方法利用BRATS2017公开数据集,自动从图像中的感兴趣区域提取多种特征,包括形态特征、灰度特征、纹理特征等,并运用特征选择方法进行特征选择,最后根据选出的特征对脑胶质...目的利用影像组学与常规磁共振图像对脑胶质瘤进行分级。材料与方法利用BRATS2017公开数据集,自动从图像中的感兴趣区域提取多种特征,包括形态特征、灰度特征、纹理特征等,并运用特征选择方法进行特征选择,最后根据选出的特征对脑胶质瘤的高、低评级进行区分。对支持向量机、决策树与K近邻法等3种分类方法进行比较,也比较了基于遗传算法的包装方法和过滤方法这两种特征选择算法。结果采用过滤方法进行特征选择,支持向量机方法具有最高的准确率91.93%,受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,AUC)值为0.90。进一步采用遗传算法进行特征选择,准确率提升至93.33%,AUC值为0.94。结论基于常规磁共振图像,利用影像组学方法,选择合适的特征组合,可以对脑胶质瘤进行自动分级。展开更多
Modern medicine is reliant on various medical imaging technologies for non-invasively observing patients’anatomy.However,the interpretation of medical images can be highly subjective and dependent on the expertise of...Modern medicine is reliant on various medical imaging technologies for non-invasively observing patients’anatomy.However,the interpretation of medical images can be highly subjective and dependent on the expertise of clinicians.Moreover,some potentially useful quantitative information in medical images,especially that which is not visible to the naked eye,is often ignored during clinical practice.In contrast,radiomics performs high-throughput feature extraction from medical images,which enables quantitative analysis of medical images and prediction of various clinical endpoints.Studies have reported that radiomics exhibits promising performance in diagnosis and predicting treatment responses and prognosis,demonstrating its potential to be a non-invasive auxiliary tool for personalized medicine.However,radiomics remains in a developmental phase as numerous technical challenges have yet to be solved,especially in feature engineering and statistical modeling.In this review,we introduce the current utility of radiomics by summarizing research on its application in the diagnosis,prognosis,and prediction of treatment responses in patients with cancer.We focus on machine learning approaches,for feature extraction and selection during feature engineering and for imbalanced datasets and multi-modality fusion during statistical modeling.Furthermore,we introduce the stability,reproducibility,and interpretability of features,and the generalizability and interpretability of models.Finally,we offer possible solutions to current challenges in radiomics research.展开更多
文摘Molecular subtype classification based on tumor genotype has recently been used for differential diagnosis of breast cancer. The shift from conventional tissue classification to molecular genetics-based classification is primarily because objective genetic information can ensure a biologically clear classification system and patient groups may be created for a given set of diagnoses and suitable treatments. Given the stressful nature of biopsy, radiomic studies are conducted to determine breast cancer subtypes using non-invasive imaging tests. Minimally invasive blood tests using microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in exosomes have been developed. We investigated the usefulness of radiomic features and miRNAs in distinguishing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) from other cancer types. Fat suppression T2-weighted magnetic resonance images and miRNAs of 60 cases (9 TNBC and 51 others) were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma. Six radiomic features and six miRNAs were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Linear discriminant analysis was employed to distinguish between TNBC and others. With miRNAs, TNBC and others were completely separated, whereas with radiomic features, TNBC overlapped with other types of breast cancer. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve of radiomic features and miRNAs was 0.85 and 1.0, respectively. miRNAs showed a higher discrimination performance than radiomic features. Although gene analysis is expensive and facilities for performing it are limited, miRNAs for blood tests may be useful in artificial intelligence systems for the molecular diagnosis of breast cancer.
文摘目的利用影像组学与常规磁共振图像对脑胶质瘤进行分级。材料与方法利用BRATS2017公开数据集,自动从图像中的感兴趣区域提取多种特征,包括形态特征、灰度特征、纹理特征等,并运用特征选择方法进行特征选择,最后根据选出的特征对脑胶质瘤的高、低评级进行区分。对支持向量机、决策树与K近邻法等3种分类方法进行比较,也比较了基于遗传算法的包装方法和过滤方法这两种特征选择算法。结果采用过滤方法进行特征选择,支持向量机方法具有最高的准确率91.93%,受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,AUC)值为0.90。进一步采用遗传算法进行特征选择,准确率提升至93.33%,AUC值为0.94。结论基于常规磁共振图像,利用影像组学方法,选择合适的特征组合,可以对脑胶质瘤进行自动分级。
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072019)the Shenzhen Basic Research Program(JCYJ20210324130209023)+5 种基金the Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao S&T Program(Category C)(SGDX20201103095002019)the Mainland-Hong Kong Joint Funding Scheme(MHKJFS)(MHP/005/20),the Project of Strategic Importance Fund(P0035421)the Projects of RISA(P0043001)from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20201441)the Provincial and Ministry Co-constructed Project of Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research(SBGJ202103038,SBGJ202102056)the Henan Province Key R&D and Promotion Project(Science and Technology Research)(222102310015)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(222300420575),and the Henan Province Science and Technology Research(222102310322).
文摘Modern medicine is reliant on various medical imaging technologies for non-invasively observing patients’anatomy.However,the interpretation of medical images can be highly subjective and dependent on the expertise of clinicians.Moreover,some potentially useful quantitative information in medical images,especially that which is not visible to the naked eye,is often ignored during clinical practice.In contrast,radiomics performs high-throughput feature extraction from medical images,which enables quantitative analysis of medical images and prediction of various clinical endpoints.Studies have reported that radiomics exhibits promising performance in diagnosis and predicting treatment responses and prognosis,demonstrating its potential to be a non-invasive auxiliary tool for personalized medicine.However,radiomics remains in a developmental phase as numerous technical challenges have yet to be solved,especially in feature engineering and statistical modeling.In this review,we introduce the current utility of radiomics by summarizing research on its application in the diagnosis,prognosis,and prediction of treatment responses in patients with cancer.We focus on machine learning approaches,for feature extraction and selection during feature engineering and for imbalanced datasets and multi-modality fusion during statistical modeling.Furthermore,we introduce the stability,reproducibility,and interpretability of features,and the generalizability and interpretability of models.Finally,we offer possible solutions to current challenges in radiomics research.
