将传感器接收到的信号TOAS(the top of the atmosphere signals)转换成反映地表目标特性的反射信号是遥感信息定量化的关键环节之一。在假定大气干扰已经被排除的条件下,由于像元之间“邻近效应”的存在,被观测目标像元的反射信号(DN值...将传感器接收到的信号TOAS(the top of the atmosphere signals)转换成反映地表目标特性的反射信号是遥感信息定量化的关键环节之一。在假定大气干扰已经被排除的条件下,由于像元之间“邻近效应”的存在,被观测目标像元的反射信号(DN值中)包含了背景地物像元散射的贡献。这种贡献的大小与背景像元的反射率值大小成正比,同时与距离目标像元的远近相关。据Carder(1995),Christtopher(1998)等的研究结果,当空间分辨率大于250 m时, “邻近效应”的影响作用超过混合像元影响作用。随着卫星遥感空间分辨率和应用遥感信息定量化程度要求的提高,“邻近效应”及其校正已经开始受到遥感界的重视。近来,我们在国家自然科学基金的支持下,开展这方面的工作。介绍了我们选择北京地区Landsat5 TM数据为例,利用辐射传输模型原理,对影像中存在的“邻近效应”进行了分析和校正,试图理解“邻近效应”的一般影响特征。展开更多
为了提高无人机遥感对冬小麦叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)反演模型的精度与泛化能力,该研究利用无人机搭载多光谱相机获取不同氮素处理和不同复种方式的冬小麦生长实测数据,结合PROSAIL辐射传输模型生成包含机理信息的模拟数据,基...为了提高无人机遥感对冬小麦叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)反演模型的精度与泛化能力,该研究利用无人机搭载多光谱相机获取不同氮素处理和不同复种方式的冬小麦生长实测数据,结合PROSAIL辐射传输模型生成包含机理信息的模拟数据,基于不同组合方式建立了5种LAI反演混合数据集,结合多种机器学习方法,以期构建经验与机理相结合的LAI高精度反演模型。由于LAI反演受近红外波段(near infrared,NIR)反射率影响大,该研究筛选7种与NIR波段相关的植被指数提取冬小麦光谱特征,构建与混合数据集LAI的相关系数矩阵,进一步探究不同光谱特征对冬小麦LAI的影响程度。在此基础上,采用具有代表性和普适性的4种机器学习方法,即贝叶斯岭回归模型、线性回归模型、弹性网络模型和支持向量回归模型,构建不同冬小麦LAI反演模型,用以评估基于半经验半机理数据反演冬小麦LAI的可行性,进一步探索其对不同氮素水平和复种方式的冬小麦长势评估能力。结果表明:1)筛选的与NIR波段相关的植被指数与冬小麦LAI之间存在较强的相关性,其中归一化差异植被指数、增强植被指数、归一化差异红边指数、比值植被指数、红边叶绿素植被指数、土壤调节植被指数与LAI呈正相关,结构不敏感色素植被指数与LAI呈负相关;2)辐射传输模型中体现了冬小麦LAI影响太阳光线传播的机理,结果表明,与实测数据混合建立的模型,具有较强的鲁棒性和泛化能力。相比于其他3种模型,支持向量回归模型在各种数据组合下均取得了较好的LAI预测性能,在C1、C2、C3、C4这4种训练-测试组合的训练集中R^(2)依次为0.86、0.87、0.88、0.91,RMSE依次为0.47、0.45、0.45、0.41;在测试集的R^(2)依次为0.85、0.19、0.89、0.87,RMSE依次为0.45、1.31、0.49、0.50;3)使用支持向量机生成试验区LAI反演图,对4种氮素水平和2种复种方式的冬小�展开更多
高分二号卫星的成功发射,标志着我国遥感卫星进入了亚米级高空间分辨率时代,遥感影像在定量反演,地物识别和变化分析等领域将有重要作用。大气校正的精度是影响其定量化应用的重要因素。由于高分二号遥感数据缺乏短波红外波段,无法采用...高分二号卫星的成功发射,标志着我国遥感卫星进入了亚米级高空间分辨率时代,遥感影像在定量反演,地物识别和变化分析等领域将有重要作用。大气校正的精度是影响其定量化应用的重要因素。由于高分二号遥感数据缺乏短波红外波段,无法采用暗像元法进行大气校正。提出一种基于辐射传输模型的高分二号影像大气校正方法,利用6S(second simulation of the satellite signal in the solar spectrum)辐射传输模型建立大气校正系数查找表,利用同步MODIS影像数据结合改进后的暗像元方法反演气溶胶光学厚度,确定大气校正系数,消除高分二号影像大气分子和气溶胶等的吸收和散射的影响,实现GF-2数据的大气校正。选取地表平坦均一的敦煌辐射校正场作为实验区,通过同步的实测数据对校正结果进行精度评价,并且比较大气校正前后归一化植被指数NDVI。结果表明:最小相对误差仅为0.9%,大气校正之后影像数据更真实地反映了地物的反射特性;大气校正后的NDVI大大增强了植被信息反差,突出了GF-2卫星传感器的植被信息区分能力。展开更多
Focusing on three dust storms occurring in spring 2001,we developed a detailed aerosol parameterization scheme and integrated it in a radiative transfer model to characterize possible impacts of solar altitude angle o...Focusing on three dust storms occurring in spring 2001,we developed a detailed aerosol parameterization scheme and integrated it in a radiative transfer model to characterize possible impacts of solar altitude angle on dust direct radiative effects over China desert regions and the North Pacific,using actual daily solar altitude angles.Increasing solar altitude angle from early spring (or winter) to late spring (or summer) leads to increase of positive clear sky radiative forcing,and decrease of negative radiative forcing due to dust aerosols at the top of the atmosphere.Because solar altitude angle increases from early to late spring,dust-clear sky radiative forcing may change from negative to positive at the top of atmosphere,showing a change from cooling to heating of the earth-atmosphere system over high-albedo deserts and nearby regions.Over low-albedo ocean negative clear sky radiative forcing by dust may decrease,suggesting a change from strong to weak cooling on the earth-atmosphere system.The impacts of solar altitude angle on cloudy sky radiative forcing due to dust are similar to those of clear sky.Impacts of low cloud on dust radiative forcing are the same as increasing surface albedo.This causes the transition of dust cooling effects into heating effects over deserts to occur earlier,and causes decrease of negative radiative forcing over the ocean and even cause a change from weak negative radiative forcing to weak positive forcing over local areas.Even in the same East Asian desert regions and nearby areas,the strength and sign of the radiative forcings depend on storm dates and thus solar altitude angle.The nearer to early spring (or winter) a dust storm occurs,the easier it leads to negative radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere,which indicates cooling effects on the earth-atmosphere system.In contrast,the nearer to late spring (or summer) a dust storm occurs,the easier it leads to positive radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere,showing heating effects.Over East Asian deserts and nearby r展开更多
文摘将传感器接收到的信号TOAS(the top of the atmosphere signals)转换成反映地表目标特性的反射信号是遥感信息定量化的关键环节之一。在假定大气干扰已经被排除的条件下,由于像元之间“邻近效应”的存在,被观测目标像元的反射信号(DN值中)包含了背景地物像元散射的贡献。这种贡献的大小与背景像元的反射率值大小成正比,同时与距离目标像元的远近相关。据Carder(1995),Christtopher(1998)等的研究结果,当空间分辨率大于250 m时, “邻近效应”的影响作用超过混合像元影响作用。随着卫星遥感空间分辨率和应用遥感信息定量化程度要求的提高,“邻近效应”及其校正已经开始受到遥感界的重视。近来,我们在国家自然科学基金的支持下,开展这方面的工作。介绍了我们选择北京地区Landsat5 TM数据为例,利用辐射传输模型原理,对影像中存在的“邻近效应”进行了分析和校正,试图理解“邻近效应”的一般影响特征。
文摘为了提高无人机遥感对冬小麦叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)反演模型的精度与泛化能力,该研究利用无人机搭载多光谱相机获取不同氮素处理和不同复种方式的冬小麦生长实测数据,结合PROSAIL辐射传输模型生成包含机理信息的模拟数据,基于不同组合方式建立了5种LAI反演混合数据集,结合多种机器学习方法,以期构建经验与机理相结合的LAI高精度反演模型。由于LAI反演受近红外波段(near infrared,NIR)反射率影响大,该研究筛选7种与NIR波段相关的植被指数提取冬小麦光谱特征,构建与混合数据集LAI的相关系数矩阵,进一步探究不同光谱特征对冬小麦LAI的影响程度。在此基础上,采用具有代表性和普适性的4种机器学习方法,即贝叶斯岭回归模型、线性回归模型、弹性网络模型和支持向量回归模型,构建不同冬小麦LAI反演模型,用以评估基于半经验半机理数据反演冬小麦LAI的可行性,进一步探索其对不同氮素水平和复种方式的冬小麦长势评估能力。结果表明:1)筛选的与NIR波段相关的植被指数与冬小麦LAI之间存在较强的相关性,其中归一化差异植被指数、增强植被指数、归一化差异红边指数、比值植被指数、红边叶绿素植被指数、土壤调节植被指数与LAI呈正相关,结构不敏感色素植被指数与LAI呈负相关;2)辐射传输模型中体现了冬小麦LAI影响太阳光线传播的机理,结果表明,与实测数据混合建立的模型,具有较强的鲁棒性和泛化能力。相比于其他3种模型,支持向量回归模型在各种数据组合下均取得了较好的LAI预测性能,在C1、C2、C3、C4这4种训练-测试组合的训练集中R^(2)依次为0.86、0.87、0.88、0.91,RMSE依次为0.47、0.45、0.45、0.41;在测试集的R^(2)依次为0.85、0.19、0.89、0.87,RMSE依次为0.45、1.31、0.49、0.50;3)使用支持向量机生成试验区LAI反演图,对4种氮素水平和2种复种方式的冬小�
文摘高分二号卫星的成功发射,标志着我国遥感卫星进入了亚米级高空间分辨率时代,遥感影像在定量反演,地物识别和变化分析等领域将有重要作用。大气校正的精度是影响其定量化应用的重要因素。由于高分二号遥感数据缺乏短波红外波段,无法采用暗像元法进行大气校正。提出一种基于辐射传输模型的高分二号影像大气校正方法,利用6S(second simulation of the satellite signal in the solar spectrum)辐射传输模型建立大气校正系数查找表,利用同步MODIS影像数据结合改进后的暗像元方法反演气溶胶光学厚度,确定大气校正系数,消除高分二号影像大气分子和气溶胶等的吸收和散射的影响,实现GF-2数据的大气校正。选取地表平坦均一的敦煌辐射校正场作为实验区,通过同步的实测数据对校正结果进行精度评价,并且比较大气校正前后归一化植被指数NDVI。结果表明:最小相对误差仅为0.9%,大气校正之后影像数据更真实地反映了地物的反射特性;大气校正后的NDVI大大增强了植被信息反差,突出了GF-2卫星传感器的植被信息区分能力。
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research & Development Program of China(2008BAC40B02)the Key Project of the Basic Research and Work Funding of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2009z001)+1 种基金the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation(GYHY200706036)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40775063)
文摘Focusing on three dust storms occurring in spring 2001,we developed a detailed aerosol parameterization scheme and integrated it in a radiative transfer model to characterize possible impacts of solar altitude angle on dust direct radiative effects over China desert regions and the North Pacific,using actual daily solar altitude angles.Increasing solar altitude angle from early spring (or winter) to late spring (or summer) leads to increase of positive clear sky radiative forcing,and decrease of negative radiative forcing due to dust aerosols at the top of the atmosphere.Because solar altitude angle increases from early to late spring,dust-clear sky radiative forcing may change from negative to positive at the top of atmosphere,showing a change from cooling to heating of the earth-atmosphere system over high-albedo deserts and nearby regions.Over low-albedo ocean negative clear sky radiative forcing by dust may decrease,suggesting a change from strong to weak cooling on the earth-atmosphere system.The impacts of solar altitude angle on cloudy sky radiative forcing due to dust are similar to those of clear sky.Impacts of low cloud on dust radiative forcing are the same as increasing surface albedo.This causes the transition of dust cooling effects into heating effects over deserts to occur earlier,and causes decrease of negative radiative forcing over the ocean and even cause a change from weak negative radiative forcing to weak positive forcing over local areas.Even in the same East Asian desert regions and nearby areas,the strength and sign of the radiative forcings depend on storm dates and thus solar altitude angle.The nearer to early spring (or winter) a dust storm occurs,the easier it leads to negative radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere,which indicates cooling effects on the earth-atmosphere system.In contrast,the nearer to late spring (or summer) a dust storm occurs,the easier it leads to positive radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere,showing heating effects.Over East Asian deserts and nearby r
