Since the frst pair of BeiDou satellites was deployed in 2000,China has made continuous eforts to establish its own independent BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)to provide the regional radio determination satell...Since the frst pair of BeiDou satellites was deployed in 2000,China has made continuous eforts to establish its own independent BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)to provide the regional radio determination satellite service as well as regional and global radio navigation satellite services,which rely on the high quality of orbit and clock products.This article summarizes the achievements in the precise orbit determination(POD)of BDS satellites in the past decade with the focus on observation and orbit dynamic models.First,the disclosed metadata of BDS satellites is presented and the contribution to BDS POD is addressed.The complete optical properties of the satellite bus as well as solar panels are derived based on the absorbed parameters as well the material properties.Secondly,the status and tracking capabilities of the L-band data from accessible ground networks are presented,while some low earth orbiter satellites with onboard BDS tracking capability are listed.The topological structure and measurement scheme of BDS Inter-Satellite-Link(ISL)data are described.After highlighting the progress on observation models as well as orbit perturbations for BDS,e.g.,phase center corrections,satellite attitude,and solar radiation pressure,diferent POD strategies used for BDS are summarized.In addition,the urgent requirement for error modeling of the ISL data is emphasized based on the analysis of the observation noises,and the incompatible characteristics of orbit and clock derived with L-band and ISL data are illuminated and discussed.The further researches on the improvement of phase center calibration and orbit dynamic models,the refnement of ISL observation models,and the potential contribution of BDS to the estimation of geodetic parameters based on L-band or ISL data are identifed.With this,it is promising that BDS can achieve better performance and provides vital contributions to the geodesy and navigation.展开更多
采用中尺度气象模式WRF(Weather Research Forecast)对北京地区的太阳辐射进行了4个典型月的逐时预报试验,用南郊观象台的辐射观测数据对预报结果进行了对比分析和初步订正试验。结果表明:在现有模式条件下,5 km分辨率的短波辐射预报结...采用中尺度气象模式WRF(Weather Research Forecast)对北京地区的太阳辐射进行了4个典型月的逐时预报试验,用南郊观象台的辐射观测数据对预报结果进行了对比分析和初步订正试验。结果表明:在现有模式条件下,5 km分辨率的短波辐射预报结果和1 km分辨率预报结果无明显差别;WRF模式对太阳辐射的预报性能在晴天较好,多云天次之,在满云或阴雨天最差;通过误差分解发现,位相偏差、系统偏差及振幅偏差在各月对均方根误差的贡献有明显差异;针对模式预报结果的系统偏差和振幅偏差。经过简单的线性订正可以较明显地改进模式预报结果;双偏订正(DBC)法比线性回归(LR)法对预报误差的改进效果略明显;仅通过简单的线性订正,位相差很难消除,需要针对位相差研究新的订正方法。展开更多
The estimation of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)is important for the Earth’s energy budget and climate change studies.This review was organised from the perspectives of satellite sensors,algorithms and fu...The estimation of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)is important for the Earth’s energy budget and climate change studies.This review was organised from the perspectives of satellite sensors,algorithms and future trends,retrospects and summaries of the satellite-based retrieval methods of DSSR that have been developed over the past 10 years.The shortwave radiation reaching the Earth’s surface is affected by both atmospheric and land surface parameters.In recent years,studies have given detailed considerations to the factors which affect DSSR.It is important to improve the retrieval accuracy of cloud microphysical parameters and aerosols and to reduce the uncertainties caused by complex topographies and high-albedo surfaces(such as snow-covered areas)on DSSR estimation.This review classified DSSR retrieval methods into four categories:empirical,parameterisation,look-up table and machine-learning methods,and evaluated their advantages,disadvantages and accuracy.Further efforts are needed to improve the calculation accuracy of atmospheric parameters such as cloud,haze,water vapor and other land surface parameters such as albedo of complex terrain and bright surface,organically combine machine learning and other methods,use the new-generation geostationary satellite and polar orbit satellite data to produce highresolution DSSR products,and promote the application of radiation products in hydrological and climate models.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41974035,42030109)Yong Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2018QNRC001).
文摘Since the frst pair of BeiDou satellites was deployed in 2000,China has made continuous eforts to establish its own independent BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)to provide the regional radio determination satellite service as well as regional and global radio navigation satellite services,which rely on the high quality of orbit and clock products.This article summarizes the achievements in the precise orbit determination(POD)of BDS satellites in the past decade with the focus on observation and orbit dynamic models.First,the disclosed metadata of BDS satellites is presented and the contribution to BDS POD is addressed.The complete optical properties of the satellite bus as well as solar panels are derived based on the absorbed parameters as well the material properties.Secondly,the status and tracking capabilities of the L-band data from accessible ground networks are presented,while some low earth orbiter satellites with onboard BDS tracking capability are listed.The topological structure and measurement scheme of BDS Inter-Satellite-Link(ISL)data are described.After highlighting the progress on observation models as well as orbit perturbations for BDS,e.g.,phase center corrections,satellite attitude,and solar radiation pressure,diferent POD strategies used for BDS are summarized.In addition,the urgent requirement for error modeling of the ISL data is emphasized based on the analysis of the observation noises,and the incompatible characteristics of orbit and clock derived with L-band and ISL data are illuminated and discussed.The further researches on the improvement of phase center calibration and orbit dynamic models,the refnement of ISL observation models,and the potential contribution of BDS to the estimation of geodetic parameters based on L-band or ISL data are identifed.With this,it is promising that BDS can achieve better performance and provides vital contributions to the geodesy and navigation.
文摘采用中尺度气象模式WRF(Weather Research Forecast)对北京地区的太阳辐射进行了4个典型月的逐时预报试验,用南郊观象台的辐射观测数据对预报结果进行了对比分析和初步订正试验。结果表明:在现有模式条件下,5 km分辨率的短波辐射预报结果和1 km分辨率预报结果无明显差别;WRF模式对太阳辐射的预报性能在晴天较好,多云天次之,在满云或阴雨天最差;通过误差分解发现,位相偏差、系统偏差及振幅偏差在各月对均方根误差的贡献有明显差异;针对模式预报结果的系统偏差和振幅偏差。经过简单的线性订正可以较明显地改进模式预报结果;双偏订正(DBC)法比线性回归(LR)法对预报误差的改进效果略明显;仅通过简单的线性订正,位相差很难消除,需要针对位相差研究新的订正方法。
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(Grant No.2019QZKK0206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41771395)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA20100300)。
文摘The estimation of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)is important for the Earth’s energy budget and climate change studies.This review was organised from the perspectives of satellite sensors,algorithms and future trends,retrospects and summaries of the satellite-based retrieval methods of DSSR that have been developed over the past 10 years.The shortwave radiation reaching the Earth’s surface is affected by both atmospheric and land surface parameters.In recent years,studies have given detailed considerations to the factors which affect DSSR.It is important to improve the retrieval accuracy of cloud microphysical parameters and aerosols and to reduce the uncertainties caused by complex topographies and high-albedo surfaces(such as snow-covered areas)on DSSR estimation.This review classified DSSR retrieval methods into four categories:empirical,parameterisation,look-up table and machine-learning methods,and evaluated their advantages,disadvantages and accuracy.Further efforts are needed to improve the calculation accuracy of atmospheric parameters such as cloud,haze,water vapor and other land surface parameters such as albedo of complex terrain and bright surface,organically combine machine learning and other methods,use the new-generation geostationary satellite and polar orbit satellite data to produce highresolution DSSR products,and promote the application of radiation products in hydrological and climate models.
