Stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)has a locacontrol rate of 95%at 2 years for non-small cell lungcancer(NSCLC)and should improve the prognosis oinoperable patients,elderly patients,and patients withsignificant ...Stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)has a locacontrol rate of 95%at 2 years for non-small cell lungcancer(NSCLC)and should improve the prognosis oinoperable patients,elderly patients,and patients withsignificant comorbidities who have early-stage NSCLCThe safety of SBRT is being confirmed in internationalmulti-institutional PhaseⅡtrials for peripheral lungcancer in both inoperable and operable patients,bureports so far have found that SBRT is a safe and effective treatment for early-stage NSCLC and early metastatic lung cancer.Radiation pneumonitis(RP)is oneof the most common toxicities of SBRT.Although mospost-treatment RP is Grade 1 or 2 and either asymptomatic or manageable,a few cases are severe,symptomatic,and there is a risk for mortality.The reportedrates of symptomatic RP after SBRT range from 9%to28%.Being able to predict the risk of RP after SBRT isextremely useful in treatment planning.A dose-effecrelationship has been demonstrated,but suggesteddose-volume factors like mean lung dose,lung V20and/or lung V2.5 differed among the reports.We foundthat patients who present with an interstitial pneumo-nitis shadow on computed tomography scan and high levels of serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 and surfactant protein D have a high rate of severe radiation pneumo-nitis after SBRT.At our institution,lung cancer patients with these risk factors have not received SBRT since 2006,and our rate of severe RP after SBRT has de-creased significantly since then.展开更多
Geostationary(GEO) satellites form an indispensable component of the constellation of Beidou navigation system(BDS). The ephemerides, or predicted orbits of these GEO satellites(GEOs), are broadcast to positioning, na...Geostationary(GEO) satellites form an indispensable component of the constellation of Beidou navigation system(BDS). The ephemerides, or predicted orbits of these GEO satellites(GEOs), are broadcast to positioning, navigation, and timing users. User equivalent ranging error(UERE) based on broadcast message is better than 1.5 m(root formal errors: RMS) for GEO satellites. However, monitoring of UERE indicates that the orbital prediction precision is significantly degraded when the Sun is close to the Earth's equatorial plane(or near spring or autumn Equinox). Error source analysis shows that the complicated solar radiation pressure on satellite buses and the simple box-wing model maybe the major contributor to the deterioration of orbital precision. With the aid of BDS' two-way frequency and time transfer between the GEOs and Beidou time(BDT, that is maintained at the master control station), we propose a new orbit determination strategy, namely three-step approach of the multi-satellite precise orbit determination(MPOD). Pseudo-range(carrier phase) data are transformed to geometric range(biased geometric range) data without clock offsets; and reasonable empirical acceleration parameters are estimated along with orbital elements to account for the error in solar radiation pressure modeling. Experiments with Beidou data show that using the proposed approach, the GEOs' UERE when near the autumn Equinox of 2012 can be improved to 1.3 m from 2.5 m(RMS), and the probability of user equivalent range error(UERE)<2.0 m can be improved from 50% to above 85%.展开更多
This paper investigated radiation heat transfer and temperature distributions of solar thermochemical reactor for syngas production using the finite volume discrete ordinate method （fvDOM） and P1 approximation for r...This paper investigated radiation heat transfer and temperature distributions of solar thermochemical reactor for syngas production using the finite volume discrete ordinate method （fvDOM） and P1 approximation for radiation heat transfer. Different parameters including absorptivity, emissivity, reflection based radiation scatter- ing, and carrier gas flow inlet velocity that would greatly affect the reactor thermal performance were sufficiently investigated. The fvDOM approximation was used to obtain the radiation intensity distribution along the reactor. The drop in the temperature resulted from the radiation scattering was further investigated using the P1 approx- imation. The results indicated that the reactor temperature difference between the P1 approximation and the fvDOM radiation model was very close under different operating conditions. However, a big temperature difference which increased with an increase in the radiation emissivity due to the thermal non-equilibrium was observed in the radiation inlet region. It was found that the incident radiation flux distribution had a strong impact on the temperature distribution throughout the reactor. This paper revealed that the temperature drop caused by the boundary radiation heat loss should not be neglected for the thermal performance analysis of solar thermochemical reactor.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To explore the role and mechanism of a radiation protection cream(Rp) in the treatment of radiation dermatitis, and to accumulate necessary technical information for a new drug report on Rp.METHODS: High-pe...OBJECTIVE: To explore the role and mechanism of a radiation protection cream(Rp) in the treatment of radiation dermatitis, and to accumulate necessary technical information for a new drug report on Rp.METHODS: High-performance liquid chromatography was used to establish the method of measuring the main effective ingredients of sovereign and adjuvant herbs of Rp drugs, and to formulate the draft quality standards of Rp. A total of 48Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into the Model,Trolamine cream(Tc), Rp and Blank groups according to a random number table method.The skin of each rat's buttocks was irradiated using an electron linear accelerator to establish an acute radiation dermatitis model. The histological changes were observed under light microscopy and electron microscopy during wound healing and the effect of Rp on rat fibroblast Ku70/80 gene expression was detected at the transcriptional level.RESULTS: Pathological examination revealed that Rp protected the cellular and subcellular structures of skin after irradiation, promoting the proliferation and restoration of collagen fibers. Ku70/80 mRNA expression levels in the Rp and Tc groups were higher than that in the model group(P<0.05).Moreover,The majority of grade radiation dermatitis relative to the Model, Rp and Tc groups for reducing grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ dermatitis efficiency were 85.7%and 69.2%(P<0.05), respectively.The efficacy of Rp group in treating radiation dermatitis was better than the Trolamine cream group by16.5%(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with Tc, Rp had certain advantages in the efficacy and performance to price ratio.Thus, Rp is considered an effective alternative formulation for the prevention and treatment of radiation dermatitis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of a decoction of Fuzhengzengxiao formula on lung adenocarcinoma regarding the inflammatory protein S100A9 known to enhance cancer cell sensitivity.METHODS: A nude mouse model of human ...OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of a decoction of Fuzhengzengxiao formula on lung adenocarcinoma regarding the inflammatory protein S100A9 known to enhance cancer cell sensitivity.METHODS: A nude mouse model of human lung adenocarcinoma was established. The mice were randomly divided into four groups using the random number table method: Group Ⅰ, control;Group Ⅱ, treatment with a decoction of the Fuzhengzengxiao formula alone; Group Ⅲ, treatment with radiotherapy alone; and Group Ⅳ, treatment with radiotherapy plus a decoction of Fuzhengzengxiao formula. When the tumor body was 1 cm^3 in diameter, the tumor bearing mice in GroupsⅢ and Ⅳ were irradiated at a single dose of 10 Gy and the tumor inhibition rate was evaluated.The expression of S100A9 was determined using Western blotting and q-PCR(Real-time Quantitative PCR Detecting System). The sensitivity of cells containing RNAi S100A9 to radiotherapy was evaluated using the Click multiple target model,and the cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry.RESULTS: Relative to the control group,the expression of S100A9 in the tumors in each treatment group was decreased,especially in Group Ⅳ. The sensitizing enhancement ratio(SER) Dq was >1 after RNAi S100A9; it decreased the surviving fraction after a 2 Gy dose exposure,and also the D_0 and Dq of the tumor cells; in addition, the radiosensitivity of G_2/M cells was significantly increased.CONCLUSION: The decoction of the Fuzhengzengxiao formula downregulated the expression of S100A9 in lung adenocarcinoma cells.展开更多
The present work analyzes the effect of aerosols on the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over Shangdianzi in Beijing.A one-dimensional ABL model and a radiative transfer scheme are incorporated to dev...The present work analyzes the effect of aerosols on the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over Shangdianzi in Beijing.A one-dimensional ABL model and a radiative transfer scheme are incorporated to develop the structure of the ABL.The diurnal variation of the atmospheric radiative budget,atmospheric heating rate,sensible and latent heat fluxes,surface and the 2 m air temperatures as well as the ABL height,and its perturbations due to the aerosols with different single-scattering albedo (SSA) are studied by comparing the aerosol-laden atmosphere to the clean atmosphere.The results show that the absorbing aerosols cause less reduction in surface evaporation relative to that by scatting aerosols,and both surface temperature and 2 m temperature decrease from the clean atmosphere to the aerosol-laden atmosphere.The greater the aerosol absorption,the more stable the surface layer.After 12:00 am,the 2 m temperature increases for strong absorption aerosols.In the meantime,there is a slight decrease in the 2 m temperature for purely scattering aerosols due to radiative cooling.The purely scattering aerosols decrease the ABL temperature and enhance the capping inversion,further reducing the ABL height.展开更多
Objective:Patient-reported health-related quality-of-life(HRQOL)measures can provide guidance for treatment decision making,symptom management,and discharge planning.HRQOL is often influenced by the distress experienc...Objective:Patient-reported health-related quality-of-life(HRQOL)measures can provide guidance for treatment decision making,symptom management,and discharge planning.HRQOL is often influenced by the distress experienced by patients from disease or treatment-related symp-toms.This study aimed to identify symptoms that can predict changes in HRQOL in men undergo-ing external beam radiation therapy(EBRT)for nonmetastatic prostate cancer(NMPC).Methods:Fifty-one men with NMPC scheduled for EBRT were assessed at the baseline,at the midpoint of EBRT,and at the end of EBRT.All participants received 38-42 daily doses of EBRT(five times a week),depending on the stage of their disease.Validated questionnaires were administered to evaluate depressive symptoms,urinary and sexual functions,bowel issues,symp-tom-related distress,fatigue,and HRQOL.Pearson correlations,repeated-measures ANOVA,and multiple regressions examined the relationships among variables.Results:Intensification of symptoms and increased symptom-related distress,with a corre-sponding decline in HRQOL,were observed during EBRT in men with NMPC.Changes in symp-toms and symptom distress were associated with changes in HRQOL at the midpoint of EBRT(r=-0.37 to-0.6,P=0.05)and at the end of EBRT(r=-0.3 to-0.47,P=0.01)compared with the baseline.The regression model comprising age,body mass index,Gleason score,T category,androgen-deprivation therapy use,radiation dose received,symptoms(urinary/sexual/bowel prob-lems,fatigue),and overall symptom distress explained 70%of the variance in predicting HRQOL.Urinary problems and fatigue significantly predicted the decline in HRQOL during EBRT.Conclusion:Identifying specific symptoms that can influence HRQOL during EBRT for NMPC can provide feasible interventional targets to improve treatment outcomes.展开更多
文摘Stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)has a locacontrol rate of 95%at 2 years for non-small cell lungcancer(NSCLC)and should improve the prognosis oinoperable patients,elderly patients,and patients withsignificant comorbidities who have early-stage NSCLCThe safety of SBRT is being confirmed in internationalmulti-institutional PhaseⅡtrials for peripheral lungcancer in both inoperable and operable patients,bureports so far have found that SBRT is a safe and effective treatment for early-stage NSCLC and early metastatic lung cancer.Radiation pneumonitis(RP)is oneof the most common toxicities of SBRT.Although mospost-treatment RP is Grade 1 or 2 and either asymptomatic or manageable,a few cases are severe,symptomatic,and there is a risk for mortality.The reportedrates of symptomatic RP after SBRT range from 9%to28%.Being able to predict the risk of RP after SBRT isextremely useful in treatment planning.A dose-effecrelationship has been demonstrated,but suggesteddose-volume factors like mean lung dose,lung V20and/or lung V2.5 differed among the reports.We foundthat patients who present with an interstitial pneumo-nitis shadow on computed tomography scan and high levels of serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 and surfactant protein D have a high rate of severe radiation pneumo-nitis after SBRT.At our institution,lung cancer patients with these risk factors have not received SBRT since 2006,and our rate of severe RP after SBRT has de-creased significantly since then.
基金Supported by Shantou University Medical College Clinical Research Enhancement Initiative,and Research and Travel Grants from the Science and Technology Key Project of Shantou City,China,2012,No.2012-165-131
文摘AIM: To establish the feasibility of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) in esophageal cancer (EC).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11033004,41204022 and 41204023)the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Position Techniques(Grant Nos.12DZ2273300 and 13DZ2273300)Surveying and Mapping Basic Research Program of National Administration of Surveying,Mapping and Geoinformation(Grant No.2013-01-06)
文摘Geostationary(GEO) satellites form an indispensable component of the constellation of Beidou navigation system(BDS). The ephemerides, or predicted orbits of these GEO satellites(GEOs), are broadcast to positioning, navigation, and timing users. User equivalent ranging error(UERE) based on broadcast message is better than 1.5 m(root formal errors: RMS) for GEO satellites. However, monitoring of UERE indicates that the orbital prediction precision is significantly degraded when the Sun is close to the Earth's equatorial plane(or near spring or autumn Equinox). Error source analysis shows that the complicated solar radiation pressure on satellite buses and the simple box-wing model maybe the major contributor to the deterioration of orbital precision. With the aid of BDS' two-way frequency and time transfer between the GEOs and Beidou time(BDT, that is maintained at the master control station), we propose a new orbit determination strategy, namely three-step approach of the multi-satellite precise orbit determination(MPOD). Pseudo-range(carrier phase) data are transformed to geometric range(biased geometric range) data without clock offsets; and reasonable empirical acceleration parameters are estimated along with orbital elements to account for the error in solar radiation pressure modeling. Experiments with Beidou data show that using the proposed approach, the GEOs' UERE when near the autumn Equinox of 2012 can be improved to 1.3 m from 2.5 m(RMS), and the probability of user equivalent range error(UERE)<2.0 m can be improved from 50% to above 85%.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 51522601 and 51421063） and the program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （Grant No. NCET- 13-0173）.
文摘This paper investigated radiation heat transfer and temperature distributions of solar thermochemical reactor for syngas production using the finite volume discrete ordinate method （fvDOM） and P1 approximation for radiation heat transfer. Different parameters including absorptivity, emissivity, reflection based radiation scatter- ing, and carrier gas flow inlet velocity that would greatly affect the reactor thermal performance were sufficiently investigated. The fvDOM approximation was used to obtain the radiation intensity distribution along the reactor. The drop in the temperature resulted from the radiation scattering was further investigated using the P1 approx- imation. The results indicated that the reactor temperature difference between the P1 approximation and the fvDOM radiation model was very close under different operating conditions. However, a big temperature difference which increased with an increase in the radiation emissivity due to the thermal non-equilibrium was observed in the radiation inlet region. It was found that the incident radiation flux distribution had a strong impact on the temperature distribution throughout the reactor. This paper revealed that the temperature drop caused by the boundary radiation heat loss should not be neglected for the thermal performance analysis of solar thermochemical reactor.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Jinan(No.201121057)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To explore the role and mechanism of a radiation protection cream(Rp) in the treatment of radiation dermatitis, and to accumulate necessary technical information for a new drug report on Rp.METHODS: High-performance liquid chromatography was used to establish the method of measuring the main effective ingredients of sovereign and adjuvant herbs of Rp drugs, and to formulate the draft quality standards of Rp. A total of 48Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into the Model,Trolamine cream(Tc), Rp and Blank groups according to a random number table method.The skin of each rat's buttocks was irradiated using an electron linear accelerator to establish an acute radiation dermatitis model. The histological changes were observed under light microscopy and electron microscopy during wound healing and the effect of Rp on rat fibroblast Ku70/80 gene expression was detected at the transcriptional level.RESULTS: Pathological examination revealed that Rp protected the cellular and subcellular structures of skin after irradiation, promoting the proliferation and restoration of collagen fibers. Ku70/80 mRNA expression levels in the Rp and Tc groups were higher than that in the model group(P<0.05).Moreover,The majority of grade radiation dermatitis relative to the Model, Rp and Tc groups for reducing grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ dermatitis efficiency were 85.7%and 69.2%(P<0.05), respectively.The efficacy of Rp group in treating radiation dermatitis was better than the Trolamine cream group by16.5%(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with Tc, Rp had certain advantages in the efficacy and performance to price ratio.Thus, Rp is considered an effective alternative formulation for the prevention and treatment of radiation dermatitis.
基金Supported by a Grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China:the Effect of TCM Combined Radiotherapy and RNAi Suppression on the Protein Expression Changes of S100A9 & Cyclophilin A and Radiosensitivity in Lung Adenocarcinoma(No.81072925)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of a decoction of Fuzhengzengxiao formula on lung adenocarcinoma regarding the inflammatory protein S100A9 known to enhance cancer cell sensitivity.METHODS: A nude mouse model of human lung adenocarcinoma was established. The mice were randomly divided into four groups using the random number table method: Group Ⅰ, control;Group Ⅱ, treatment with a decoction of the Fuzhengzengxiao formula alone; Group Ⅲ, treatment with radiotherapy alone; and Group Ⅳ, treatment with radiotherapy plus a decoction of Fuzhengzengxiao formula. When the tumor body was 1 cm^3 in diameter, the tumor bearing mice in GroupsⅢ and Ⅳ were irradiated at a single dose of 10 Gy and the tumor inhibition rate was evaluated.The expression of S100A9 was determined using Western blotting and q-PCR(Real-time Quantitative PCR Detecting System). The sensitivity of cells containing RNAi S100A9 to radiotherapy was evaluated using the Click multiple target model,and the cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry.RESULTS: Relative to the control group,the expression of S100A9 in the tumors in each treatment group was decreased,especially in Group Ⅳ. The sensitizing enhancement ratio(SER) Dq was >1 after RNAi S100A9; it decreased the surviving fraction after a 2 Gy dose exposure,and also the D_0 and Dq of the tumor cells; in addition, the radiosensitivity of G_2/M cells was significantly increased.CONCLUSION: The decoction of the Fuzhengzengxiao formula downregulated the expression of S100A9 in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
文摘The present work analyzes the effect of aerosols on the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over Shangdianzi in Beijing.A one-dimensional ABL model and a radiative transfer scheme are incorporated to develop the structure of the ABL.The diurnal variation of the atmospheric radiative budget,atmospheric heating rate,sensible and latent heat fluxes,surface and the 2 m air temperatures as well as the ABL height,and its perturbations due to the aerosols with different single-scattering albedo (SSA) are studied by comparing the aerosol-laden atmosphere to the clean atmosphere.The results show that the absorbing aerosols cause less reduction in surface evaporation relative to that by scatting aerosols,and both surface temperature and 2 m temperature decrease from the clean atmosphere to the aerosol-laden atmosphere.The greater the aerosol absorption,the more stable the surface layer.After 12:00 am,the 2 m temperature increases for strong absorption aerosols.In the meantime,there is a slight decrease in the 2 m temperature for purely scattering aerosols due to radiative cooling.The purely scattering aerosols decrease the ABL temperature and enhance the capping inversion,further reducing the ABL height.
文摘Objective:Patient-reported health-related quality-of-life(HRQOL)measures can provide guidance for treatment decision making,symptom management,and discharge planning.HRQOL is often influenced by the distress experienced by patients from disease or treatment-related symp-toms.This study aimed to identify symptoms that can predict changes in HRQOL in men undergo-ing external beam radiation therapy(EBRT)for nonmetastatic prostate cancer(NMPC).Methods:Fifty-one men with NMPC scheduled for EBRT were assessed at the baseline,at the midpoint of EBRT,and at the end of EBRT.All participants received 38-42 daily doses of EBRT(five times a week),depending on the stage of their disease.Validated questionnaires were administered to evaluate depressive symptoms,urinary and sexual functions,bowel issues,symp-tom-related distress,fatigue,and HRQOL.Pearson correlations,repeated-measures ANOVA,and multiple regressions examined the relationships among variables.Results:Intensification of symptoms and increased symptom-related distress,with a corre-sponding decline in HRQOL,were observed during EBRT in men with NMPC.Changes in symp-toms and symptom distress were associated with changes in HRQOL at the midpoint of EBRT(r=-0.37 to-0.6,P=0.05)and at the end of EBRT(r=-0.3 to-0.47,P=0.01)compared with the baseline.The regression model comprising age,body mass index,Gleason score,T category,androgen-deprivation therapy use,radiation dose received,symptoms(urinary/sexual/bowel prob-lems,fatigue),and overall symptom distress explained 70%of the variance in predicting HRQOL.Urinary problems and fatigue significantly predicted the decline in HRQOL during EBRT.Conclusion:Identifying specific symptoms that can influence HRQOL during EBRT for NMPC can provide feasible interventional targets to improve treatment outcomes.
