Responses of Sesbania rostrata and S. cannabina to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd toxicities were assessed by a seed-suspending seedbed(SSS) approach. The results showed that the SSS approach was suitable for testing the tolerance...Responses of Sesbania rostrata and S. cannabina to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd toxicities were assessed by a seed-suspending seedbed(SSS) approach. The results showed that the SSS approach was suitable for testing the tolerance of a plant to the stress of toxic metals. The endpoints include seed germination success, straightened radicle and hypocotyl of the seedlings from the seeds. The measurements could be done easily and accurately. It was found that the elongation of radicle was the most sensitive indicator to the stress of heavy metals among the endpoints. When exposure to lower or medium concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd, the development of the lateral roots were favorable. Species of S. rostrata was more tolerant than S. cannabina to the heavy metals, especially to Zn and Cd. The ED 50 of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd were 32.90, 5.32, 4.40 and 12.00 μg/ml for S. rostrata, respectively, and they were 30.11, 2.87, 4.05 and 4.94 μg/ml respectively for S. cannabina.展开更多
Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investiga...Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investigated the effects of inoculating （with stem nodule treatment） and non-inoculating （without stem nodule treatment） Azorhizobium caulinodans on the growth, root nodulation, and N fixation of S. rostrata grown on three different types of soil substrata： Pb/Zn tailings, garden soil amended tailings, and garden soil. The results showed that plant height, stem basal diameter, biomass, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and N-accumulation per plant were 2.3%-4.9%, 2.2%-7.7%, 27.8%-72.2%, 17.1%-23.5%, 12.3%-34.2%, and 43.1%-131.2%, respectively, higher in treatments with stem nodule than those without stem nodule for the same soil substrate. With respect to soil substrata, all measurements had consistently higher values in tailings than in amended tailings and garden soil, indicating that the poorer the soil condition, the greater the contribution of stem nodule. In contrast, the number and fresh weight of root nodules on plants without stem nodule were 6.9-11.6 times and 5.8-29.0 times higher than those with stem nodule, respectively, especially with respect to the plants grew on Pb/Zn tailings. In general, stem nodulation favored plant growth and nitrogen fixation of S. rostrata, but suppressed root nodulation. With the ability of stem and root nodulation, S. rostrata can be used as a pioneer plant species for remediation of Pb/Zn tailings.展开更多
Using plant mini-Ti cosmid pEND4K, the cosmid genomic library of Sesbania rostratawas constructed. Sizes of plant DNA inserts in clones were 25- 33 kb. The restrictionmapping showed that different recombinant involved...Using plant mini-Ti cosmid pEND4K, the cosmid genomic library of Sesbania rostratawas constructed. Sizes of plant DNA inserts in clones were 25- 33 kb. The restrictionmapping showed that different recombinant involved various types of plant DNA insert. 4clones containing leghemoglobin gene sequence of S. rostrata were obtained by in situ hy-bridization of colonies. The cloning of leghemoglobin gene sequence has been confirmedby plasmid DNA dot hybridization and Southern blot hybridization.展开更多
Four species of Trichodina parasitizing the gills of cultured molluscs and fishes in China are described： Trichodina pectenis Stein, 1974 from the scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis; Trichodinajadranica Raabe, 1958 from...Four species of Trichodina parasitizing the gills of cultured molluscs and fishes in China are described： Trichodina pectenis Stein, 1974 from the scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis; Trichodinajadranica Raabe, 1958 from the fishes Mugil cephalus and Anguilla bicolor bicolor; Trichodina acuta Lorn, 1961 and Trichodina rostrata Kulemina, 1968 from the fish Acrossocheilusfasciatus. The description of T. pectenis presented here first includes both live characters and morphometric data obtained from specimens impregnated using the wet silver nitrate and protargol methods. The other species were revealed by the dry silver nitrate method. Intensities of infestation and comparisons with related species and populations are provided for each of the four.展开更多
Four new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids,alstrostines C-F together with thirteen known alkaloids were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Alstonia rostrata.All structures of new compounds were elucidated based on NMR...Four new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids,alstrostines C-F together with thirteen known alkaloids were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Alstonia rostrata.All structures of new compounds were elucidated based on NMR,FTIR,UV,and MS spectroscopic data.Alstrostines C-E might originate from keto-enol tautomerism of preakummicine during biogenetic pathway of akummicine.展开更多
Sesbania rostrata,an annual tropical legume,has been found to be tolerant to heavy metals,with an unknown mechanism.It is a promising candidate species for revegetation at mine tailings.In this study,sequential extrac...Sesbania rostrata,an annual tropical legume,has been found to be tolerant to heavy metals,with an unknown mechanism.It is a promising candidate species for revegetation at mine tailings.In this study,sequential extractions with five buffers and strong acids were used to extract various chemical forms of cadmium and copper in S.rostrata,with or without Cd or Cu treatments,so that the mechanisms of tolerance and detoxification could be inferred.Both metals had low transition rates from roots to the aboveground of S.rostrata.The transition ratio of Cd(4.00%)was higher than that of Cu(1.46%).The proportion of NaCl extracted Cd(mostly in proteinbinding forms)increased drastically in Cd treated plants from being undetectable in untreated plants.This suggests that Cd induced biochemical processes producing proteinlike phytochelatins that served as a major mechanism for the high Cd tolerance of S.rostrata.The case for Cu was quite different,indicating that the mechanism for metal tolerance in S.rostrata is metal-specific.The proportion of water-insoluble Cu(e.g.oxalate and phosphate)in roots increased significantly with Cu treatment,which partially explains the tolerance of S.rostrata to Cu.However,how S.rostrata copes with the high biotic activity of inorganic salts of Cu,which increased in all parts of the plant under Cu stress,is a question for future studies.Sesbania rostrata is among the very few N-fixing plants tolerant to heavy metals.This study provides evidence for the detoxification mechanism of metals in Sesbania rostrata.展开更多
文摘Responses of Sesbania rostrata and S. cannabina to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd toxicities were assessed by a seed-suspending seedbed(SSS) approach. The results showed that the SSS approach was suitable for testing the tolerance of a plant to the stress of toxic metals. The endpoints include seed germination success, straightened radicle and hypocotyl of the seedlings from the seeds. The measurements could be done easily and accurately. It was found that the elongation of radicle was the most sensitive indicator to the stress of heavy metals among the endpoints. When exposure to lower or medium concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd, the development of the lateral roots were favorable. Species of S. rostrata was more tolerant than S. cannabina to the heavy metals, especially to Zn and Cd. The ED 50 of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd were 32.90, 5.32, 4.40 and 12.00 μg/ml for S. rostrata, respectively, and they were 30.11, 2.87, 4.05 and 4.94 μg/ml respectively for S. cannabina.
基金supported by the Guangdong Sci-Tech Planning Project (No. 2005B33302012,2008B020300011)
文摘Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investigated the effects of inoculating （with stem nodule treatment） and non-inoculating （without stem nodule treatment） Azorhizobium caulinodans on the growth, root nodulation, and N fixation of S. rostrata grown on three different types of soil substrata： Pb/Zn tailings, garden soil amended tailings, and garden soil. The results showed that plant height, stem basal diameter, biomass, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and N-accumulation per plant were 2.3%-4.9%, 2.2%-7.7%, 27.8%-72.2%, 17.1%-23.5%, 12.3%-34.2%, and 43.1%-131.2%, respectively, higher in treatments with stem nodule than those without stem nodule for the same soil substrate. With respect to soil substrata, all measurements had consistently higher values in tailings than in amended tailings and garden soil, indicating that the poorer the soil condition, the greater the contribution of stem nodule. In contrast, the number and fresh weight of root nodules on plants without stem nodule were 6.9-11.6 times and 5.8-29.0 times higher than those with stem nodule, respectively, especially with respect to the plants grew on Pb/Zn tailings. In general, stem nodulation favored plant growth and nitrogen fixation of S. rostrata, but suppressed root nodulation. With the ability of stem and root nodulation, S. rostrata can be used as a pioneer plant species for remediation of Pb/Zn tailings.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Using plant mini-Ti cosmid pEND4K, the cosmid genomic library of Sesbania rostratawas constructed. Sizes of plant DNA inserts in clones were 25- 33 kb. The restrictionmapping showed that different recombinant involved various types of plant DNA insert. 4clones containing leghemoglobin gene sequence of S. rostrata were obtained by in situ hy-bridization of colonies. The cloning of leghemoglobin gene sequence has been confirmedby plasmid DNA dot hybridization and Southern blot hybridization.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41406171 and 41476144
文摘Four species of Trichodina parasitizing the gills of cultured molluscs and fishes in China are described： Trichodina pectenis Stein, 1974 from the scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis; Trichodinajadranica Raabe, 1958 from the fishes Mugil cephalus and Anguilla bicolor bicolor; Trichodina acuta Lorn, 1961 and Trichodina rostrata Kulemina, 1968 from the fish Acrossocheilusfasciatus. The description of T. pectenis presented here first includes both live characters and morphometric data obtained from specimens impregnated using the wet silver nitrate and protargol methods. The other species were revealed by the dry silver nitrate method. Intensities of infestation and comparisons with related species and populations are provided for each of the four.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21172225,31170334)the 973 Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2009CB522300)the XiBuZhiGuang Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the Young Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province(No.2010CI049).
文摘Four new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids,alstrostines C-F together with thirteen known alkaloids were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Alstonia rostrata.All structures of new compounds were elucidated based on NMR,FTIR,UV,and MS spectroscopic data.Alstrostines C-E might originate from keto-enol tautomerism of preakummicine during biogenetic pathway of akummicine.
基金This research project was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30070126)the Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.980293).
文摘Sesbania rostrata,an annual tropical legume,has been found to be tolerant to heavy metals,with an unknown mechanism.It is a promising candidate species for revegetation at mine tailings.In this study,sequential extractions with five buffers and strong acids were used to extract various chemical forms of cadmium and copper in S.rostrata,with or without Cd or Cu treatments,so that the mechanisms of tolerance and detoxification could be inferred.Both metals had low transition rates from roots to the aboveground of S.rostrata.The transition ratio of Cd(4.00%)was higher than that of Cu(1.46%).The proportion of NaCl extracted Cd(mostly in proteinbinding forms)increased drastically in Cd treated plants from being undetectable in untreated plants.This suggests that Cd induced biochemical processes producing proteinlike phytochelatins that served as a major mechanism for the high Cd tolerance of S.rostrata.The case for Cu was quite different,indicating that the mechanism for metal tolerance in S.rostrata is metal-specific.The proportion of water-insoluble Cu(e.g.oxalate and phosphate)in roots increased significantly with Cu treatment,which partially explains the tolerance of S.rostrata to Cu.However,how S.rostrata copes with the high biotic activity of inorganic salts of Cu,which increased in all parts of the plant under Cu stress,is a question for future studies.Sesbania rostrata is among the very few N-fixing plants tolerant to heavy metals.This study provides evidence for the detoxification mechanism of metals in Sesbania rostrata.
