Fast and unequivocal methods of questioned document analysis are essential in forensic science. Here, a desorption/ionization technique, EASI-MS, was assessed for its ability to investigate questioned driver’s licens...Fast and unequivocal methods of questioned document analysis are essential in forensic science. Here, a desorption/ionization technique, EASI-MS, was assessed for its ability to investigate questioned driver’s licenses (DL). Two suspects DL, displaying the same personal data in the proper fields (name and ID numbers), but with different individual photos, showing similar impressions on microscopic analysis, and authentic standards documents specimens were used as test cases. Profiles from authentic DL surface were dominated by a set of few minor ions, mainly from the plasticizers bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and dibutylphthalate. The seized suspect counterfeit DL on points from personal data and photo were, however, dominated by abundant diagnostic ions of m/z 463, 507, 551, 595, 639, 683, which confirmed counterfeiting. Surfynol<sup>®</sup> and Nonoxynol-9<sup>®</sup>, which are common constituents of inkjet printing, were detected in the counterfeiting areas by high-accuracy EASI(+)-FT-ICR MS. The EASI-MS technique is shown therefore to offer an attractive tool for forensic investigation of questioned documents.展开更多
Signature examination is the most common examination performed by any document examiner.Determination of the authenticity of a handwritten signature on a questioned document is an important task for forensic document ...Signature examination is the most common examination performed by any document examiner.Determination of the authenticity of a handwritten signature on a questioned document is an important task for forensic document examiners in the forensic science field.As a result of continuous developments in technology,a signature stamp can now be created using a photosensitive seal to enable the reproduction of a handwritten signature.These stamps are commonly used in China and several other countries.In this study,10 types of black photosensitive stamp-pad ink,10 brands of fountain pen ink,15 types of black gel ink and six types of black erasable gel ink found on the Chinese domestic market were collected and 10 photosensitive signature stamps were created using the signatures of 10 people.Microscopic analysis,infrared(IR)and fluorescence analyses and microspectrophotometry(MSP)techniques were used to examine the resulting photosensitive signature stamp impressions when applied to printing papers,writing papers and invoice papers.By comparing the printing and spectral characteristics of the photosensitive signature stamp impressions with those of the signatures executed using the fountain pens,gel pens and erasable gel pens,it was possible to determine whether each signature was written or stamped using a photosensitive signature stamp.To validate these results,a 96.7%absolute accuracy and a 99.3%detection rate were achieved over a total of 150 blind tests conducted by five forensic document examiners,thus demonstrating that a combination of the four analysis methods used in this work can provide a more scientific approach and improve the accuracy and the detection rate of the examination process.展开更多
Verifying the authenticity or otherwise of printed documents is one of the most important aspects of questioned document examination and plays a vital role in the field of forensic science.In recent years,continued de...Verifying the authenticity or otherwise of printed documents is one of the most important aspects of questioned document examination and plays a vital role in the field of forensic science.In recent years,continued developments in the quality of impression combined with ever-cheaper toner printers have allowed this technology to spread.It is now used in an increasing number of homes for all types of documents,including for criminal aims.Here,the factors that influence the printed features in text files are studied in relation to the operating system and the word processing software.The Net Application report in October 2014 showed that the market shares of Windows 7 and Windows XP were 53.05% and 17.18%,respectively.The Forrester report in October 2013 showed that the market share of Microsoft Office was more than 85%,the top three word processors being Microsoft Word 2003,2007,and 2010.In this study,Windows XP(shortened to XP),Windows 7(shortened to Win7),Microsoft Word 2003/2007/2010,WPS Office 2013,and the PDF format are chosen as the most common operating systems and word processing software.WPS Office was developed by the Chinese company Kings oft Co.,Ltd.and is widely used in China.A particular text file was designed and edited and was printed on a laser printe.The features of the printed characters were captured using anAnyty 3R digital microscope,Printer Expert,and X-printer devices.Coincidence comparison and outline feature extraction were used to evaluate the differences.It is shown that XP and Win7 have no effect on the printed features of text files.However,the printed features do depend to a certain extent on the word-processing software,with the PDF format having the greatest influence.展开更多
The use of electronic signatures as a form of identification is increasingly common,yet they have been shown to lack the dynamic features found in online signatures.In this study,handwritten signatures were scanned to...The use of electronic signatures as a form of identification is increasingly common,yet they have been shown to lack the dynamic features found in online signatures.In this study,handwritten signatures were scanned to produce electronically scanned signatures(ESS)which were then digitally altered to produce digitally constructed signatures(DCS).The ESS and DCS were presented back to participants to identify which were genuine.Only 1%of participants correctly identified all signatures,with a mean score of 57.6%identifications.The lack of self-recognition of ESS raises questions on their reliability and usefulness as means of personal identification.展开更多
Statistics released by China Customs in February,2007 showed an uncommon rapid growth in Shenzhen’s 2006 textile export.In 2006,the total value of textile
文摘Fast and unequivocal methods of questioned document analysis are essential in forensic science. Here, a desorption/ionization technique, EASI-MS, was assessed for its ability to investigate questioned driver’s licenses (DL). Two suspects DL, displaying the same personal data in the proper fields (name and ID numbers), but with different individual photos, showing similar impressions on microscopic analysis, and authentic standards documents specimens were used as test cases. Profiles from authentic DL surface were dominated by a set of few minor ions, mainly from the plasticizers bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and dibutylphthalate. The seized suspect counterfeit DL on points from personal data and photo were, however, dominated by abundant diagnostic ions of m/z 463, 507, 551, 595, 639, 683, which confirmed counterfeiting. Surfynol<sup>®</sup> and Nonoxynol-9<sup>®</sup>, which are common constituents of inkjet printing, were detected in the counterfeiting areas by high-accuracy EASI(+)-FT-ICR MS. The EASI-MS technique is shown therefore to offer an attractive tool for forensic investigation of questioned documents.
基金funded by special project of basic work for strengthening police with science and technology of the Ministry of Public Security[grant number 2020GABJC03]Fundamental Scientific Research Funding Plan for Central Universities[grant number D2020012].
文摘Signature examination is the most common examination performed by any document examiner.Determination of the authenticity of a handwritten signature on a questioned document is an important task for forensic document examiners in the forensic science field.As a result of continuous developments in technology,a signature stamp can now be created using a photosensitive seal to enable the reproduction of a handwritten signature.These stamps are commonly used in China and several other countries.In this study,10 types of black photosensitive stamp-pad ink,10 brands of fountain pen ink,15 types of black gel ink and six types of black erasable gel ink found on the Chinese domestic market were collected and 10 photosensitive signature stamps were created using the signatures of 10 people.Microscopic analysis,infrared(IR)and fluorescence analyses and microspectrophotometry(MSP)techniques were used to examine the resulting photosensitive signature stamp impressions when applied to printing papers,writing papers and invoice papers.By comparing the printing and spectral characteristics of the photosensitive signature stamp impressions with those of the signatures executed using the fountain pens,gel pens and erasable gel pens,it was possible to determine whether each signature was written or stamped using a photosensitive signature stamp.To validate these results,a 96.7%absolute accuracy and a 99.3%detection rate were achieved over a total of 150 blind tests conducted by five forensic document examiners,thus demonstrating that a combination of the four analysis methods used in this work can provide a more scientific approach and improve the accuracy and the detection rate of the examination process.
文摘Verifying the authenticity or otherwise of printed documents is one of the most important aspects of questioned document examination and plays a vital role in the field of forensic science.In recent years,continued developments in the quality of impression combined with ever-cheaper toner printers have allowed this technology to spread.It is now used in an increasing number of homes for all types of documents,including for criminal aims.Here,the factors that influence the printed features in text files are studied in relation to the operating system and the word processing software.The Net Application report in October 2014 showed that the market shares of Windows 7 and Windows XP were 53.05% and 17.18%,respectively.The Forrester report in October 2013 showed that the market share of Microsoft Office was more than 85%,the top three word processors being Microsoft Word 2003,2007,and 2010.In this study,Windows XP(shortened to XP),Windows 7(shortened to Win7),Microsoft Word 2003/2007/2010,WPS Office 2013,and the PDF format are chosen as the most common operating systems and word processing software.WPS Office was developed by the Chinese company Kings oft Co.,Ltd.and is widely used in China.A particular text file was designed and edited and was printed on a laser printe.The features of the printed characters were captured using anAnyty 3R digital microscope,Printer Expert,and X-printer devices.Coincidence comparison and outline feature extraction were used to evaluate the differences.It is shown that XP and Win7 have no effect on the printed features of text files.However,the printed features do depend to a certain extent on the word-processing software,with the PDF format having the greatest influence.
文摘The use of electronic signatures as a form of identification is increasingly common,yet they have been shown to lack the dynamic features found in online signatures.In this study,handwritten signatures were scanned to produce electronically scanned signatures(ESS)which were then digitally altered to produce digitally constructed signatures(DCS).The ESS and DCS were presented back to participants to identify which were genuine.Only 1%of participants correctly identified all signatures,with a mean score of 57.6%identifications.The lack of self-recognition of ESS raises questions on their reliability and usefulness as means of personal identification.
文摘Statistics released by China Customs in February,2007 showed an uncommon rapid growth in Shenzhen’s 2006 textile export.In 2006,the total value of textile
