Formation of icosahedral dusters in rapidly solidified binary amorphous NixZr100-x （x = 15, 33.3, 50, 66.7, 85） is studied by using molecular dynamics simulation methods. A large number of icosahedral dusters with 1...Formation of icosahedral dusters in rapidly solidified binary amorphous NixZr100-x （x = 15, 33.3, 50, 66.7, 85） is studied by using molecular dynamics simulation methods. A large number of icosahedral dusters with 13 atoms （Ih13） were observed in NixZr100-x alloys, and most of them, even those in Zr-rich alloys, are found to be Ni-centred. Studies on the structures of Ni33.3Z66.7 obtained at different cooling rates demonstrate that most of iscosahedral dusters enhanced by decreasing cooling rates are also Ni-centred, The essentials of Ni atoms preferring to be the core of icosahedral clusters are illustrated with the criterion of energy minimization and the equilibrium interatomic distances between different atoms.展开更多
The famous paradoxes of quantum mechanics are created by the fact that elementary particles exist as the alternation between two structural states with different properties. This leads to probabilistic behavior, uncer...The famous paradoxes of quantum mechanics are created by the fact that elementary particles exist as the alternation between two structural states with different properties. This leads to probabilistic behavior, uncertainty principle, quantum tunneling, etc. The alternation of states plays the role of the frequency generator or clock. But for the objective character of quantum interactions the length standard also should exist in nature. Such analog of the rule must be physically real and in direct sense have to participate in the of particles interactions. Just this is the main role of physical vacuum. For such role vacuum should have quasi-crystalline geometry structure. Its symmetry requires in standard views only one fundamental change. In the quasicrystalline structure of the vacuum, the virtual shells of the real particles and atomic nuclei are not diffuse “clouds”, as is assumed today. Virtual environments are clearly structured and rigidly quantised shells with the geometric structure similar to fullerenes. Such shells are forming for greater than 99% of the known substance mass. Virtual particles forming such shells belong to the group of bosons and probably are just Higgs bosons existing in the ordinary matter. Chemical fullerenes form a series of discrete geometric structures. In a similar manner virtual analogues of fullerenes form a series of discrete masses, which really exist in the nature as a set of elementary particles and atomic nuclei masses.展开更多
从液体似晶结构的“格子”理论出发,推导了有外场存在情况下溶液溶质扩散转移的动力学方程。通过与 Fick 定律形式比较,得到了有外场作用的溶液溶质扩散系数表达式,由此讨论了强化扩散传质过程中外场与化学势场的协同关系,即溶液溶质扩...从液体似晶结构的“格子”理论出发,推导了有外场存在情况下溶液溶质扩散转移的动力学方程。通过与 Fick 定律形式比较,得到了有外场作用的溶液溶质扩散系数表达式,由此讨论了强化扩散传质过程中外场与化学势场的协同关系,即溶液溶质扩散传质流的大小不仅与各场强度量梯度的大小及系统的物性有关,还与外场同化学势场的配合有关。进一步分析得到:外场的引入之所以能够强化和控制溶液溶质扩散,其本质是外场的引入可对溶液的粘度产生影响,关于这一论点可由文献 [7] 的实验研究所证实,并与本文的理论研究结果一致。展开更多
Multi-crystalline silicon ingots produced using directional solidification systems(DSS)represent the best way to obtain high quality crystalline silicon at low prices and with high throughputs.The DSS technology is wi...Multi-crystalline silicon ingots produced using directional solidification systems(DSS)represent the best way to obtain high quality crystalline silicon at low prices and with high throughputs.The DSS technology is widespread among PV silicon ingot producers and hundreds of furnaces are manufactured worldwide every year.The present challenge for crystal growers is to increase the quality of ingot and to reduce the specific energy consumption and cost. The first goal can be reached by changing the DS process to a Mono-Like-Casting process,while the second one has pushed some companies to develop new DSS furnaces able to grow ingots up to 800 kg.The main features and the characteristic design of the hot-zone in the iDSS(induction-DSS)furnace are presented,also in comparison with the standard DSSs ones.The reduction of the thickness of insulation boards,the smaller size of the hot-zone and the selective lateral induction coil system lead to an optimal control of the thermal instabilities into the silicon melt,increasing the ingot quality.In fact,the lateral induction coil system is equipped with independent turns connections and it can be used to force selectively-at different vertical positions-the most suitable thermal condition.In this way,one is able to compensate the radiative thermal losses and create a 'virtual' adiabatic wall,producing a planar solidification front or modeling the radial thermal gradient in order to obtain the desired solidification front shapes.In previous papers,the authors have presented some preliminary results obtained with a iDSS furnace^([4][5][6]).In the present paper is proposed a discussion about the numerical analysis of Mono-Like-Casting process with iDSS furnace capacity up to 120 kg of silicon feedstock.The furnace is actually under construction in the context of research activities of PFV(Polo Fotovoltaico Veneto).展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 50225103 and 50471001.
文摘Formation of icosahedral dusters in rapidly solidified binary amorphous NixZr100-x （x = 15, 33.3, 50, 66.7, 85） is studied by using molecular dynamics simulation methods. A large number of icosahedral dusters with 13 atoms （Ih13） were observed in NixZr100-x alloys, and most of them, even those in Zr-rich alloys, are found to be Ni-centred. Studies on the structures of Ni33.3Z66.7 obtained at different cooling rates demonstrate that most of iscosahedral dusters enhanced by decreasing cooling rates are also Ni-centred, The essentials of Ni atoms preferring to be the core of icosahedral clusters are illustrated with the criterion of energy minimization and the equilibrium interatomic distances between different atoms.
文摘The famous paradoxes of quantum mechanics are created by the fact that elementary particles exist as the alternation between two structural states with different properties. This leads to probabilistic behavior, uncertainty principle, quantum tunneling, etc. The alternation of states plays the role of the frequency generator or clock. But for the objective character of quantum interactions the length standard also should exist in nature. Such analog of the rule must be physically real and in direct sense have to participate in the of particles interactions. Just this is the main role of physical vacuum. For such role vacuum should have quasi-crystalline geometry structure. Its symmetry requires in standard views only one fundamental change. In the quasicrystalline structure of the vacuum, the virtual shells of the real particles and atomic nuclei are not diffuse “clouds”, as is assumed today. Virtual environments are clearly structured and rigidly quantised shells with the geometric structure similar to fullerenes. Such shells are forming for greater than 99% of the known substance mass. Virtual particles forming such shells belong to the group of bosons and probably are just Higgs bosons existing in the ordinary matter. Chemical fullerenes form a series of discrete geometric structures. In a similar manner virtual analogues of fullerenes form a series of discrete masses, which really exist in the nature as a set of elementary particles and atomic nuclei masses.
文摘从液体似晶结构的“格子”理论出发,推导了有外场存在情况下溶液溶质扩散转移的动力学方程。通过与 Fick 定律形式比较,得到了有外场作用的溶液溶质扩散系数表达式,由此讨论了强化扩散传质过程中外场与化学势场的协同关系,即溶液溶质扩散传质流的大小不仅与各场强度量梯度的大小及系统的物性有关,还与外场同化学势场的配合有关。进一步分析得到:外场的引入之所以能够强化和控制溶液溶质扩散,其本质是外场的引入可对溶液的粘度产生影响,关于这一论点可由文献 [7] 的实验研究所证实,并与本文的理论研究结果一致。
文摘Multi-crystalline silicon ingots produced using directional solidification systems(DSS)represent the best way to obtain high quality crystalline silicon at low prices and with high throughputs.The DSS technology is widespread among PV silicon ingot producers and hundreds of furnaces are manufactured worldwide every year.The present challenge for crystal growers is to increase the quality of ingot and to reduce the specific energy consumption and cost. The first goal can be reached by changing the DS process to a Mono-Like-Casting process,while the second one has pushed some companies to develop new DSS furnaces able to grow ingots up to 800 kg.The main features and the characteristic design of the hot-zone in the iDSS(induction-DSS)furnace are presented,also in comparison with the standard DSSs ones.The reduction of the thickness of insulation boards,the smaller size of the hot-zone and the selective lateral induction coil system lead to an optimal control of the thermal instabilities into the silicon melt,increasing the ingot quality.In fact,the lateral induction coil system is equipped with independent turns connections and it can be used to force selectively-at different vertical positions-the most suitable thermal condition.In this way,one is able to compensate the radiative thermal losses and create a 'virtual' adiabatic wall,producing a planar solidification front or modeling the radial thermal gradient in order to obtain the desired solidification front shapes.In previous papers,the authors have presented some preliminary results obtained with a iDSS furnace^([4][5][6]).In the present paper is proposed a discussion about the numerical analysis of Mono-Like-Casting process with iDSS furnace capacity up to 120 kg of silicon feedstock.The furnace is actually under construction in the context of research activities of PFV(Polo Fotovoltaico Veneto).
