利用中国气象局提供的0. 5°×0. 5°降水和温度的日值资料,联合ERA-Interim、MERRA2(second M odern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications)和JRA-55(Japanese 55-year Reanalysis)再分析资料以及全...利用中国气象局提供的0. 5°×0. 5°降水和温度的日值资料,联合ERA-Interim、MERRA2(second M odern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications)和JRA-55(Japanese 55-year Reanalysis)再分析资料以及全球陆面数据同化系统(Global Land surface Data Asimilation System,GLDAS-2. 0)资料,研究了全球变暖背景下青藏高原夏季地表气温及降水的变化特征,以及该地区大气中水汽含量及水汽输送特征。结果表明,1979—1998年期间,高原的地表气温呈增加趋势,降水呈减少趋势;而在全球增温减缓期间(1999—2010年),地表气温及降水较1979—1998年期间呈现更为显著的增加趋势。在青藏高原上空,大气中水汽含量在1979—2010年间整体呈增加趋势;然而,进一步分析表明,在此期间由外界向高原输送的水汽逐年降低,尤其在1998年后,由于西南季风强度的大幅减弱,使得外界向高原的净水汽输送量减少得更为显著;青藏高原地表蒸散量的分析表明,自1998年后,高原地表的蒸散量显著增加,成为高原地区大气中水汽增加的主要原因。展开更多
内循环降水率是本地蒸发产生的降水与总降水量的比值,可以表征陆气相互作用的强度。本研究使用准等熵拉格朗日后向轨迹追踪模型(Quasi-isentropic backward trajectory,QIBT),基于全球陆面数据同化产品(Global Land Data Assimilation S...内循环降水率是本地蒸发产生的降水与总降水量的比值,可以表征陆气相互作用的强度。本研究使用准等熵拉格朗日后向轨迹追踪模型(Quasi-isentropic backward trajectory,QIBT),基于全球陆面数据同化产品(Global Land Data Assimilation Systems,GLDAS)的降水和蒸发数据,以及ERA-Interim再分析资料(ERAI),选取降水量与气候平均态相当的2001年,研究了青藏高原内循环降水率。其次,使用2001年ERAI降水和蒸发数据替换GLDAS数据,分析地表数据不确定性对内循环降水率的影响,最后,选取30年降水和蒸发量的极端情况,探讨了极端干湿年对内循环降水率的影响。结果表明,青藏高原内循环降水率东南部小于西北部,年平均内循环降水率为0.42。极端干年大于2001年,极端湿年小于2001年。使用再分析资料的降水和蒸发数据后,内循环降水率减小为0.28,与再分析资料对青藏高原降水量的高估有关。展开更多
利用1979-2014年ERA-Interim再分析月平均温度资料,分析了对流层中上层(500~150 h Pa)温度纬向偏差的分布特征,并将青藏高原(下称高原)对流层中上层温度纬向偏差进行垂直积分后,尝试构建一个新的表征高原热力指数(Plateau Heating Index...利用1979-2014年ERA-Interim再分析月平均温度资料,分析了对流层中上层(500~150 h Pa)温度纬向偏差的分布特征,并将青藏高原(下称高原)对流层中上层温度纬向偏差进行垂直积分后,尝试构建一个新的表征高原热力指数(Plateau Heating Index,PHI),并分析该指数的季节演变特征及其与东亚大气环流的关系。结果表明:(1)对流层中上层纬向温度偏差的暖中心存在着季节性的移动,即春季暖中心由西太平洋迅速移至高原,而秋季则快速东移到西太平洋;(2)PHI在年进程上呈现出明显的单峰型变化特征,在11月至翌年2月为负值,其余为正值;(3)各季PHI与纬向西风的显著相关区大致以30°N为界,呈现出北正南负的反向分布。当PHI增强时,高原北(南)部西风增强(减弱),副热带西风急流增强,反之亦然;(4)各季PHI与200 h Pa位势高度的显著正相关均出现高原上空,表明高原对流层加热有利于其上空位势高度的增加。当夏季PHI偏强(弱)时,对应着南亚高压偏强(弱)。展开更多
The alpine wetlands in QTP(Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau)have been profoundly impacted along with global climate changes.We employ satellite datasets and climate data to explore the relationships between alpine wetlands and...The alpine wetlands in QTP(Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau)have been profoundly impacted along with global climate changes.We employ satellite datasets and climate data to explore the relationships between alpine wetlands and climate changes based on remote sensing data.Results show that:1)the wetland NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)and GPP(Gross Primary Production)were more sensitive to air temperature than to precipitation rate.The wetland ET(evapotranspiration)across alpine wetlands was greatly correlated with precipitation rate.2)Alpine wetlands responses to climate changes varied spatially and temporally due to different geographic environments,variety of wetland formation and human disturbances.3)The vegetation responses of the Zoige wetland was the most noticeable and related to the temperature,while the GPP and NDVI of the Qiangtang Plateau and Gyaring-Ngoring Lake were significantly correlated with both temperature and precipitation.4)ET in the Zoige wetland showed a significantly positive trend,while ET in Maidika wetland and the Qiangtang plateau showed a negative trend,implying wetland degradation in those two wetland regions.The complexities of the impacts of climate changes on alpine wetlands indicate the necessity of further study to understand and conserve alpine wetland ecosystems.展开更多
The accurately determining the lake ^14C reservoir age has a crucial significance for climatic reconstruction. In this study, the optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating method is employed to date samples fro...The accurately determining the lake ^14C reservoir age has a crucial significance for climatic reconstruction. In this study, the optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating method is employed to date samples from highstand lacustrine sediments, palaeoshoreline, fluvial terrace, and the alluvial fan of the Heihai Lake catchment. Accelerator mass spectrometry （AMS） 14C dating was also used to date fossil plants from highstand lacustrine sediments. Based on the calculations of linear regression with OSL against radiocarbon ages for same layers of two sections, the quantitative ^14C reservoir ages were estimated to lie between 3 353 and 3 464 yr during the 1.8 to 2.4 ka, which showed temporal variation. The sources of old carbon are the dissolution of carbonate bedrocks distributed along the Kunlun Mountain. The OSL ages of the different members of the hydatogen sedimentary system at Heihai Lake catchment indicate that a stronger hydrologic condition occurred from 3.0±0.2 to 1.8±0.2 ka, with a maximum lake level of 9 m higher than present. This humid stage was widely recorded in different sediments on the QTP and Chinese Loess Plateau （CLP）, indicating its broad synchronicity across the Asian Summer Monsoon region. The enhanced East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） and the Indian Summer Monsoon （ISM） resulted in the increase of moisture availability for the Heihai Lake area during this stage.展开更多
1 Introduction The northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(NE QTP),located at a triple junction of influences of the Asian summer monsoon,westerly jet stream and Siberian high,is of considerable significance with regard ...1 Introduction The northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(NE QTP),located at a triple junction of influences of the Asian summer monsoon,westerly jet stream and Siberian high,is of considerable significance with regard to regional responses to global climate change.Qarhan Salt Lake is the largest playa located in the central eastern展开更多
文摘利用中国气象局提供的0. 5°×0. 5°降水和温度的日值资料,联合ERA-Interim、MERRA2(second M odern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications)和JRA-55(Japanese 55-year Reanalysis)再分析资料以及全球陆面数据同化系统(Global Land surface Data Asimilation System,GLDAS-2. 0)资料,研究了全球变暖背景下青藏高原夏季地表气温及降水的变化特征,以及该地区大气中水汽含量及水汽输送特征。结果表明,1979—1998年期间,高原的地表气温呈增加趋势,降水呈减少趋势;而在全球增温减缓期间(1999—2010年),地表气温及降水较1979—1998年期间呈现更为显著的增加趋势。在青藏高原上空,大气中水汽含量在1979—2010年间整体呈增加趋势;然而,进一步分析表明,在此期间由外界向高原输送的水汽逐年降低,尤其在1998年后,由于西南季风强度的大幅减弱,使得外界向高原的净水汽输送量减少得更为显著;青藏高原地表蒸散量的分析表明,自1998年后,高原地表的蒸散量显著增加,成为高原地区大气中水汽增加的主要原因。
文摘内循环降水率是本地蒸发产生的降水与总降水量的比值,可以表征陆气相互作用的强度。本研究使用准等熵拉格朗日后向轨迹追踪模型(Quasi-isentropic backward trajectory,QIBT),基于全球陆面数据同化产品(Global Land Data Assimilation Systems,GLDAS)的降水和蒸发数据,以及ERA-Interim再分析资料(ERAI),选取降水量与气候平均态相当的2001年,研究了青藏高原内循环降水率。其次,使用2001年ERAI降水和蒸发数据替换GLDAS数据,分析地表数据不确定性对内循环降水率的影响,最后,选取30年降水和蒸发量的极端情况,探讨了极端干湿年对内循环降水率的影响。结果表明,青藏高原内循环降水率东南部小于西北部,年平均内循环降水率为0.42。极端干年大于2001年,极端湿年小于2001年。使用再分析资料的降水和蒸发数据后,内循环降水率减小为0.28,与再分析资料对青藏高原降水量的高估有关。
文摘利用1979-2014年ERA-Interim再分析月平均温度资料,分析了对流层中上层(500~150 h Pa)温度纬向偏差的分布特征,并将青藏高原(下称高原)对流层中上层温度纬向偏差进行垂直积分后,尝试构建一个新的表征高原热力指数(Plateau Heating Index,PHI),并分析该指数的季节演变特征及其与东亚大气环流的关系。结果表明:(1)对流层中上层纬向温度偏差的暖中心存在着季节性的移动,即春季暖中心由西太平洋迅速移至高原,而秋季则快速东移到西太平洋;(2)PHI在年进程上呈现出明显的单峰型变化特征,在11月至翌年2月为负值,其余为正值;(3)各季PHI与纬向西风的显著相关区大致以30°N为界,呈现出北正南负的反向分布。当PHI增强时,高原北(南)部西风增强(减弱),副热带西风急流增强,反之亦然;(4)各季PHI与200 h Pa位势高度的显著正相关均出现高原上空,表明高原对流层加热有利于其上空位势高度的增加。当夏季PHI偏强(弱)时,对应着南亚高压偏强(弱)。
基金Under the auspices of the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0603004)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA19030203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41971390).
文摘The alpine wetlands in QTP(Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau)have been profoundly impacted along with global climate changes.We employ satellite datasets and climate data to explore the relationships between alpine wetlands and climate changes based on remote sensing data.Results show that:1)the wetland NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)and GPP(Gross Primary Production)were more sensitive to air temperature than to precipitation rate.The wetland ET(evapotranspiration)across alpine wetlands was greatly correlated with precipitation rate.2)Alpine wetlands responses to climate changes varied spatially and temporally due to different geographic environments,variety of wetland formation and human disturbances.3)The vegetation responses of the Zoige wetland was the most noticeable and related to the temperature,while the GPP and NDVI of the Qiangtang Plateau and Gyaring-Ngoring Lake were significantly correlated with both temperature and precipitation.4)ET in the Zoige wetland showed a significantly positive trend,while ET in Maidika wetland and the Qiangtang plateau showed a negative trend,implying wetland degradation in those two wetland regions.The complexities of the impacts of climate changes on alpine wetlands indicate the necessity of further study to understand and conserve alpine wetland ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41401008)West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y412021005)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(No.2016-ZJ-926Q)the instrument function development program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y410041013)
文摘The accurately determining the lake ^14C reservoir age has a crucial significance for climatic reconstruction. In this study, the optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating method is employed to date samples from highstand lacustrine sediments, palaeoshoreline, fluvial terrace, and the alluvial fan of the Heihai Lake catchment. Accelerator mass spectrometry （AMS） 14C dating was also used to date fossil plants from highstand lacustrine sediments. Based on the calculations of linear regression with OSL against radiocarbon ages for same layers of two sections, the quantitative ^14C reservoir ages were estimated to lie between 3 353 and 3 464 yr during the 1.8 to 2.4 ka, which showed temporal variation. The sources of old carbon are the dissolution of carbonate bedrocks distributed along the Kunlun Mountain. The OSL ages of the different members of the hydatogen sedimentary system at Heihai Lake catchment indicate that a stronger hydrologic condition occurred from 3.0±0.2 to 1.8±0.2 ka, with a maximum lake level of 9 m higher than present. This humid stage was widely recorded in different sediments on the QTP and Chinese Loess Plateau （CLP）, indicating its broad synchronicity across the Asian Summer Monsoon region. The enhanced East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） and the Indian Summer Monsoon （ISM） resulted in the increase of moisture availability for the Heihai Lake area during this stage.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant # 41301045)
文摘1 Introduction The northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(NE QTP),located at a triple junction of influences of the Asian summer monsoon,westerly jet stream and Siberian high,is of considerable significance with regard to regional responses to global climate change.Qarhan Salt Lake is the largest playa located in the central eastern
