Using the 1961–1995 monthly averaged meteorological data from 148 surface stations in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) and its surrounding areas, calculation of the 35-year atmospheric heat source/sink (<Qi>) a...Using the 1961–1995 monthly averaged meteorological data from 148 surface stations in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) and its surrounding areas, calculation of the 35-year atmospheric heat source/sink (<Qi>) and an analysis on its climatic features and relation to rainfall in China have been made. It is found that on the average, the atmospheric heat source over the QXP is the strongest in June (78 W / m2) and cold source is the strongest in December (?72 W/m2). The sensible heat of the surface increases remarkably over the southwest of the QXP, causing the obvious increase of <Qi> there in February and March, which makes a center of the atmospheric heat source appear over the north slope of the Himalayas. Afterwards, this center continues to intensify and experiences noticeable migration westwards twice, separately occurring in April and June. The time when the atmosphere over the east of the QXP becomes heat source and reaches strongest is one month later than that over the southwest of the QXP. In summer, the latent heat of condensation becomes a heating factor as important as the sensible heat and is also a main factor that makes the atmospheric heat source over the east of the QXP continue growing. On the interdecadal time scale, (Q1) of the QXP shows an abrupt change in 1977 and a remarkable increase after 1977. The atmospheric heat source of the spring over the QXP is a good indicator for the subsequent summer rainfall over the valleys of the Changjiang and Huaihe rivers and South China and North China. There is remarkable positive correlation between the QXP heat source of summer and the summer rainfall in the valleys of the Changjiang River.展开更多
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)in 2001 reported that the Earth air temperature would rise by 1.4-5.8℃and 2.5℃on average by the year 2100.China re-gional climate model results also showed that the air...Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)in 2001 reported that the Earth air temperature would rise by 1.4-5.8℃and 2.5℃on average by the year 2100.China re-gional climate model results also showed that the air temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)would increase by 2.2-2.6℃in the next 50 years.A numerical permafrost model was developed to predict the changes of permafrost distribution on the QTP over the next 50 and 100 years under the two climatic warming scenarios,i.e.0.02℃/a,the lower value of IPCC’s estima-tion,and 0.052℃/a,the higher value predicted by Qin et al.Simulation results show that(i)in the case of 0.02℃/a air-temperature rise,permafrost area on the QTP will shrink about 8.8%in the next 50 years,and high temperature permafrost with mean annual ground temperature(MAGT)higher than?0.11℃may turn into seasonal frozen soils.In the next 100 years,perma-frost with MAGT higher than?0.5℃will disappear and the permafrost area will shrink up to 13.4%.(ii)In the case of 0.052℃/a air-temperature rise,permafrost area on the QTP will reduce about 13.5%after 50 years.More remarkable degradation will take place after 100 years,and permafrost area will reduce about 46%.Permafrost with MAGT higher than?2℃will turn into seasonal frozen soils and even unfrozen soils.展开更多
Objective: Echinococcosis is a major parasitic zoonosis of public health importance in western China. In 2004, the Chinese Ministry of Health estimated that 380,000 people had the disease in the region. The Qinghai-Ti...Objective: Echinococcosis is a major parasitic zoonosis of public health importance in western China. In 2004, the Chinese Ministry of Health estimated that 380,000 people had the disease in the region. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is highly co-endemic with both alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). In the past years, the Chinese government has been increasing the financial support to control the diseases in this region. Therefore, it is very important to identify the significant risk factors of the diseases by reviewing studies done in the region in the past decade to help policymakers design appropriate control strategies. Review: Selection criteria for which literature to review were firstly defined. Medline, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Google Scholar were systematically searched for literature published between January 2000 and July 2011. Significant risk factors found by single factor and/or multiple factors analysis were listed, counted, and summarized. Literature was examined to check the comparability of the data;age and sex specific prevalence with same data structures were merged and used for further analysis. A variety of assumed social, economical, behavioral, and ecological risk factors were studied on the Plateau. Those most at risk were Tibetan herdsmen, the old and female in particular. By analyzing merged comparable data, it was found that females had a significant higher prevalence, and a positive linearity relationship existed between echinococcosis prevalence and increasing age. In terms of behavioral risk factors, playing with dogs was mostly correlated with CE and/or AE prevalence. In terms of hygiene, employing ground water as the drinking water source was significantly correlated with CE and AE prevalence. For definitive hosts, dog related factors were most frequently identified with prevalence of CE or/and AE;fox was a potential risk factor for AE prevalence only. Overgrazing and deforestation were significant for AE prevalence only. Conclusion:展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40075018).
文摘Using the 1961–1995 monthly averaged meteorological data from 148 surface stations in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) and its surrounding areas, calculation of the 35-year atmospheric heat source/sink (<Qi>) and an analysis on its climatic features and relation to rainfall in China have been made. It is found that on the average, the atmospheric heat source over the QXP is the strongest in June (78 W / m2) and cold source is the strongest in December (?72 W/m2). The sensible heat of the surface increases remarkably over the southwest of the QXP, causing the obvious increase of <Qi> there in February and March, which makes a center of the atmospheric heat source appear over the north slope of the Himalayas. Afterwards, this center continues to intensify and experiences noticeable migration westwards twice, separately occurring in April and June. The time when the atmosphere over the east of the QXP becomes heat source and reaches strongest is one month later than that over the southwest of the QXP. In summer, the latent heat of condensation becomes a heating factor as important as the sensible heat and is also a main factor that makes the atmospheric heat source over the east of the QXP continue growing. On the interdecadal time scale, (Q1) of the QXP shows an abrupt change in 1977 and a remarkable increase after 1977. The atmospheric heat source of the spring over the QXP is a good indicator for the subsequent summer rainfall over the valleys of the Changjiang and Huaihe rivers and South China and North China. There is remarkable positive correlation between the QXP heat source of summer and the summer rainfall in the valleys of the Changjiang River.
基金the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Grant No.KZCX1-SW-04)the Knowledge Innovation Project of CAREERI,CAS(Grant No.CACX200009)the Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.G1998040812).
文摘Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)in 2001 reported that the Earth air temperature would rise by 1.4-5.8℃and 2.5℃on average by the year 2100.China re-gional climate model results also showed that the air temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)would increase by 2.2-2.6℃in the next 50 years.A numerical permafrost model was developed to predict the changes of permafrost distribution on the QTP over the next 50 and 100 years under the two climatic warming scenarios,i.e.0.02℃/a,the lower value of IPCC’s estima-tion,and 0.052℃/a,the higher value predicted by Qin et al.Simulation results show that(i)in the case of 0.02℃/a air-temperature rise,permafrost area on the QTP will shrink about 8.8%in the next 50 years,and high temperature permafrost with mean annual ground temperature(MAGT)higher than?0.11℃may turn into seasonal frozen soils.In the next 100 years,perma-frost with MAGT higher than?0.5℃will disappear and the permafrost area will shrink up to 13.4%.(ii)In the case of 0.052℃/a air-temperature rise,permafrost area on the QTP will reduce about 13.5%after 50 years.More remarkable degradation will take place after 100 years,and permafrost area will reduce about 46%.Permafrost with MAGT higher than?2℃will turn into seasonal frozen soils and even unfrozen soils.
文摘Objective: Echinococcosis is a major parasitic zoonosis of public health importance in western China. In 2004, the Chinese Ministry of Health estimated that 380,000 people had the disease in the region. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is highly co-endemic with both alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). In the past years, the Chinese government has been increasing the financial support to control the diseases in this region. Therefore, it is very important to identify the significant risk factors of the diseases by reviewing studies done in the region in the past decade to help policymakers design appropriate control strategies. Review: Selection criteria for which literature to review were firstly defined. Medline, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Google Scholar were systematically searched for literature published between January 2000 and July 2011. Significant risk factors found by single factor and/or multiple factors analysis were listed, counted, and summarized. Literature was examined to check the comparability of the data;age and sex specific prevalence with same data structures were merged and used for further analysis. A variety of assumed social, economical, behavioral, and ecological risk factors were studied on the Plateau. Those most at risk were Tibetan herdsmen, the old and female in particular. By analyzing merged comparable data, it was found that females had a significant higher prevalence, and a positive linearity relationship existed between echinococcosis prevalence and increasing age. In terms of behavioral risk factors, playing with dogs was mostly correlated with CE and/or AE prevalence. In terms of hygiene, employing ground water as the drinking water source was significantly correlated with CE and AE prevalence. For definitive hosts, dog related factors were most frequently identified with prevalence of CE or/and AE;fox was a potential risk factor for AE prevalence only. Overgrazing and deforestation were significant for AE prevalence only. Conclusion:
