BACKGROUND：Liver ischemia reperfusion（IR）injury triggers a systemic inflammatory response and is the main cause of organ dysfunction and adverse postoperative outcomes after liver surgery.Pentoxifylline（PTX）and h...BACKGROUND：Liver ischemia reperfusion（IR）injury triggers a systemic inflammatory response and is the main cause of organ dysfunction and adverse postoperative outcomes after liver surgery.Pentoxifylline（PTX）and hypertonic saline solution（HTS）have been identified to have beneficial effects against IR injury.This study aimed to investigate if the addition of PTX to HTS is superior to HTS alone for the prevention of liver IR injury.METHODS： Male Wistar rats were allocated into three groups. Control rats underwent 60 minutes of partial liver ischemia, HTS rats were treated with 0.4 mL/kg of intravenous 7.5% NaCl 15 minutes before reperfusion, and HPTX group were treated with 7.5% NaC1 plus 25 mg/kg of PTX 15 minutes before reperfusion. Samples were collected after reperfusion for determination of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, mitochondrial respiration, lipid peroxidation, pulmonary permeability and myeloperoxidase. RESULTS： HPTX significantly decreased TNF-α 30 minutes after reperfusion. HPTX and HTS significantly decreased ALT,AST, IL-6, mitochondrial dysfunction and pulmonary myelo- peroxidase 4 hours after reperfusion. Compared with HTS only, HPTX significantly decreased hepatic oxidative stress 4 hours after reperfusion and pulmonary permeability 4 and 12 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSION： This study showed that PTX added the beneficial effects of HTS on liver IR injury through decreases of hepatic oxidative stress and pulmonary permeability.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of total flavonoid fraction(TFF) from Nervilia fordii on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in rats,and to explore their protective mechanism.Methods LPS-induce...Objective To investigate the effects of total flavonoid fraction(TFF) from Nervilia fordii on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in rats,and to explore their protective mechanism.Methods LPS-induced ALI model was established by LPS(5 mg/kg) injection via left cervical vein.Blood samples were collected from the cervical artery of all rats at 5 and 6 h after LPS challenge for arterial blood gas test and cytokines measurements,and pulmonary microvascular permeability(PMP),lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D),and pathological features were observed.Results Phytochemical study showed that the TFF contained 67.3% of flavonoids expressed in rutin and three flavone glycosides.The TFF pretreatment(6.24 and 12.48 mg/kg) attenuated the partial arterial pressure of oxygen decline in blood significantly,and decreased the PMP and lung W/D in ALI rats.In addition,the TFF(6.24 and 12.48 mg/kg) also ameliorated the LPS-induced lung damages including alveolar edema,neutrophils infiltration,alveolar hemorrhage,and thickening of the alveolar wall.Furthermore,the treatment with the TFF(6.24 and 12.48 mg/kg) also down-regulated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),and up-regulated the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in serum of ALI rats simultaneously.Conclusion These results suggest that the TFF could protect LPS-induced ALI in rats,which may be mediated,at least in part,by adjusting the production of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α,IL-6,ICAM-1,and IL-10.展开更多
Acute fulminant pancreatitis was produced in dogs by injection of autobile into the main pancreatic duct.After injection the phospholipase A_2(PLA_2)activities in serum,lung lymph and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BAL)...Acute fulminant pancreatitis was produced in dogs by injection of autobile into the main pancreatic duct.After injection the phospholipase A_2(PLA_2)activities in serum,lung lymph and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BAL)were elevated significantly,lung lymph flow and pulmonary transvascular potein clearance increased progressively,protein content and cell numbers in BAL in the experimental animals were significantly higher than those in the control animals.Furthermore the lung index,wet to dry lung weight ratio,extravascular lung water to bloodless dry lung weight ra- tio,extravascuar lung water to bloodless dry lung weight ratio increased significantly as compared to control animals.Pretreatment with PLA_2 inhibitor,chloroquine,blocked the changes mentioned above.This experiment suggests:1.PLA_2 activity in lung lymph fluid as well as in serum and BAL is elevated in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.2.Elevated PLA_2 activity may increase the pulmonary vascular permeability.3.PLA_2 is the major factor leading to pulmonary edema in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.4.Phagocytes contribute to the lung injury induced by PLA_2 to some ex- tent.展开更多
Hyperpermeability is a crux of pathogenesis of sudden lung edema in many pulmonary disorders. especially in acute lung injury and adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Using our modified method for assessment of ...Hyperpermeability is a crux of pathogenesis of sudden lung edema in many pulmonary disorders. especially in acute lung injury and adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Using our modified method for assessment of pulmonary vascular permeability. we observed the effects of xanthine with xanthine oxidase(X-XO) perfused in rat pulmonary artery and the protection of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP) against the injury of pulmonary vascular permeabilrty. After addition of xanthine oxidase in the perfusate reservoir containing xanthine￣(125) I-albumin leak index (￣(125)IALI)was remarkably increased while peak airway pressure(Paw) was not significantly increased, and perfusion pressure of pulmonary artery(Ppa)and lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D) were only slightly increased. Xanthine plus xanthine oxidase also increased thromboxane B_2(TX B_2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F_(1α)(6-keto -PGF_(1α)) in the perfusate. Treatment with VIP obviously reduced or totally prevented all signs of injury. Simultaneously, VIP also diminished or abolished the associated generation of arachidonate products. The results indicated that VIP has potent protective activity against injury of pulmonary vascular permeability and may be a physiological modulator of inflammatory damage to vascular endothelium associated with toxic oxygen metacolites.展开更多
目的通过测定^(99)Tc^m-DTPA 的肺清除率,评价肺泡上皮通透性的随龄变化。方法选择不吸烟的健康成年志愿者79例,进行^(99)Tc^m-DTPA 肺吸入显像,绘制双肺和双肺上、中、下野的单指数清除曲线并计算肺清除指数(k)。进行如下分析:(1)≥65...目的通过测定^(99)Tc^m-DTPA 的肺清除率,评价肺泡上皮通透性的随龄变化。方法选择不吸烟的健康成年志愿者79例,进行^(99)Tc^m-DTPA 肺吸入显像,绘制双肺和双肺上、中、下野的单指数清除曲线并计算肺清除指数(k)。进行如下分析:(1)≥65岁老年人和非老年人(<65岁)的 k值差异;(2)对年龄和 k 值进行曲线拟合。结果 (1)老年组双肺的^(99)Tc^m-DTPA k 值(左肺:0.89±0.27,右肺:0.94±0.25)均明显高于非老年组(左肺:0.63±0.22,右肺:0.68±0.23),P 均<0.0001。在各肺野中,老年组双肺中野和下野的 k 值高于非老年组,而双肺上野的 k 值2组差异无显著性。(2)曲线拟合分析发现,三次方拟合方程较好地描述了 k 值和年龄之间的关系。结论不吸烟的健康成年人,肺泡上皮通透性随年龄的增长而变化;老年人双肺中下野的通透性明显大于非老年人。展开更多
基金supported by a grant from Sao Paulo Foundation Research FAPESP 2011/05214-3
文摘BACKGROUND：Liver ischemia reperfusion（IR）injury triggers a systemic inflammatory response and is the main cause of organ dysfunction and adverse postoperative outcomes after liver surgery.Pentoxifylline（PTX）and hypertonic saline solution（HTS）have been identified to have beneficial effects against IR injury.This study aimed to investigate if the addition of PTX to HTS is superior to HTS alone for the prevention of liver IR injury.METHODS： Male Wistar rats were allocated into three groups. Control rats underwent 60 minutes of partial liver ischemia, HTS rats were treated with 0.4 mL/kg of intravenous 7.5% NaCl 15 minutes before reperfusion, and HPTX group were treated with 7.5% NaC1 plus 25 mg/kg of PTX 15 minutes before reperfusion. Samples were collected after reperfusion for determination of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, mitochondrial respiration, lipid peroxidation, pulmonary permeability and myeloperoxidase. RESULTS： HPTX significantly decreased TNF-α 30 minutes after reperfusion. HPTX and HTS significantly decreased ALT,AST, IL-6, mitochondrial dysfunction and pulmonary myelo- peroxidase 4 hours after reperfusion. Compared with HTS only, HPTX significantly decreased hepatic oxidative stress 4 hours after reperfusion and pulmonary permeability 4 and 12 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSION： This study showed that PTX added the beneficial effects of HTS on liver IR injury through decreases of hepatic oxidative stress and pulmonary permeability.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(30472209)Research Fund of the University of Macao(SRG013-ICMS11-CXP)
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of total flavonoid fraction(TFF) from Nervilia fordii on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in rats,and to explore their protective mechanism.Methods LPS-induced ALI model was established by LPS(5 mg/kg) injection via left cervical vein.Blood samples were collected from the cervical artery of all rats at 5 and 6 h after LPS challenge for arterial blood gas test and cytokines measurements,and pulmonary microvascular permeability(PMP),lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D),and pathological features were observed.Results Phytochemical study showed that the TFF contained 67.3% of flavonoids expressed in rutin and three flavone glycosides.The TFF pretreatment(6.24 and 12.48 mg/kg) attenuated the partial arterial pressure of oxygen decline in blood significantly,and decreased the PMP and lung W/D in ALI rats.In addition,the TFF(6.24 and 12.48 mg/kg) also ameliorated the LPS-induced lung damages including alveolar edema,neutrophils infiltration,alveolar hemorrhage,and thickening of the alveolar wall.Furthermore,the treatment with the TFF(6.24 and 12.48 mg/kg) also down-regulated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),and up-regulated the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in serum of ALI rats simultaneously.Conclusion These results suggest that the TFF could protect LPS-induced ALI in rats,which may be mediated,at least in part,by adjusting the production of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α,IL-6,ICAM-1,and IL-10.
文摘Acute fulminant pancreatitis was produced in dogs by injection of autobile into the main pancreatic duct.After injection the phospholipase A_2(PLA_2)activities in serum,lung lymph and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BAL)were elevated significantly,lung lymph flow and pulmonary transvascular potein clearance increased progressively,protein content and cell numbers in BAL in the experimental animals were significantly higher than those in the control animals.Furthermore the lung index,wet to dry lung weight ratio,extravascular lung water to bloodless dry lung weight ra- tio,extravascuar lung water to bloodless dry lung weight ratio increased significantly as compared to control animals.Pretreatment with PLA_2 inhibitor,chloroquine,blocked the changes mentioned above.This experiment suggests:1.PLA_2 activity in lung lymph fluid as well as in serum and BAL is elevated in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.2.Elevated PLA_2 activity may increase the pulmonary vascular permeability.3.PLA_2 is the major factor leading to pulmonary edema in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.4.Phagocytes contribute to the lung injury induced by PLA_2 to some ex- tent.
文摘Hyperpermeability is a crux of pathogenesis of sudden lung edema in many pulmonary disorders. especially in acute lung injury and adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Using our modified method for assessment of pulmonary vascular permeability. we observed the effects of xanthine with xanthine oxidase(X-XO) perfused in rat pulmonary artery and the protection of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP) against the injury of pulmonary vascular permeabilrty. After addition of xanthine oxidase in the perfusate reservoir containing xanthine￣(125) I-albumin leak index (￣(125)IALI)was remarkably increased while peak airway pressure(Paw) was not significantly increased, and perfusion pressure of pulmonary artery(Ppa)and lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D) were only slightly increased. Xanthine plus xanthine oxidase also increased thromboxane B_2(TX B_2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F_(1α)(6-keto -PGF_(1α)) in the perfusate. Treatment with VIP obviously reduced or totally prevented all signs of injury. Simultaneously, VIP also diminished or abolished the associated generation of arachidonate products. The results indicated that VIP has potent protective activity against injury of pulmonary vascular permeability and may be a physiological modulator of inflammatory damage to vascular endothelium associated with toxic oxygen metacolites.
文摘目的通过测定^(99)Tc^m-DTPA 的肺清除率,评价肺泡上皮通透性的随龄变化。方法选择不吸烟的健康成年志愿者79例,进行^(99)Tc^m-DTPA 肺吸入显像,绘制双肺和双肺上、中、下野的单指数清除曲线并计算肺清除指数(k)。进行如下分析:(1)≥65岁老年人和非老年人(<65岁)的 k值差异;(2)对年龄和 k 值进行曲线拟合。结果 (1)老年组双肺的^(99)Tc^m-DTPA k 值(左肺:0.89±0.27,右肺:0.94±0.25)均明显高于非老年组(左肺:0.63±0.22,右肺:0.68±0.23),P 均<0.0001。在各肺野中,老年组双肺中野和下野的 k 值高于非老年组,而双肺上野的 k 值2组差异无显著性。(2)曲线拟合分析发现,三次方拟合方程较好地描述了 k 值和年龄之间的关系。结论不吸烟的健康成年人,肺泡上皮通透性随年龄的增长而变化;老年人双肺中下野的通透性明显大于非老年人。
