AIM：To compare the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure（IOP）in patients with primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma（PXG）.METHODS：A retrospective comparative case serie...AIM：To compare the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure（IOP）in patients with primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma（PXG）.METHODS：A retrospective comparative case series conducted at the Glaucoma Department at the Association to Prevent Blindness in Mexico.The study enrolled consecutive patients having phacoemulsification with intraocular lens（IOL）implantation and a diagnosis of POAG or PXG.Data about IOP values and number of glaucoma medications used was collected at baseline,1,3,6 and12mo postoperatively.RESULTS：The study enrolled 88 patients（88 eyes）.After phacoemulsification,there was a statistically significant reduction in IOP values and glaucoma medications use compared to baseline in both POAG and PXG patients（P〈0.001）.In the POAG group,a 20%decrease in IOP values was evidenced,and a 56.5%reduction in the number of medications used at the one-year follow-up.The PXG group showed a 20.39%,and a 34.46%decrease in IOP and number of medications used,respectively.A significant difference in the meanΔIOP（postoperative changes in IOP）was evidenced between groups（P=0.005）.The reduction of the postsurgical IOP mean values in both groups,the POAG group showed a greater reduction in IOP values compared to the PXG group.CONCLUSION：In both types of glaucoma,phacoemulsification cataract surgery can result in a significant IOP reduction（20%）over a 12mo follow-up period.The number of medications used is also significantly reduced up to 12mo after surgery,especially in the PXG group.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in Chinese patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). METHODS: Medical records of 16 patients (20 eyes) with PEX who presented to our instituti...AIM: To evaluate the corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in Chinese patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). METHODS: Medical records of 16 patients (20 eyes) with PEX who presented to our institution between July 2008 and June 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Thirteen eyes had combined glaucoma. The information of five apparently normal fellow eyes in these patients was also recorded. Left eyes of 20 patients with bilateral senile cataracts but no other eye disease were included as controls. Specular microscopy was performed in all eyes to analyze for corneal endothelial cell density and morphology. Cell density, coefficient of variation in cell size, and percentage of hexagonal cells in corneal endothelium were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean corneal endothelial cell density in the PEX eyes was 2298+/- 239 cells/mm(2), significantly lower than that in the cataract eyes (2652+/- 18 cells/mm(2), P=0.026), but there were no significant differences in coefficient of variation of cell size and frequency of hexagonality between these two groups. No significant differences in the three parameters were found between the apparently normal fellow eyes and the PEX eyes or the cataract eyes, or between the PEX eyes with and without glaucoma. CONCLUSION: Corneal endothelial cell density may decrease in Chinese patients with PEX. The development of glaucoma in PEX eyes does not seem to be related with the change in corneal endothelial cell density or morphology.展开更多
AIM：To evaluate the safety of hydroimplantation in cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.METHODS：This prospective randomized study comprised 100 eyes of 100 consecutive patients who underwent ...AIM：To evaluate the safety of hydroimplantation in cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.METHODS：This prospective randomized study comprised 100 eyes of 100 consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery and implantation of foldable intraocular lens（IOL）. Each eye was assigned to group 1 or group 2. Hydroimplantation without using viscoelastic agent as group 1（n=50）, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose（Eyevisc, Biotech, India） was used in group 2（n=50）. RESULTS：There were no statistically significant differences in central corneal thickness（CCT） and corneal endothelial cell count（ECC） between both groups at each visit and percentage change in CCT and ECC（P〉0.05）. The mean intraocular pressure（IOP） at postoperative 5h increased statistically significantly in group 2（P〈0.001）. There was no statistically significant difference in IOP between two groups, before and after surgery excluding the 24 h postoperative IOP, but patients in group 2 had higher IOP than that in the group 1 at 24 h after surgery（P=0.035）. No case in either group experienced posterior capsular rupture, or zonular dialysis. Fixation of the globe during IOL implantation was better in group 1 than that in group 2.CONCLUSION：Hydroimplantation has advantages in terms of IOP changes and duration of the surgery and seems to be safe in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.展开更多
AIM:To examine the mechanism of the development of pseudoexfoliation (PSX) syndrome via both cytokine formation and endothelial vasorelaxing and growth factors that will provide us new therapeutic insights for the tre...AIM:To examine the mechanism of the development of pseudoexfoliation (PSX) syndrome via both cytokine formation and endothelial vasorelaxing and growth factors that will provide us new therapeutic insights for the treatment. METHODS:This is a cross sectional study included two groups; Group 1:control patients with nuclear cataract(n =20, aged 51-80 years). Group 2:PSX patients with nuclear cataract (n=18, aged 50-90 years). Patients with other ophthalmic problems and systemic diseases were excluded. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nitrotyrosine levels were determined through serum samples by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Nitrite-nitrate levels were measured with photometric endpoint determination. RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, VEGF, IL-1β, nitrite-nitrate and nitrotyrosine. The significant results were the mean IL-6 levels that were higher in PSX group 2 (37.68± 29.52 pg/mL) compared to that in control group 1 (15.32± 10.08 pg/mL) (P 【0.001). CONCLUSION:Several interacting and extending biochemical pathways may lead to the promotion of VEGF and IL-6 expressions. IL-6 which is the only altered marker in our study may indirectly cause an increase of vascular permeability and neovascularization. We suggest inflammation as a factor that can be involved in etiopathogenesis of PSX.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effect of torsional mode phacoemulsification on central corneal thickness, corneal endothelial cell density, and morphology in eyes with/without pseudoexfoliation(PEX) syndrome.METHODS: Fourty-two...AIM: To evaluate the effect of torsional mode phacoemulsification on central corneal thickness, corneal endothelial cell density, and morphology in eyes with/without pseudoexfoliation(PEX) syndrome.METHODS: Fourty-two consecutive patients with and42 patients without PEX as a control group scheduled for cataract surgery was studied. Phacoemulsification, using OZi L IP system, was performed with quick chop technique. Using noncontact specular microscopy, the central endothelial cell density(ECD), coefficient of variation, percentage of hexagonal cells, and the central corneal thickness(CCT) were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 7 and 30 d.RESULTS: The ECD in PEX syndrome was statistically significantly lower than that in the control group preoperatively and postoperatively(P ≤0.001).Percentage change in ECD was statistically significantly higher in PEX than that in control group after surgery follow up(P ≤0.04).There was no statistically significant difference between both groups comparing percentage of hexagonal cells and coefficient of variation in the cell size before and after the surgery. At 1 and 7d after surgery, percentage change in CCT was statistically significantly higher in PEX group than that in the control group(P ≤0.041).CONCLUSION: Although torsional mode phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation provided a safe and favorable surgical outcome in patients with/without PEX, torsional phacoemulsification led to significantly higher ECD loss in the PEX group than that in the control group during the whole follow up period.In addition, more corneal swelling in the PEX group than that in the control group during the early postoperative period has indicated that the corneal endothelium, in presence of PEX endotheliopathy, seems to be more susceptible to the effects of phacoemulsification surgeryin eyes with PEX. The increased risk of anterior chamber manipulations in patients with PEX should be taken into account for an increased risk of bullous keratopathy.展开更多
AIM：To investigate the levels of ghrelin（Gh）,acylated ghrelin（AGh） and AGh/Gh ratio in the humor aqueous（HA） of cases with pseudoexfoliation syndrome（PXS）,pseudoexfoliation glaucoma（PXG）,primary open angle ...AIM：To investigate the levels of ghrelin（Gh）,acylated ghrelin（AGh） and AGh/Gh ratio in the humor aqueous（HA） of cases with pseudoexfoliation syndrome（PXS）,pseudoexfoliation glaucoma（PXG）,primary open angle glaucoma（POAG） and to compare these with control subjects.METHODS：A prospective examination was made of the total Gh,and AGh levels in HA of 67 patients undergoing cataract surgery.Patients were divided into 4 groups.HA samples were aspirated at the beginning of the surgery,stored at -70℃.Gh and AGh quantification was performed with ELISA kits and the AGh/total-Gh ratios were calculated.ANOVA,Kruskal-Wallis,Chi-square and post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS：Total Gh levels in HA were 189.2±45.6 pg/mL in the control group,199.2±32.9 pg/mL in PXS,180.6±20.9 pg/mL in PXG and 176.8±21.4 pg/mL in POAG groups（P〉0.05）.AGh levels in HA were 23.09±5.01 pg/mL in the control group,24.13±5.22 pg/mL in PXS,22.29±1.55 pg/m L in PXG and 19.69±2.93 pg/mL in POAG groups（P〉0.05）.The ratio of AGh/Gh was 10.3%±2.34% in the control group,13.03%±2.58% in PXS,12.3%±1.54% in PXG and 11.79%±1.41% in POAG groups（P=0.044）.The difference between the PXS and control groups was significant（P=0.03）.CONCLUSION：In spite of statistically insignificant results,the HA total Gh levels were lower than those of the control subjects but not parallel with the AGh levels in glaucoma patients.The relative increase in the AGh/Gh ratio in glaucoma cases supports the view that proportional increases of AGh might play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.展开更多
AIM: To compare retinal artery-vein diameters(RAVDs)of patients with pseudoexfoliation(PSX) syndrome with healthy controls and investigate the correlations between retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness parameters ...AIM: To compare retinal artery-vein diameters(RAVDs)of patients with pseudoexfoliation(PSX) syndrome with healthy controls and investigate the correlations between retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness parameters and RAVDs.METHODS: Seventeen eyes with PSX and 17 eyes of age-matched controls were included in the study. All participants underwent routine ophthalmological examination, Humphrey visual field and RNFL examination by using Stratus OCT. Retinal images were obtained by using a retinal camera(Topcon 501X).RAVDs were measured from inferior nasal, inferior temporal, superior nasal and superior temporal arcuates by using IMAGEnet software. Superior, inferior, nasal,temporal and average RNFL thicknesses were recorded.RAVDs and RNFL parameters in groups and correlations were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Spearmann correlation tests.RESULTS: Only inferior quadrant and average RNFL thickness were detected thinner in the PSX group compared with control group(P =0.009, P =0.038,respectively). No statistically significant difference regarding RAVDs was found between two groups.CONCLUSION: RAVDs seems to be comparable in the PSX and control group. RNFL is thinner in the inferior quadrant in the PSX group. RNFL thickness and RAVDs show significant correlations in both groups. This correlation doesn’t seem to be specific to PSX.展开更多
AIMTo establish the role of nitric oxide (NO), ascorbic acid and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG).METHODSOur study included 120 patients ...AIMTo establish the role of nitric oxide (NO), ascorbic acid and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG).METHODSOur study included 120 patients who were referred for cataract surgery. All patients were divided into four groups according to clinical findings: XFG, early and late pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS), and cataract (without pseudoexfoliation). Serum and aqueous humour levels of the ascorbic acid, NO and TNF-α were measured. The concentrations of the ascorbic acid and NO were measured by an appropriate spectrophotometric method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine TNF-α level.RESULTSAqueous humour concentration of ascorbic acid was significantly lower in patients with late XFS (0.61±0.11 mmol/L) and XFG (0.48±0.15 mmol/L) compared to patients with early XFS (0.9±0.15 mmol/L) and cataract (1.16±0.22 mmol/L), while there was no difference in serum concentration in all examined groups. Aqueous humour concentration of NO was significantly higher in patients with XFG (77.7±11.4 µmol/L) compared to patients with early XFS (50.27±9.34 µmol/L) and cataract (49.77±7.1 µmol/L), while serum concentration was increased in the early stage of XFS (73.26±8.29 µmol/L). Aqueous humour level of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α was increased in patients with XFS (early 460.04±18.32 pg/mL; late 502.42±53.23 pg/mL) and XFG (510.34±43.07 pg/mL), while there was no difference in serum level in all examined groups of patients.CONCLUSIONReduced ascorbic acid and elevated NO and inflammation related cytokine TNF-α level in aqueous humour of the patients with developed XFG suggest that oxidative stress induces local inflammation.展开更多
·AIM: To compare the anterior segment morphology evaluated using ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) in patients with clinical pseudoexfoliation syndrome(XFS)in one eye and no clinical XFS in the fellow eye.·METHO...·AIM: To compare the anterior segment morphology evaluated using ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) in patients with clinical pseudoexfoliation syndrome(XFS)in one eye and no clinical XFS in the fellow eye.·METHODS: Thirty patients with unilateral XFS were included in the study. All patients underwent evaluation of their anterior segment using UBM with and without dilatation with 1% cyclopentolate. The anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), anterior chamber angle(ACA), ciliary body thickness(CBT), scleral thickness(ST), trabeculae-ciliary processes distance(T-CPD), and iris-ciliary processes distance(I-CPD) were measured using UBM scans. All results between the eyes with clinical XFS and their fellow eyes without clinical XFS were then compared.·RESULTS: Before dilatation the eyes with XFS(4.350±0.531 mm) were found to have a significantly thicker lens(P =0.002) than the eyes without XFS(4.238 ±0.540 mm).In addition after dilatation, the eyes with XFS(4.310 ±0.500 mm) were found to have a significantly thicker lens than the eyes without XFS(4.160±0.480 mm)(P=0.019).The average ACD, for the group with XFS, comparing pre-dilatation(2.616 ±0.349 mm) and post-dilatation measurements(2.714±0.413) was found to be statistically increased(P =0.014). The average ACD, comparing pre-dilatation to post-dilatation measurements in patients without XFS(2.680±0.360),(2.720±0.500) was found to be statistically unchanged(P =0.450).·CONCLUSION: Crystalline lenses tended to be thicker in the eyes with clinical pseudoexfoliation than their fellow eyes without pseudoexfoliation.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate and compare the peripapillary and retinal vasculature changes in primary open angle glaucoma(POAG),pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(PXG),ocular hypertension(OHT)and normal eyes using optical coherence tomogr...AIM:To evaluate and compare the peripapillary and retinal vasculature changes in primary open angle glaucoma(POAG),pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(PXG),ocular hypertension(OHT)and normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A total of 114 POAG,PXG and OHT eyes of 60 patients and 46 eyes of 23 healthy control participants with good quality OCTA images were included.The PXG,POAG,OHT,and control groups(aged 68.17±6.30 y,61.11±10.26 y,58.1±8.9 y,and 56.9±4.6 y,respectively)contained of 46,36,32,and 46 eyes,respectively.Measurements of vessel density(VD)in the peripapillary region and macula,average retinal inner thickness,and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT)were compared among groups.In order to test the accuracy of differentiation between eyes with and without glaucoma,the area was calculated under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS:The VD in glaucomatous eyes was significantly lower than the control group in all peripapillary sectors(44.35%±6.78%vs 50.47%±1.83%,P<0.001),the superficial(44.08%±5.46%vs 51.28%±2.85%,P<0.001)and the deep(45.13%±8.55%vs 54.20%±5.44%,P<0.001)vascular plexus.There was a significant difference in peripapillary VD between glaucomatous and OHT eyes(44.35%±6.78%vs 49.86%±2.45%,P<0.001).The OHT group featured a lower superficial(48.06%±4.32%vs 51.28%±2.85%,P=0.027)and deep plexus(48.70%±5.99%vs 54.20%±5.44%,P=0.013)whole image vessel density(wiVD)than did the control group.The average macular superficial plexus wiVD was significantly lower in eyes with PXG than in eyes with POAG(42.22%±5.36%vs 46.54%±5.56%,P=0.046).CONCLUSION:OCTA can measure reduced peripapillary and macular VD in eyes with glaucoma and OHT,and these results are correlated to functional and structural glaucomatous alterations.Peripapillary and macular superficial plexus VD is lower in eyes with PXG than in eyes with POAG.Furthermore,the OHT eyes demonstrate impaired macular vasculature in both superficial and deep plexus.展开更多
AIMTo investigate the oxidative stress status of the aqueous humor and serum of patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) and to measure paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase (AR...AIMTo investigate the oxidative stress status of the aqueous humor and serum of patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) and to measure paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase (ARE) levels.METHODSA total of 78 patients were enrolled in the study, with 26 patients in each separate group. The patients were divided into three groups: the first group entailed PEX syndrome patients, while the second group consisted of patients with PEG and the third group involved patients with no additional systemic diseases, other than the diagnosis of cataract as control. Total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), PON, and ARE levels in aqueous humor and serum were measured.RESULTSTAC, PON and arylesterase levels in aqueous humor and serum of the PEX syndrome and PEG patients were significantly decreased compared with control group (P<0.05). TOS values were higher in patients with PEX syndrome and PEG than controls (P<0.05). TAC, PON and ARE levels of aqueous humor did not differ significantly between the PEX syndrome and PEG groupsCONCLUSIONThese findings are potentially of significance and add to the growing body of evidence for oxidative stress in PEX syndrome and PEG. Decreased antioxidant defense and increased oxidative stress system may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PEX syndrome and PEG.展开更多
Pseudoexfoliation(PEX) syndrome is a well-recognized late-onset disease caused by a generalized fibrillopathy. It is linked to a broad spectrum of ocular complications including glaucoma and perioperative problems dur...Pseudoexfoliation(PEX) syndrome is a well-recognized late-onset disease caused by a generalized fibrillopathy. It is linked to a broad spectrum of ocular complications including glaucoma and perioperative problems during cataract surgery. Apart from the long-known intraocular manifestations, PEX deposits have been found in a variety of extraocular locations and they appear to represent a systemic process associated with increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity. However, as published results are inconsistent, the clinical significance of the extraocular PEX deposits remains controversial. Identification of PEX deposits in the heart and the vessel wall, epidemiologic studies, as well as, similarities in pathogenetic mechanisms have led to the hypothesis of a possible relation between fibrillar material and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies suggest that PEX syndrome is frequently linked to impaired heart and blood vessels function. Systemic and ocular blood flow changes, altered parasympathetic vascular control and baroreflex sensitivity, increased vascular resistance and decreased blood flow velocity, arterial endothelial dysfunction, high levels of plasma homocysteine and arterial hypertension have all been demonstrated in PEX subjects. Common features in the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis and PEX, like oxidative stress and inflammation and a possible higher frequency of abdominal aorta aneurysm in PEX patients, could imply that these grey-white deposits and cardiovascular disorders are related or reflect different manifestations of the same process.展开更多
AIMTo evaluate the possible relationship of optic disc area with retina nerve fiber layer in different glaucoma subtypes.METHODSOne eye each was chosen from 45 patients with ocular hypertension, 45 patients with prima...AIMTo evaluate the possible relationship of optic disc area with retina nerve fiber layer in different glaucoma subtypes.METHODSOne eye each was chosen from 45 patients with ocular hypertension, 45 patients with primary open angle glaucoma, 45 patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and 45 healthy controls followed in our hospital. The records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Optic disc area and circumpapillary retina nerve fiber layer measurements were obtained using optical coherence tomography. Central corneal thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry.RESULTSThe median disc area in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma was significantly higher than the patients with ocular hypertension (2.19 vs 1.90 mm<sup>2</sup>, P=0.030). The median retina nerve fiber layer was thinner in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma than the patients with ocular hypertension for superior, inferior and temporal quadrants. After adjustment for age, no difference in central corneal thickness was found between the groups. Greater disc area was associated with thicker retinal nerve fiber layer for superior, inferior and nasal quadrants in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma. There was no correlation between disc area and central corneal thickness measurements of the groups.CONCLUSIONDisc size affects the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma and is a possible risk factor for glaucomatous optic nerve damage.展开更多
In spite of a steady improvement in the safety of cataract surgery since the inception of phacoemulsification, diagnosing and managing posterior capsular rent still remains a challenge. Identification of the pre-exist...In spite of a steady improvement in the safety of cataract surgery since the inception of phacoemulsification, diagnosing and managing posterior capsular rent still remains a challenge. Identification of the pre-existing risk factors is of utmost importance so that precautionary modifications are done in the surgery to prevent this complication. Once it happens, timely realization and appropriate management can have excellent outcomes.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome （PEX） and its associations with ocular and systemic diseases in a population sample aged over 40y. METHODS： A total of 2356 subjects were randomly c...AIM： To investigate the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome （PEX） and its associations with ocular and systemic diseases in a population sample aged over 40y. METHODS： A total of 2356 subjects were randomly chosen for the sample population based on the database of the Turkish Statistical Agency in Eskisehir. Of the invited 2356 subjects, 2017 subjects participated, out of which 2009 were eligible for the study. Systemic diseases, drug use, smoking and body mass index were assessed using questionnaires. Measurements of central corneal thickness （CCT）, anterior chamber depth （ACD） and intraocular pressure （IOP） were performed during June to December, 2015. After pupillary dilation, the anterior segment and lenses were evaluated using a slit lamp.RESULTS： Prevalence of PEX in this sample was 5.0% （n=100）. Of patients with PEX, 26% also had glaucoma. Incidence of cataracts, and using drugs for hypertension, cardiac and psychiatric conditions was higher in patients with PEX compared to normal cases （P〈0.05）. Hearing loss was more common in PEX cases （34.0% vs 5.4%; P〈0.001）. The mean CCT, ACD and IOP were not significantly different between PEX and non-PEX cases.CONCLUSION： This study is the first population-based, randomized trial in Turkey. Prevalence of PEX in patients over 40 years old was found to be 5.0%. Besides glaucoma and cataract, hypertension, hearing loss, using drugs for cardiac and psychiatric diseases were associated with PEX.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate total antioxidant status （TAS）, total oxidant status （TOS）, and the oxidative stress index （OSI） of the aqueous humor （AH） in patients with glaucoma. METHODS： The prospective study was comp...AIM： To evaluate total antioxidant status （TAS）, total oxidant status （TOS）, and the oxidative stress index （OSI） of the aqueous humor （AH） in patients with glaucoma. METHODS： The prospective study was composed of a study group （n-31） and a control group （n=31）. Fifteen patients in the study group were diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma （POAG）, and 16 patients were diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma （PEG）. The control group was composed of non-glaucomatous patients with cataracts. AH samples were collected and analyzed for TAS, TOS, and OSI levels. RESULTS： Mean AH TAS level was significantly higher in patients with glaucoma than that in the control group （P〈0.01）. Mean TOS and OSI levels tended to increase in patients with glaucoma. No significant differences in TAS, TOS, or OSI levels were observed between patients with POAG and PEG. CONCLUSION： High levels of TAS were observed in patients with glaucoma, which was likely a response to the increased oxidative stress observed in these patients.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate relationship between ocular pseudoex-foliation syndrom(PXF) and sensory-neural hearing loss(SNHL).· METHODS:This prospective case-control study was designed on patients who referred to a general o...AIM:To evaluate relationship between ocular pseudoex-foliation syndrom(PXF) and sensory-neural hearing loss(SNHL).· METHODS:This prospective case-control study was designed on patients who referred to a general ophthalmic clinic at Imam Khomeini Medical Center,Urmia,Iran(March 2010 through November 2010).On routine ophthalmic examination,patients diagnosed with ocular PXF were referred to the ENT department and,selected cases(after evaluating inclusion and exclusion criteria) were referred to Audiometric Department.Pure tone hearing threshold level(HTL) was measured at 1,2,3 kHz for each ear and was compared with International Standard(ISO 7029) median age associated hearing loss at 1,2,3 kHz(AAHL).· RESULTS:Overall 21 of 50 patients(42.0%) had a higher HTL than the ISO 7029 median AAHL at 1,2 and 3kHz,which included 14 ears of 23 patients in the male group(30.4%) and 21 ears of 27 patients in the female group(38.8%).Approximately 12.0% of patients had glaucoma at the same time,however;no significant correlation was found in SNHL prevalence and severity between PXF patient and patients with simultaneous glaucoma.SNHL was more common in patients with ocular PXF compared to their age-sex matched controls(P <0.05).· CONCLUSION:Most of patients with ocular PXF had SNHL compared to their age-sex matched controls,which could be due to PXF fibrils in the inner ear.These findings suggest PXF could be a systemic disease.·展开更多
Background: Globally, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is the most common form of secondary open angle glaucoma. Purpose: To determine the prevalence and characterist...Background: Globally, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is the most common form of secondary open angle glaucoma. Purpose: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) among newly diagnosed glaucoma patients in Eye Foundation Hospital Ikeja, Guinness Eye Center, Lagos University Teaching Hospital and Deseret Community Vision Institute, Ijebu Imushin. Methods: This hospital-based, descriptive cross-sectional study included newly diagnosed adult glaucoma patients at the glaucoma clinics of three tertiary eye care centers. A study proforma was used to obtain socio-demographic information, medical history, ocular history and relevant findings on ocular and systemic examination. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed. Values were considered statistically significant where P Results: One hundred and forty adult glaucoma patients aged 60.5 ± 11.9 SD years and male to female ratio of 2:1 were examined. The prevalence of PXG among the glaucoma patients was 16.9%. The pseudoexfoliative material (PXM) was most commonly found on the pupil (39%). Common ocular features seen among PXG patients were poor pupillary dilation with mydriatic agents (44%) and Sampaolesi’s line in the anterior chamber angle (41%). A higher proportion of PXG patients than primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients showed signs of severe glaucoma, including severe optic disc cupping (P = 0.019) and visual field defects (P = 0.014). Hearing defects were the only significantly associated non-ocular feature (P = 0.0005). Conclusion: The prevalence of PXG was 16.9%. This implies that it is relatively common in Nigeria. Hearing loss is an important non-ocular association. Careful ocular examination of glaucoma patients is recommended to identify PXG, which runs a more severe clinical course than POAG.展开更多
BACKGROUND The retrospective review of I-ring pupil expansion ring use is designed to examine the patient characteristics and associated surgical challenges in a clinical practice.The hypothesis is that I-ring provide...BACKGROUND The retrospective review of I-ring pupil expansion ring use is designed to examine the patient characteristics and associated surgical challenges in a clinical practice.The hypothesis is that I-ring provides a necessary additive tool in dealing with challenging cataract surgeries with small pupils.AIM To document the safety profile and use of I-ring pupil expansion ring in a clinical practice.METHODS A retrospective chart review of 12 consecutive cases within the same year(2016)of cataract surgeries employing I-ring pupil expansion ring(Beaver-Visitec,International)by a single surgeon at the same ambulatory surgical center was conducted.Demographic,pre-op,intra-op,and post-op data were recorded.Total number of cataract cases performed was also recorded.RESULTS 8 of 12 cases were planned I-ring cases.1 case was decided intraoperatively when femtosecond laser caused the pupil to shrink.The other 3 cases were also decided upon intraoperatively when pupil was deemed to be small.7 patients had IFIS from Flomax use.2 patients had pseudoexfoliation syndrome as the cause of small pupil.2 patients had narrow angles with brunescent cataracts.2 patients had pre-op partial zonular dehiscence.1 patient had 360o of posterior synechiae.2 cases had ruptured posterior capsule that required anterior vitrectomy.No complications were attributed to the pupil expansion ring.A total of 296 cataract surgeries were performed that year by the surgeon,making the rate of pupil ring use 4.1%.CONCLUSION Small pupil requiring pupil expansion ring during cataract surgery is often associated with other challenges,such as brunescent cataract,zonular weakness,and posterior synechiae in this series.I-ring helped to reduce at least one challenge in these difficult cases.展开更多
文摘AIM：To compare the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure（IOP）in patients with primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma（PXG）.METHODS：A retrospective comparative case series conducted at the Glaucoma Department at the Association to Prevent Blindness in Mexico.The study enrolled consecutive patients having phacoemulsification with intraocular lens（IOL）implantation and a diagnosis of POAG or PXG.Data about IOP values and number of glaucoma medications used was collected at baseline,1,3,6 and12mo postoperatively.RESULTS：The study enrolled 88 patients（88 eyes）.After phacoemulsification,there was a statistically significant reduction in IOP values and glaucoma medications use compared to baseline in both POAG and PXG patients（P〈0.001）.In the POAG group,a 20%decrease in IOP values was evidenced,and a 56.5%reduction in the number of medications used at the one-year follow-up.The PXG group showed a 20.39%,and a 34.46%decrease in IOP and number of medications used,respectively.A significant difference in the meanΔIOP（postoperative changes in IOP）was evidenced between groups（P=0.005）.The reduction of the postsurgical IOP mean values in both groups,the POAG group showed a greater reduction in IOP values compared to the PXG group.CONCLUSION：In both types of glaucoma,phacoemulsification cataract surgery can result in a significant IOP reduction（20%）over a 12mo follow-up period.The number of medications used is also significantly reduced up to 12mo after surgery,especially in the PXG group.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in Chinese patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). METHODS: Medical records of 16 patients (20 eyes) with PEX who presented to our institution between July 2008 and June 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Thirteen eyes had combined glaucoma. The information of five apparently normal fellow eyes in these patients was also recorded. Left eyes of 20 patients with bilateral senile cataracts but no other eye disease were included as controls. Specular microscopy was performed in all eyes to analyze for corneal endothelial cell density and morphology. Cell density, coefficient of variation in cell size, and percentage of hexagonal cells in corneal endothelium were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean corneal endothelial cell density in the PEX eyes was 2298+/- 239 cells/mm(2), significantly lower than that in the cataract eyes (2652+/- 18 cells/mm(2), P=0.026), but there were no significant differences in coefficient of variation of cell size and frequency of hexagonality between these two groups. No significant differences in the three parameters were found between the apparently normal fellow eyes and the PEX eyes or the cataract eyes, or between the PEX eyes with and without glaucoma. CONCLUSION: Corneal endothelial cell density may decrease in Chinese patients with PEX. The development of glaucoma in PEX eyes does not seem to be related with the change in corneal endothelial cell density or morphology.
文摘AIM：To evaluate the safety of hydroimplantation in cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.METHODS：This prospective randomized study comprised 100 eyes of 100 consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery and implantation of foldable intraocular lens（IOL）. Each eye was assigned to group 1 or group 2. Hydroimplantation without using viscoelastic agent as group 1（n=50）, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose（Eyevisc, Biotech, India） was used in group 2（n=50）. RESULTS：There were no statistically significant differences in central corneal thickness（CCT） and corneal endothelial cell count（ECC） between both groups at each visit and percentage change in CCT and ECC（P〉0.05）. The mean intraocular pressure（IOP） at postoperative 5h increased statistically significantly in group 2（P〈0.001）. There was no statistically significant difference in IOP between two groups, before and after surgery excluding the 24 h postoperative IOP, but patients in group 2 had higher IOP than that in the group 1 at 24 h after surgery（P=0.035）. No case in either group experienced posterior capsular rupture, or zonular dialysis. Fixation of the globe during IOL implantation was better in group 1 than that in group 2.CONCLUSION：Hydroimplantation has advantages in terms of IOP changes and duration of the surgery and seems to be safe in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
文摘AIM:To examine the mechanism of the development of pseudoexfoliation (PSX) syndrome via both cytokine formation and endothelial vasorelaxing and growth factors that will provide us new therapeutic insights for the treatment. METHODS:This is a cross sectional study included two groups; Group 1:control patients with nuclear cataract(n =20, aged 51-80 years). Group 2:PSX patients with nuclear cataract (n=18, aged 50-90 years). Patients with other ophthalmic problems and systemic diseases were excluded. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nitrotyrosine levels were determined through serum samples by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Nitrite-nitrate levels were measured with photometric endpoint determination. RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, VEGF, IL-1β, nitrite-nitrate and nitrotyrosine. The significant results were the mean IL-6 levels that were higher in PSX group 2 (37.68± 29.52 pg/mL) compared to that in control group 1 (15.32± 10.08 pg/mL) (P 【0.001). CONCLUSION:Several interacting and extending biochemical pathways may lead to the promotion of VEGF and IL-6 expressions. IL-6 which is the only altered marker in our study may indirectly cause an increase of vascular permeability and neovascularization. We suggest inflammation as a factor that can be involved in etiopathogenesis of PSX.
基金Partly presented as e-poster in the congress of the European Society of Cataract&Refractive Surgeons(ESCRS)8-12September 2012Milan/Italy
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effect of torsional mode phacoemulsification on central corneal thickness, corneal endothelial cell density, and morphology in eyes with/without pseudoexfoliation(PEX) syndrome.METHODS: Fourty-two consecutive patients with and42 patients without PEX as a control group scheduled for cataract surgery was studied. Phacoemulsification, using OZi L IP system, was performed with quick chop technique. Using noncontact specular microscopy, the central endothelial cell density(ECD), coefficient of variation, percentage of hexagonal cells, and the central corneal thickness(CCT) were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 7 and 30 d.RESULTS: The ECD in PEX syndrome was statistically significantly lower than that in the control group preoperatively and postoperatively(P ≤0.001).Percentage change in ECD was statistically significantly higher in PEX than that in control group after surgery follow up(P ≤0.04).There was no statistically significant difference between both groups comparing percentage of hexagonal cells and coefficient of variation in the cell size before and after the surgery. At 1 and 7d after surgery, percentage change in CCT was statistically significantly higher in PEX group than that in the control group(P ≤0.041).CONCLUSION: Although torsional mode phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation provided a safe and favorable surgical outcome in patients with/without PEX, torsional phacoemulsification led to significantly higher ECD loss in the PEX group than that in the control group during the whole follow up period.In addition, more corneal swelling in the PEX group than that in the control group during the early postoperative period has indicated that the corneal endothelium, in presence of PEX endotheliopathy, seems to be more susceptible to the effects of phacoemulsification surgeryin eyes with PEX. The increased risk of anterior chamber manipulations in patients with PEX should be taken into account for an increased risk of bullous keratopathy.
基金Supported by the Ankara Ophthalmology Society,a branch of the Turkish Society of Ophthalmology
文摘AIM：To investigate the levels of ghrelin（Gh）,acylated ghrelin（AGh） and AGh/Gh ratio in the humor aqueous（HA） of cases with pseudoexfoliation syndrome（PXS）,pseudoexfoliation glaucoma（PXG）,primary open angle glaucoma（POAG） and to compare these with control subjects.METHODS：A prospective examination was made of the total Gh,and AGh levels in HA of 67 patients undergoing cataract surgery.Patients were divided into 4 groups.HA samples were aspirated at the beginning of the surgery,stored at -70℃.Gh and AGh quantification was performed with ELISA kits and the AGh/total-Gh ratios were calculated.ANOVA,Kruskal-Wallis,Chi-square and post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS：Total Gh levels in HA were 189.2±45.6 pg/mL in the control group,199.2±32.9 pg/mL in PXS,180.6±20.9 pg/mL in PXG and 176.8±21.4 pg/mL in POAG groups（P〉0.05）.AGh levels in HA were 23.09±5.01 pg/mL in the control group,24.13±5.22 pg/mL in PXS,22.29±1.55 pg/m L in PXG and 19.69±2.93 pg/mL in POAG groups（P〉0.05）.The ratio of AGh/Gh was 10.3%±2.34% in the control group,13.03%±2.58% in PXS,12.3%±1.54% in PXG and 11.79%±1.41% in POAG groups（P=0.044）.The difference between the PXS and control groups was significant（P=0.03）.CONCLUSION：In spite of statistically insignificant results,the HA total Gh levels were lower than those of the control subjects but not parallel with the AGh levels in glaucoma patients.The relative increase in the AGh/Gh ratio in glaucoma cases supports the view that proportional increases of AGh might play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
文摘AIM: To compare retinal artery-vein diameters(RAVDs)of patients with pseudoexfoliation(PSX) syndrome with healthy controls and investigate the correlations between retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness parameters and RAVDs.METHODS: Seventeen eyes with PSX and 17 eyes of age-matched controls were included in the study. All participants underwent routine ophthalmological examination, Humphrey visual field and RNFL examination by using Stratus OCT. Retinal images were obtained by using a retinal camera(Topcon 501X).RAVDs were measured from inferior nasal, inferior temporal, superior nasal and superior temporal arcuates by using IMAGEnet software. Superior, inferior, nasal,temporal and average RNFL thicknesses were recorded.RAVDs and RNFL parameters in groups and correlations were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Spearmann correlation tests.RESULTS: Only inferior quadrant and average RNFL thickness were detected thinner in the PSX group compared with control group(P =0.009, P =0.038,respectively). No statistically significant difference regarding RAVDs was found between two groups.CONCLUSION: RAVDs seems to be comparable in the PSX and control group. RNFL is thinner in the inferior quadrant in the PSX group. RNFL thickness and RAVDs show significant correlations in both groups. This correlation doesn’t seem to be specific to PSX.
文摘AIMTo establish the role of nitric oxide (NO), ascorbic acid and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG).METHODSOur study included 120 patients who were referred for cataract surgery. All patients were divided into four groups according to clinical findings: XFG, early and late pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS), and cataract (without pseudoexfoliation). Serum and aqueous humour levels of the ascorbic acid, NO and TNF-α were measured. The concentrations of the ascorbic acid and NO were measured by an appropriate spectrophotometric method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine TNF-α level.RESULTSAqueous humour concentration of ascorbic acid was significantly lower in patients with late XFS (0.61±0.11 mmol/L) and XFG (0.48±0.15 mmol/L) compared to patients with early XFS (0.9±0.15 mmol/L) and cataract (1.16±0.22 mmol/L), while there was no difference in serum concentration in all examined groups. Aqueous humour concentration of NO was significantly higher in patients with XFG (77.7±11.4 µmol/L) compared to patients with early XFS (50.27±9.34 µmol/L) and cataract (49.77±7.1 µmol/L), while serum concentration was increased in the early stage of XFS (73.26±8.29 µmol/L). Aqueous humour level of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α was increased in patients with XFS (early 460.04±18.32 pg/mL; late 502.42±53.23 pg/mL) and XFG (510.34±43.07 pg/mL), while there was no difference in serum level in all examined groups of patients.CONCLUSIONReduced ascorbic acid and elevated NO and inflammation related cytokine TNF-α level in aqueous humour of the patients with developed XFG suggest that oxidative stress induces local inflammation.
文摘·AIM: To compare the anterior segment morphology evaluated using ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) in patients with clinical pseudoexfoliation syndrome(XFS)in one eye and no clinical XFS in the fellow eye.·METHODS: Thirty patients with unilateral XFS were included in the study. All patients underwent evaluation of their anterior segment using UBM with and without dilatation with 1% cyclopentolate. The anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), anterior chamber angle(ACA), ciliary body thickness(CBT), scleral thickness(ST), trabeculae-ciliary processes distance(T-CPD), and iris-ciliary processes distance(I-CPD) were measured using UBM scans. All results between the eyes with clinical XFS and their fellow eyes without clinical XFS were then compared.·RESULTS: Before dilatation the eyes with XFS(4.350±0.531 mm) were found to have a significantly thicker lens(P =0.002) than the eyes without XFS(4.238 ±0.540 mm).In addition after dilatation, the eyes with XFS(4.310 ±0.500 mm) were found to have a significantly thicker lens than the eyes without XFS(4.160±0.480 mm)(P=0.019).The average ACD, for the group with XFS, comparing pre-dilatation(2.616 ±0.349 mm) and post-dilatation measurements(2.714±0.413) was found to be statistically increased(P =0.014). The average ACD, comparing pre-dilatation to post-dilatation measurements in patients without XFS(2.680±0.360),(2.720±0.500) was found to be statistically unchanged(P =0.450).·CONCLUSION: Crystalline lenses tended to be thicker in the eyes with clinical pseudoexfoliation than their fellow eyes without pseudoexfoliation.
文摘AIM:To evaluate and compare the peripapillary and retinal vasculature changes in primary open angle glaucoma(POAG),pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(PXG),ocular hypertension(OHT)and normal eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A total of 114 POAG,PXG and OHT eyes of 60 patients and 46 eyes of 23 healthy control participants with good quality OCTA images were included.The PXG,POAG,OHT,and control groups(aged 68.17±6.30 y,61.11±10.26 y,58.1±8.9 y,and 56.9±4.6 y,respectively)contained of 46,36,32,and 46 eyes,respectively.Measurements of vessel density(VD)in the peripapillary region and macula,average retinal inner thickness,and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT)were compared among groups.In order to test the accuracy of differentiation between eyes with and without glaucoma,the area was calculated under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS:The VD in glaucomatous eyes was significantly lower than the control group in all peripapillary sectors(44.35%±6.78%vs 50.47%±1.83%,P<0.001),the superficial(44.08%±5.46%vs 51.28%±2.85%,P<0.001)and the deep(45.13%±8.55%vs 54.20%±5.44%,P<0.001)vascular plexus.There was a significant difference in peripapillary VD between glaucomatous and OHT eyes(44.35%±6.78%vs 49.86%±2.45%,P<0.001).The OHT group featured a lower superficial(48.06%±4.32%vs 51.28%±2.85%,P=0.027)and deep plexus(48.70%±5.99%vs 54.20%±5.44%,P=0.013)whole image vessel density(wiVD)than did the control group.The average macular superficial plexus wiVD was significantly lower in eyes with PXG than in eyes with POAG(42.22%±5.36%vs 46.54%±5.56%,P=0.046).CONCLUSION:OCTA can measure reduced peripapillary and macular VD in eyes with glaucoma and OHT,and these results are correlated to functional and structural glaucomatous alterations.Peripapillary and macular superficial plexus VD is lower in eyes with PXG than in eyes with POAG.Furthermore,the OHT eyes demonstrate impaired macular vasculature in both superficial and deep plexus.
文摘AIMTo investigate the oxidative stress status of the aqueous humor and serum of patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) and to measure paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase (ARE) levels.METHODSA total of 78 patients were enrolled in the study, with 26 patients in each separate group. The patients were divided into three groups: the first group entailed PEX syndrome patients, while the second group consisted of patients with PEG and the third group involved patients with no additional systemic diseases, other than the diagnosis of cataract as control. Total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), PON, and ARE levels in aqueous humor and serum were measured.RESULTSTAC, PON and arylesterase levels in aqueous humor and serum of the PEX syndrome and PEG patients were significantly decreased compared with control group (P<0.05). TOS values were higher in patients with PEX syndrome and PEG than controls (P<0.05). TAC, PON and ARE levels of aqueous humor did not differ significantly between the PEX syndrome and PEG groupsCONCLUSIONThese findings are potentially of significance and add to the growing body of evidence for oxidative stress in PEX syndrome and PEG. Decreased antioxidant defense and increased oxidative stress system may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PEX syndrome and PEG.
文摘Pseudoexfoliation(PEX) syndrome is a well-recognized late-onset disease caused by a generalized fibrillopathy. It is linked to a broad spectrum of ocular complications including glaucoma and perioperative problems during cataract surgery. Apart from the long-known intraocular manifestations, PEX deposits have been found in a variety of extraocular locations and they appear to represent a systemic process associated with increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity. However, as published results are inconsistent, the clinical significance of the extraocular PEX deposits remains controversial. Identification of PEX deposits in the heart and the vessel wall, epidemiologic studies, as well as, similarities in pathogenetic mechanisms have led to the hypothesis of a possible relation between fibrillar material and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies suggest that PEX syndrome is frequently linked to impaired heart and blood vessels function. Systemic and ocular blood flow changes, altered parasympathetic vascular control and baroreflex sensitivity, increased vascular resistance and decreased blood flow velocity, arterial endothelial dysfunction, high levels of plasma homocysteine and arterial hypertension have all been demonstrated in PEX subjects. Common features in the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis and PEX, like oxidative stress and inflammation and a possible higher frequency of abdominal aorta aneurysm in PEX patients, could imply that these grey-white deposits and cardiovascular disorders are related or reflect different manifestations of the same process.
文摘AIMTo evaluate the possible relationship of optic disc area with retina nerve fiber layer in different glaucoma subtypes.METHODSOne eye each was chosen from 45 patients with ocular hypertension, 45 patients with primary open angle glaucoma, 45 patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and 45 healthy controls followed in our hospital. The records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Optic disc area and circumpapillary retina nerve fiber layer measurements were obtained using optical coherence tomography. Central corneal thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry.RESULTSThe median disc area in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma was significantly higher than the patients with ocular hypertension (2.19 vs 1.90 mm<sup>2</sup>, P=0.030). The median retina nerve fiber layer was thinner in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma than the patients with ocular hypertension for superior, inferior and temporal quadrants. After adjustment for age, no difference in central corneal thickness was found between the groups. Greater disc area was associated with thicker retinal nerve fiber layer for superior, inferior and nasal quadrants in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma. There was no correlation between disc area and central corneal thickness measurements of the groups.CONCLUSIONDisc size affects the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma and is a possible risk factor for glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
文摘In spite of a steady improvement in the safety of cataract surgery since the inception of phacoemulsification, diagnosing and managing posterior capsular rent still remains a challenge. Identification of the pre-existing risk factors is of utmost importance so that precautionary modifications are done in the surgery to prevent this complication. Once it happens, timely realization and appropriate management can have excellent outcomes.
基金Spported by the Eskisehir Osmangazi University Scientific Research Project Commission(No.1311042)
文摘AIM： To investigate the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome （PEX） and its associations with ocular and systemic diseases in a population sample aged over 40y. METHODS： A total of 2356 subjects were randomly chosen for the sample population based on the database of the Turkish Statistical Agency in Eskisehir. Of the invited 2356 subjects, 2017 subjects participated, out of which 2009 were eligible for the study. Systemic diseases, drug use, smoking and body mass index were assessed using questionnaires. Measurements of central corneal thickness （CCT）, anterior chamber depth （ACD） and intraocular pressure （IOP） were performed during June to December, 2015. After pupillary dilation, the anterior segment and lenses were evaluated using a slit lamp.RESULTS： Prevalence of PEX in this sample was 5.0% （n=100）. Of patients with PEX, 26% also had glaucoma. Incidence of cataracts, and using drugs for hypertension, cardiac and psychiatric conditions was higher in patients with PEX compared to normal cases （P〈0.05）. Hearing loss was more common in PEX cases （34.0% vs 5.4%; P〈0.001）. The mean CCT, ACD and IOP were not significantly different between PEX and non-PEX cases.CONCLUSION： This study is the first population-based, randomized trial in Turkey. Prevalence of PEX in patients over 40 years old was found to be 5.0%. Besides glaucoma and cataract, hypertension, hearing loss, using drugs for cardiac and psychiatric diseases were associated with PEX.
文摘AIM： To evaluate total antioxidant status （TAS）, total oxidant status （TOS）, and the oxidative stress index （OSI） of the aqueous humor （AH） in patients with glaucoma. METHODS： The prospective study was composed of a study group （n-31） and a control group （n=31）. Fifteen patients in the study group were diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma （POAG）, and 16 patients were diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma （PEG）. The control group was composed of non-glaucomatous patients with cataracts. AH samples were collected and analyzed for TAS, TOS, and OSI levels. RESULTS： Mean AH TAS level was significantly higher in patients with glaucoma than that in the control group （P〈0.01）. Mean TOS and OSI levels tended to increase in patients with glaucoma. No significant differences in TAS, TOS, or OSI levels were observed between patients with POAG and PEG. CONCLUSION： High levels of TAS were observed in patients with glaucoma, which was likely a response to the increased oxidative stress observed in these patients.
文摘AIM:To evaluate relationship between ocular pseudoex-foliation syndrom(PXF) and sensory-neural hearing loss(SNHL).· METHODS:This prospective case-control study was designed on patients who referred to a general ophthalmic clinic at Imam Khomeini Medical Center,Urmia,Iran(March 2010 through November 2010).On routine ophthalmic examination,patients diagnosed with ocular PXF were referred to the ENT department and,selected cases(after evaluating inclusion and exclusion criteria) were referred to Audiometric Department.Pure tone hearing threshold level(HTL) was measured at 1,2,3 kHz for each ear and was compared with International Standard(ISO 7029) median age associated hearing loss at 1,2,3 kHz(AAHL).· RESULTS:Overall 21 of 50 patients(42.0%) had a higher HTL than the ISO 7029 median AAHL at 1,2 and 3kHz,which included 14 ears of 23 patients in the male group(30.4%) and 21 ears of 27 patients in the female group(38.8%).Approximately 12.0% of patients had glaucoma at the same time,however;no significant correlation was found in SNHL prevalence and severity between PXF patient and patients with simultaneous glaucoma.SNHL was more common in patients with ocular PXF compared to their age-sex matched controls(P <0.05).· CONCLUSION:Most of patients with ocular PXF had SNHL compared to their age-sex matched controls,which could be due to PXF fibrils in the inner ear.These findings suggest PXF could be a systemic disease.·
文摘Background: Globally, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is the most common form of secondary open angle glaucoma. Purpose: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) among newly diagnosed glaucoma patients in Eye Foundation Hospital Ikeja, Guinness Eye Center, Lagos University Teaching Hospital and Deseret Community Vision Institute, Ijebu Imushin. Methods: This hospital-based, descriptive cross-sectional study included newly diagnosed adult glaucoma patients at the glaucoma clinics of three tertiary eye care centers. A study proforma was used to obtain socio-demographic information, medical history, ocular history and relevant findings on ocular and systemic examination. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed. Values were considered statistically significant where P Results: One hundred and forty adult glaucoma patients aged 60.5 ± 11.9 SD years and male to female ratio of 2:1 were examined. The prevalence of PXG among the glaucoma patients was 16.9%. The pseudoexfoliative material (PXM) was most commonly found on the pupil (39%). Common ocular features seen among PXG patients were poor pupillary dilation with mydriatic agents (44%) and Sampaolesi’s line in the anterior chamber angle (41%). A higher proportion of PXG patients than primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients showed signs of severe glaucoma, including severe optic disc cupping (P = 0.019) and visual field defects (P = 0.014). Hearing defects were the only significantly associated non-ocular feature (P = 0.0005). Conclusion: The prevalence of PXG was 16.9%. This implies that it is relatively common in Nigeria. Hearing loss is an important non-ocular association. Careful ocular examination of glaucoma patients is recommended to identify PXG, which runs a more severe clinical course than POAG.
基金Supported by a research grant from Beaver-Visited International,the manufacturer of the I-ring
文摘BACKGROUND The retrospective review of I-ring pupil expansion ring use is designed to examine the patient characteristics and associated surgical challenges in a clinical practice.The hypothesis is that I-ring provides a necessary additive tool in dealing with challenging cataract surgeries with small pupils.AIM To document the safety profile and use of I-ring pupil expansion ring in a clinical practice.METHODS A retrospective chart review of 12 consecutive cases within the same year(2016)of cataract surgeries employing I-ring pupil expansion ring(Beaver-Visitec,International)by a single surgeon at the same ambulatory surgical center was conducted.Demographic,pre-op,intra-op,and post-op data were recorded.Total number of cataract cases performed was also recorded.RESULTS 8 of 12 cases were planned I-ring cases.1 case was decided intraoperatively when femtosecond laser caused the pupil to shrink.The other 3 cases were also decided upon intraoperatively when pupil was deemed to be small.7 patients had IFIS from Flomax use.2 patients had pseudoexfoliation syndrome as the cause of small pupil.2 patients had narrow angles with brunescent cataracts.2 patients had pre-op partial zonular dehiscence.1 patient had 360o of posterior synechiae.2 cases had ruptured posterior capsule that required anterior vitrectomy.No complications were attributed to the pupil expansion ring.A total of 296 cataract surgeries were performed that year by the surgeon,making the rate of pupil ring use 4.1%.CONCLUSION Small pupil requiring pupil expansion ring during cataract surgery is often associated with other challenges,such as brunescent cataract,zonular weakness,and posterior synechiae in this series.I-ring helped to reduce at least one challenge in these difficult cases.
