Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) reactivation may occur after the use of biologic agents. During the last decade, utilization of biologics has changed the fate of many treated for cancer, autoimmune and connect...Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) reactivation may occur after the use of biologic agents. During the last decade, utilization of biologics has changed the fate of many treated for cancer, autoimmune and connective tissue disease, mainte-nance of transplanted organs, and the prevention of graft-versus-host disease among others. HBV reactivation has been reported in up to 50% of HBV carriers undergoing immuno-suppressive therapy, and there is emerging data pointing towards an increased risk for HCV reactivation. If reactivation of HBV and HCV occurs, the spectrum of clinical manifestations can range from asymptomatic hepatitis flares to hepatic decompensation, fulminant hepatic failure, and death. Therefore, identifying patients at risk and early diagnosis are imperative to decrease significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this article is to review the pathophysiology of the reactivation of HBV and HCV infection in patients receiving biologic therapies and the approaches used to diagnose, prevent, and treat HBV and HCV reactivation.展开更多
Background Large drusen is a known risk factor for the development of late complications of age-related macular degeneration （AMD） and drusen reduction has been found by our previous study. To prospectively evaluate...Background Large drusen is a known risk factor for the development of late complications of age-related macular degeneration （AMD） and drusen reduction has been found by our previous study. To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic laser treatment in Chinese patients with bilateral soft drusen, we examined the structure and function of the macula 8 years after treatment.Methods Ten patients with more than 10 soft drusen （〉125 mm） and best corrected visual acuity 〉20/25 in each eye participated in the study. One eye, with relatively more drusen, was exposed to an argon laser （514 nm） to achieve a barely visible retinal lesion. The contralateral eye was used as a control. Fluorescein angiography, Amsler tests,Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography and visual evoked potential tests were carried out 8 years later.Results No choroidal neovascularization was seen in the laser-treated eyes or control eyes. There were no significant differences in visual acuity or P100 latency and amplitude between the laser treated eyes and contralateral eyes （t=1.685,1.184; P〉0.05）. The thickness of the retinal pigment epithelium of the treated eyes was less than that of the contralateral eyes （t=-4.540; P 〈0.05）. The full retinal thickness in treated eyes was slightly, but insignificantly, reduced relative to contralateral eyes （t=-1.746; P 〉0.05）.Conclusions The treatment was associated with a reduction in retinal pigment epithelium thickness elevation compared with the contralateral eyes. Macular function was not impaired.展开更多
文摘Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) reactivation may occur after the use of biologic agents. During the last decade, utilization of biologics has changed the fate of many treated for cancer, autoimmune and connective tissue disease, mainte-nance of transplanted organs, and the prevention of graft-versus-host disease among others. HBV reactivation has been reported in up to 50% of HBV carriers undergoing immuno-suppressive therapy, and there is emerging data pointing towards an increased risk for HCV reactivation. If reactivation of HBV and HCV occurs, the spectrum of clinical manifestations can range from asymptomatic hepatitis flares to hepatic decompensation, fulminant hepatic failure, and death. Therefore, identifying patients at risk and early diagnosis are imperative to decrease significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this article is to review the pathophysiology of the reactivation of HBV and HCV infection in patients receiving biologic therapies and the approaches used to diagnose, prevent, and treat HBV and HCV reactivation.
文摘Background Large drusen is a known risk factor for the development of late complications of age-related macular degeneration （AMD） and drusen reduction has been found by our previous study. To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic laser treatment in Chinese patients with bilateral soft drusen, we examined the structure and function of the macula 8 years after treatment.Methods Ten patients with more than 10 soft drusen （〉125 mm） and best corrected visual acuity 〉20/25 in each eye participated in the study. One eye, with relatively more drusen, was exposed to an argon laser （514 nm） to achieve a barely visible retinal lesion. The contralateral eye was used as a control. Fluorescein angiography, Amsler tests,Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography and visual evoked potential tests were carried out 8 years later.Results No choroidal neovascularization was seen in the laser-treated eyes or control eyes. There were no significant differences in visual acuity or P100 latency and amplitude between the laser treated eyes and contralateral eyes （t=1.685,1.184; P〉0.05）. The thickness of the retinal pigment epithelium of the treated eyes was less than that of the contralateral eyes （t=-4.540; P 〈0.05）. The full retinal thickness in treated eyes was slightly, but insignificantly, reduced relative to contralateral eyes （t=-1.746; P 〉0.05）.Conclusions The treatment was associated with a reduction in retinal pigment epithelium thickness elevation compared with the contralateral eyes. Macular function was not impaired.
