Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and scarring, primarily affecting areas rich in apocrine glands. Environmental and occupational risk...Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and scarring, primarily affecting areas rich in apocrine glands. Environmental and occupational risk factors, including prolonged exposure to heat, friction, and certain chemicals, have been identified as exacerbating conditions for HS. Yet, there remains a lack of tailored recommendations for modifying work environments to alleviate these triggers. This review presents novel suggestions for work modifications to reduce HS flare-ups, such as implementing breathable, friction-reducing workwear, ergonomic adjustments to minimize pressure on affected areas, and introducing low-irritant hygiene protocols in workplaces with chemical exposure. These recommendations are grounded in emerging evidence linking specific occupational exposures to the exacerbation of HS symptoms. The novelty of this approach lies in its proactive stance, shifting from reactive management of HS symptoms to preventative environmental modifications. Future studies should explore the long-term efficacy of these modifications and investigate the potential for personalized work environment adjustments based on individual patient profiles. Targeted workplace interventions may significantly improve the quality of life for HS patients, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists, occupational health specialists, and employers.展开更多
抗逆转录病毒疗法(antiretroviral therapy,ART)可对人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染进行有效的长期抑制性治疗,使获得性免疫缺乏综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)从世纪绝症逐渐转变为一种可...抗逆转录病毒疗法(antiretroviral therapy,ART)可对人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染进行有效的长期抑制性治疗,使获得性免疫缺乏综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)从世纪绝症逐渐转变为一种可控可治的慢性疾病。虽然新增感染者人数总体趋势在下降,但每年HIV新增感染人数及因AIDS死亡人数仍十分巨大,HIV/AIDS仍是全球最大的公共卫生挑战之一。我国乃至世界的AIDS防治事业仍然任重而道远,消除AIDS仍面临严峻挑战。流行病学上,HIV/AIDS多分布在非洲等医疗手段有限的贫困地区,且男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)、性工作者、注射毒品人群(people who inject drugs,PWID)成为主要易感人群;预防策略上,预防母婴传播(prevention of mother-to-child transmission,PMTCT)服务、治疗作为预防(treatment as prevention,TasP)和暴露前预防(pre-exposure prophylaxis,PrEP)取得了一定的成效,但覆盖率仍然有限;治疗进展上,多个国家的HIV耐药性程度增加至10%以上,耐药程度进一步发展,而HIV/AIDS治愈研究及疫苗研发目前还处于动物实验或细胞实验阶段。过去10年内我国多个应对措施阻止了HIV进一步流行,并提高了HIV感染者/AIDS患者的生活质量,与此同时,我国也面临着以下挑战:针对性的预防方案、关键易感人群的增加(MSM、PWID以及青少年)、HIV感染者的长期护理、PMTCT服务覆盖率、消除歧视进程等。本文就近年来国际及我国HIV/AIDS流行现状及防治进展进行综述。展开更多
文摘Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and scarring, primarily affecting areas rich in apocrine glands. Environmental and occupational risk factors, including prolonged exposure to heat, friction, and certain chemicals, have been identified as exacerbating conditions for HS. Yet, there remains a lack of tailored recommendations for modifying work environments to alleviate these triggers. This review presents novel suggestions for work modifications to reduce HS flare-ups, such as implementing breathable, friction-reducing workwear, ergonomic adjustments to minimize pressure on affected areas, and introducing low-irritant hygiene protocols in workplaces with chemical exposure. These recommendations are grounded in emerging evidence linking specific occupational exposures to the exacerbation of HS symptoms. The novelty of this approach lies in its proactive stance, shifting from reactive management of HS symptoms to preventative environmental modifications. Future studies should explore the long-term efficacy of these modifications and investigate the potential for personalized work environment adjustments based on individual patient profiles. Targeted workplace interventions may significantly improve the quality of life for HS patients, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists, occupational health specialists, and employers.
文摘抗逆转录病毒疗法(antiretroviral therapy,ART)可对人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染进行有效的长期抑制性治疗,使获得性免疫缺乏综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)从世纪绝症逐渐转变为一种可控可治的慢性疾病。虽然新增感染者人数总体趋势在下降,但每年HIV新增感染人数及因AIDS死亡人数仍十分巨大,HIV/AIDS仍是全球最大的公共卫生挑战之一。我国乃至世界的AIDS防治事业仍然任重而道远,消除AIDS仍面临严峻挑战。流行病学上,HIV/AIDS多分布在非洲等医疗手段有限的贫困地区,且男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)、性工作者、注射毒品人群(people who inject drugs,PWID)成为主要易感人群;预防策略上,预防母婴传播(prevention of mother-to-child transmission,PMTCT)服务、治疗作为预防(treatment as prevention,TasP)和暴露前预防(pre-exposure prophylaxis,PrEP)取得了一定的成效,但覆盖率仍然有限;治疗进展上,多个国家的HIV耐药性程度增加至10%以上,耐药程度进一步发展,而HIV/AIDS治愈研究及疫苗研发目前还处于动物实验或细胞实验阶段。过去10年内我国多个应对措施阻止了HIV进一步流行,并提高了HIV感染者/AIDS患者的生活质量,与此同时,我国也面临着以下挑战:针对性的预防方案、关键易感人群的增加(MSM、PWID以及青少年)、HIV感染者的长期护理、PMTCT服务覆盖率、消除歧视进程等。本文就近年来国际及我国HIV/AIDS流行现状及防治进展进行综述。
