Removing high-risk and persistent contaminants from water is challenging,because they typically exist at low concentrations in complex water matrices.Electrified flow-through technologies are viable to overcome the li...Removing high-risk and persistent contaminants from water is challenging,because they typically exist at low concentrations in complex water matrices.Electrified flow-through technologies are viable to overcome the limitations induced by mass transport for efficient contaminant removal.Modifying the local environment of the flow-through electrodes offers opportunities to further improve the reaction kinetics and selectivity for achieving near-complete removal of these contaminants from water.Here,we present state-of-the-art local environment modification approaches that can be incorporated into electrified flow-through technologies to intensify water treatment.We first show methods of nanospace incorporation,local geometry adjustment,and microporous structure optimization that can induce spatial confinement,enhanced local electric field,and microperiodic vortex,respectively,for local environment modification.We then discuss why local environment modification can complement the flow-through electrodes for improving the reaction rate and selectivity.Finally,we outline appropriate scenarios of intensifying electrified flow-through technologies through local environment modification for fit-for-purpose water treatment applications.展开更多
Purification capacity of a faucet mounted type water filter for home use was evaluated, particularly with regard to microbiological performance under different running conditions. Biofilms were formed inside the filte...Purification capacity of a faucet mounted type water filter for home use was evaluated, particularly with regard to microbiological performance under different running conditions. Biofilms were formed inside the filter, affecting the bacterial quality of the effluent water. Low flow rate, long stagnation period and high filter temperature were found favorable for bacterial growth inside. By commercial analytical profile index （API） kits, ten different bacterial species were identified in drinking water, four of which were probably contributed to the biofilm formation since they were also present in the biofilm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） was used to confirm the API identification results, and direct viable count （DVC） method was employed to improve the sensitivity of FISH for the isolated Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas putida as models. Relationship between the filter operating condition and the bacterial community alteration was partly revealed, which could provide the basic knowledge for the filter design and its practical use.展开更多
The development of self-powered water purification technologies for decentralized applications is crucial for ensuring the provision of drinking water in resource-limited regions. The elimination of the dependence on ...The development of self-powered water purification technologies for decentralized applications is crucial for ensuring the provision of drinking water in resource-limited regions. The elimination of the dependence on external energy inputs and the attainment of self-powered status significantly expands the applicability of the treatment system in real-world scenarios. Hybrid energy harvesters, which convert multiple ambient energies simultaneously, show the potential to drive self-powered water purification facilities under fluctuating actual conditions. Here, we propose recent advancements in hybrid energy systems that simultaneously harvest various ambient energies (e.g., photo irradiation, flow kinetic, thermal, and vibration) to drive water purification processes. The mechanisms of various energy harvesters and point-of-use water purification treatments are first outlined. Then we summarize the hybrid energy harvesters that can drive water purification treatment. These hybrid energy harvesters are based on the mechanisms of mechanical and photovoltaic, mechanical and thermal, and thermal and photovoltaic effects. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential for advancing beyond the current state-of-the-art of hybrid energy harvester-driven water treatment processes. Future endeavors should focus on improving catalyst efficiency and developing sustainable hybrid energy harvesters to drive self-powered treatments under unstable conditions (e.g., fluctuating temperatures and humidity).展开更多
Drinking water source contamination poses a great threat to human health in developing countries.Point-of-use(POU)water treatment techniques,which improve drinking water quality at the household level,offer an afforda...Drinking water source contamination poses a great threat to human health in developing countries.Point-of-use(POU)water treatment techniques,which improve drinking water quality at the household level,offer an affordable and convenient way to obtain safe drinking water and thus can reduce the outbreaks of waterbome diseases.Ceramic water filters(CWFs),fabricated from locally sourced materials and manufactured by local labor,are one of the most socially acceptable POU water treatment technologies because of their effectiveness,low-cost and ease of use.This review concisely summarizes the critical factors that influence the performance of CWFs,including(1)CWF manufacturing process(raw material selection,firing process,silver impregnation),and(2)source water quality.Then,an in-depth discussion is presented with emphasis on key research efforts to address two major challenges of conventional CWFs,including(1)simultaneous increase of filter flow rate and bacterial removal efficiency,and(2)removal of various concerning pollutants,such as viruses and metal(loid)s.To promote the application of CWFs,future research directions can focus on:(1)investigation of pore size distribution and pore structure to achieve higher flow rates and effective pathogen removal by elucidating pathogen transport in porous ceramic and adjusting manufacture parameters;and(2)exploration of new surface modification approaches with enhanced interaction between a variety of contaminants and ceramic surfaces.展开更多
The control of health risks and the provision of safe drinking water have received great concern in the research field of the science and technologies of drinking water purification. The chemicals, microorganisms, and...The control of health risks and the provision of safe drinking water have received great concern in the research field of the science and technologies of drinking water purification. The chemicals, microorganisms, and nano-materials in drinking water exhibit the basic characteristics of low-dosage, complexity, and hard-to-control, and promote potential health risks during the treatment, distribution, and storing of drinking water. The establishment of point-of-use (POU) systems is required for the control of health risks in drinking water according to these practical requirements. This study proposed the philosophy of point-of-use (POU) systems which aimed to control the health risks in drinking water, and introduced several key unit processes. Based on the idea above, the POU systems for health risks control have been developed and successfully used in the Olympic Village and its core areas during the period of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.展开更多
文摘Removing high-risk and persistent contaminants from water is challenging,because they typically exist at low concentrations in complex water matrices.Electrified flow-through technologies are viable to overcome the limitations induced by mass transport for efficient contaminant removal.Modifying the local environment of the flow-through electrodes offers opportunities to further improve the reaction kinetics and selectivity for achieving near-complete removal of these contaminants from water.Here,we present state-of-the-art local environment modification approaches that can be incorporated into electrified flow-through technologies to intensify water treatment.We first show methods of nanospace incorporation,local geometry adjustment,and microporous structure optimization that can induce spatial confinement,enhanced local electric field,and microperiodic vortex,respectively,for local environment modification.We then discuss why local environment modification can complement the flow-through electrodes for improving the reaction rate and selectivity.Finally,we outline appropriate scenarios of intensifying electrified flow-through technologies through local environment modification for fit-for-purpose water treatment applications.
基金supported by the Proctor and Gamble Company and in part by Boshidian Fund of Ministry of Education of China(No.200800030046)
文摘Purification capacity of a faucet mounted type water filter for home use was evaluated, particularly with regard to microbiological performance under different running conditions. Biofilms were formed inside the filter, affecting the bacterial quality of the effluent water. Low flow rate, long stagnation period and high filter temperature were found favorable for bacterial growth inside. By commercial analytical profile index （API） kits, ten different bacterial species were identified in drinking water, four of which were probably contributed to the biofilm formation since they were also present in the biofilm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） was used to confirm the API identification results, and direct viable count （DVC） method was employed to improve the sensitivity of FISH for the isolated Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas putida as models. Relationship between the filter operating condition and the bacterial community alteration was partly revealed, which could provide the basic knowledge for the filter design and its practical use.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3205400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52200079).
文摘The development of self-powered water purification technologies for decentralized applications is crucial for ensuring the provision of drinking water in resource-limited regions. The elimination of the dependence on external energy inputs and the attainment of self-powered status significantly expands the applicability of the treatment system in real-world scenarios. Hybrid energy harvesters, which convert multiple ambient energies simultaneously, show the potential to drive self-powered water purification facilities under fluctuating actual conditions. Here, we propose recent advancements in hybrid energy systems that simultaneously harvest various ambient energies (e.g., photo irradiation, flow kinetic, thermal, and vibration) to drive water purification processes. The mechanisms of various energy harvesters and point-of-use water purification treatments are first outlined. Then we summarize the hybrid energy harvesters that can drive water purification treatment. These hybrid energy harvesters are based on the mechanisms of mechanical and photovoltaic, mechanical and thermal, and thermal and photovoltaic effects. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential for advancing beyond the current state-of-the-art of hybrid energy harvester-driven water treatment processes. Future endeavors should focus on improving catalyst efficiency and developing sustainable hybrid energy harvesters to drive self-powered treatments under unstable conditions (e.g., fluctuating temperatures and humidity).
基金supported by the University of Wisconsin Applied Research Grant(MIL111691)the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Catalyst Grant(MIL113501).
文摘Drinking water source contamination poses a great threat to human health in developing countries.Point-of-use(POU)water treatment techniques,which improve drinking water quality at the household level,offer an affordable and convenient way to obtain safe drinking water and thus can reduce the outbreaks of waterbome diseases.Ceramic water filters(CWFs),fabricated from locally sourced materials and manufactured by local labor,are one of the most socially acceptable POU water treatment technologies because of their effectiveness,low-cost and ease of use.This review concisely summarizes the critical factors that influence the performance of CWFs,including(1)CWF manufacturing process(raw material selection,firing process,silver impregnation),and(2)source water quality.Then,an in-depth discussion is presented with emphasis on key research efforts to address two major challenges of conventional CWFs,including(1)simultaneous increase of filter flow rate and bacterial removal efficiency,and(2)removal of various concerning pollutants,such as viruses and metal(loid)s.To promote the application of CWFs,future research directions can focus on:(1)investigation of pore size distribution and pore structure to achieve higher flow rates and effective pathogen removal by elucidating pathogen transport in porous ceramic and adjusting manufacture parameters;and(2)exploration of new surface modification approaches with enhanced interaction between a variety of contaminants and ceramic surfaces.
基金Supported by the Founds for Creative Research Groups of China(Grant No.50621804)
文摘The control of health risks and the provision of safe drinking water have received great concern in the research field of the science and technologies of drinking water purification. The chemicals, microorganisms, and nano-materials in drinking water exhibit the basic characteristics of low-dosage, complexity, and hard-to-control, and promote potential health risks during the treatment, distribution, and storing of drinking water. The establishment of point-of-use (POU) systems is required for the control of health risks in drinking water according to these practical requirements. This study proposed the philosophy of point-of-use (POU) systems which aimed to control the health risks in drinking water, and introduced several key unit processes. Based on the idea above, the POU systems for health risks control have been developed and successfully used in the Olympic Village and its core areas during the period of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
