Gene expression regulation plays an important role in controlling plant phenotypes and adaptation. Here, we report a comprehensive assessment of gene expression variation through the transcriptome analyses of a large ...Gene expression regulation plays an important role in controlling plant phenotypes and adaptation. Here, we report a comprehensive assessment of gene expression variation through the transcriptome analyses of a large maize-teosinte experimental population. Genome-wide mapping identified 25 660 expression quantitative trait loci （eQTL） for 17 311 genes, capturing an unprecedented range of expression variation. We found that local eQTL were more frequently mapped to adjacent genes, displaying a mode of expression piggybacking, which consequently created co-regulated gene clusters. Genes within the co-regulated gene clusters tend to have relevant functions and shared chromatin modifications. Distant eQTL formed 125 significant distant eQTL hotspots with their targets significantly enriched in specific functional cate- gories. By integrating different sources of information, we identified putative trans- regulators for a variety of metabolic pathways. We demonstrated that the bHLH transcription factor R1 and hexokinase HEX9 might act as crucial regulators for flavonoid biosynthesis and glycolysis, respectively. Moreover, we showed that domestication or improvement has significantly affected global gene expression, with many genes targeted by selection. Of particular interest, the Bx genes for benzoxazinoid biosynthesis may have undergone coordinated cis-regulatory divergence between maize and teosinte, and a transposon insertion that inactivates Bx12 was under strong selection as maize spread into temperate environments with a distinct herbivore community.展开更多
This paper presents simulation modelling of network under the conditions of self-similar traffic and bottleneck occurrence. The comparative analysis of different TCPs (NewReno, Reno, Tahoe and etc.) has been conducted...This paper presents simulation modelling of network under the conditions of self-similar traffic and bottleneck occurrence. The comparative analysis of different TCPs (NewReno, Reno, Tahoe and etc.) has been conducted along with the testing of various algorithms of these protocols activity. The use of TCP Vegas has been proved to be the most effective.展开更多
道路信号干扰造成的非可靠链路使得车载自组织网络(vehicular Ad hoc network,VANET)中的广播消息频繁发生数据丢包,由于广播消息中包含与车辆安全相关的信息,任何数据丢包都可能对车辆的安全驾驶造成严重影响。为增强车辆之间信息交互...道路信号干扰造成的非可靠链路使得车载自组织网络(vehicular Ad hoc network,VANET)中的广播消息频繁发生数据丢包,由于广播消息中包含与车辆安全相关的信息,任何数据丢包都可能对车辆的安全驾驶造成严重影响。为增强车辆之间信息交互的可靠性,提出了一种贪心背驮算法(greedy piggyback algorithm,GPA)。允许所有车辆在发送自身丢包请求的同时,从接收缓存中选取若干消息进行背驮式附带广播,对其他车辆的数据丢包进行合作恢复。针对由非对称信道引起的车辆信息孤岛问题,在贪心背驮算法的基础上提出了一种基于策略学习的交互背驮算法(mutual learning and piggybacking algorithm,MLPA),通过车辆之间背驮策略的交互、学习提高VANET中消息广播的可靠性。仿真结果表明,GPA和MLPA不仅将车辆广播中数据接收的可靠度分别提高到0.85和0.95,还能获得较低的网络负载和较短的传输延迟。该算法可被推广至其他对实时性和可靠性要求较高的无线通信网络中。展开更多
文摘Gene expression regulation plays an important role in controlling plant phenotypes and adaptation. Here, we report a comprehensive assessment of gene expression variation through the transcriptome analyses of a large maize-teosinte experimental population. Genome-wide mapping identified 25 660 expression quantitative trait loci （eQTL） for 17 311 genes, capturing an unprecedented range of expression variation. We found that local eQTL were more frequently mapped to adjacent genes, displaying a mode of expression piggybacking, which consequently created co-regulated gene clusters. Genes within the co-regulated gene clusters tend to have relevant functions and shared chromatin modifications. Distant eQTL formed 125 significant distant eQTL hotspots with their targets significantly enriched in specific functional cate- gories. By integrating different sources of information, we identified putative trans- regulators for a variety of metabolic pathways. We demonstrated that the bHLH transcription factor R1 and hexokinase HEX9 might act as crucial regulators for flavonoid biosynthesis and glycolysis, respectively. Moreover, we showed that domestication or improvement has significantly affected global gene expression, with many genes targeted by selection. Of particular interest, the Bx genes for benzoxazinoid biosynthesis may have undergone coordinated cis-regulatory divergence between maize and teosinte, and a transposon insertion that inactivates Bx12 was under strong selection as maize spread into temperate environments with a distinct herbivore community.
文摘This paper presents simulation modelling of network under the conditions of self-similar traffic and bottleneck occurrence. The comparative analysis of different TCPs (NewReno, Reno, Tahoe and etc.) has been conducted along with the testing of various algorithms of these protocols activity. The use of TCP Vegas has been proved to be the most effective.
文摘道路信号干扰造成的非可靠链路使得车载自组织网络(vehicular Ad hoc network,VANET)中的广播消息频繁发生数据丢包,由于广播消息中包含与车辆安全相关的信息,任何数据丢包都可能对车辆的安全驾驶造成严重影响。为增强车辆之间信息交互的可靠性,提出了一种贪心背驮算法(greedy piggyback algorithm,GPA)。允许所有车辆在发送自身丢包请求的同时,从接收缓存中选取若干消息进行背驮式附带广播,对其他车辆的数据丢包进行合作恢复。针对由非对称信道引起的车辆信息孤岛问题,在贪心背驮算法的基础上提出了一种基于策略学习的交互背驮算法(mutual learning and piggybacking algorithm,MLPA),通过车辆之间背驮策略的交互、学习提高VANET中消息广播的可靠性。仿真结果表明,GPA和MLPA不仅将车辆广播中数据接收的可靠度分别提高到0.85和0.95,还能获得较低的网络负载和较短的传输延迟。该算法可被推广至其他对实时性和可靠性要求较高的无线通信网络中。
