[目的]探讨重复经倾磁刺激技术(repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)联合高压氧治疗对重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者炎症因子、认知功能及脑血流的影响。[方法]选择2017年10月至2020年2月本院收治的120例重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者,根...[目的]探讨重复经倾磁刺激技术(repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)联合高压氧治疗对重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者炎症因子、认知功能及脑血流的影响。[方法]选择2017年10月至2020年2月本院收治的120例重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者,根据随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各60例。分别采用rTMS治疗和rT-MS联合高压氧治疗,并对比两组患者脑电图(EEG)以及治疗后各时间段的炎症因子、脑血流动力学、格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分(GCS)、修订版昏迷恢复量表评分(CRS-R)、简易智力状态检查量表评分(MMSE)的变化情况。[结果]治疗后2周和4周观察组患者GCS评分分别为(10.49±3.26)分和(13.87±1.41)分;CRS-R评分分别为(16.49±3.62)分和(21.32±1.39)分,两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗后4周的MMSE总分为(27.46±2.46)分,高于对照组的(23.39±2.33)分,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后2周和4周患者脑血管平均血流速度(Vm)、舒张期末血流速度(Vd)、大脑中动脉收缩期峰流速(Vs)、搏动指数(PI)、白介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)改变情况均优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]rTMS联合高压氧治疗重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者临床疗效显著,可下调患者炎症因子水平,改善脑血流,促使其认知功能恢复。展开更多
An empirical simulation method to simulate the possible position of shallow rainfall-induced landslides in China has been developed.This study shows that such a simulation may be operated in real-time to highlight tho...An empirical simulation method to simulate the possible position of shallow rainfall-induced landslides in China has been developed.This study shows that such a simulation may be operated in real-time to highlight those areas that are highly prone to rainfall-induced landslides on the basis of the landslide susceptibility index and the rainfall intensity-duration(I-D) thresholds.First,the study on landslide susceptibility in China is introduced.The entire territory has been classified into five categories,among which high-susceptibility regions(Zone 4-'High' and 5-'Very high') account for 4.15%of the total extension of China.Second,rainfall is considered as an external triggering factor that may induce landslide initiation.Real-time satellite-based TMPA3B42 products may provide real rainfall spatial and temporal patterns,which may be used to derive rainfall duration time and intensity.By using a historical record of 60 significant past landslides,the rainfall I-D equation has been calibrated.The rainfall duration time that may trigger a landslide has resulted between 3 hours and 45 hours.The combination of these two aspects can be exploited to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall-induced landslide hazards when rainfall events exceed the rainfall I-D thresholds,where the susceptibility category is 'high' or 'very high'.This study shows a useful tool to be part of a systematic landslide simulation methodology,potentially providing useful information for a theoretical basis and practical guide for landslide prediction and mitigation throughout China.展开更多
Based on routine weather charts, numerical predication products and satellite cloud images, the causes of an infrequent regional hail weather process occurred in east of Gansu on Aug. 2, 2006 were diagnosed and analyz...Based on routine weather charts, numerical predication products and satellite cloud images, the causes of an infrequent regional hail weather process occurred in east of Gansu on Aug. 2, 2006 were diagnosed and analyzed. The results showed that the hail weather process occurred at the abnormal large-scale circulation leading the system to west. When the cold trough, which was separated by the north cold vortex, moved southward through Hetao and then intersected with 300 hPa jet stream and the surface cold front, that led to the strong convection. There were strong upward motion and unstable stratification in hail area, three MCS in satellite cloud, and a character of formed arch shape echo on radar echo charts.展开更多
利用加密实时雨量观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对引发2016年8月16—17日内蒙古十大孔兑地区严重山洪灾害的局地暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:(1)此次暴雨天气过程发生在"两槽一脊"的大尺度环流背景下,新疆北部及东北亚上...利用加密实时雨量观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对引发2016年8月16—17日内蒙古十大孔兑地区严重山洪灾害的局地暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:(1)此次暴雨天气过程发生在"两槽一脊"的大尺度环流背景下,新疆北部及东北亚上空的切断低压底部不断有冷空气移出,而副热带高压与大陆高压合并形成高压脊阻挡了冷空气的南下,冷暖空气在十大孔兑地区强烈交汇,引发了此次强对流天气;(2)700 h Pa上的切变线和急流加强了气流的上升运动,触发不稳定能量的释放,成为该次暴雨的主要影响系统;(3)水汽通量、垂直速度场以及假相当位温等物理量场的高低空配置和时空变化与暴雨过程的时空变化十分吻合。展开更多
By using the observation data,routine data and NCEP reanalysis data in the automatic station,5 times heavy fog weather processes in Zhangjiajie City in December,2009 were contrasted and analyzed.The results showed tha...By using the observation data,routine data and NCEP reanalysis data in the automatic station,5 times heavy fog weather processes in Zhangjiajie City in December,2009 were contrasted and analyzed.The results showed that 3 conditions were the essential conditions of heavy fog occurrence in Zhangjiajie area.3 conditions were that the wind speed was during 0.1-3.0 m/s,the relative humidity ≥90% and the depression of dew point ΔT ≤1.5 ℃.The fog concentration had no positive correlation relationship with the above conditions.The accumulation of humidity condition in the previous period was also the main reason which affected the generation of heavy fog.The physical quantity field which related to the stability and the relative humidity field which related to the water vapor condition had the certain directive significance for forecasting the heavy fog weather.The fog concentration presented the positive correlation relationship with the inversion intensity.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a rare low temperature and rainy weather process which happened in Anhui Province from July 22 to August 14,2009.[Method] Based on the data of conventional observation,NCEP an...[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a rare low temperature and rainy weather process which happened in Anhui Province from July 22 to August 14,2009.[Method] Based on the data of conventional observation,NCEP analysis field and automatic station,a rare low temperature and rainy weather process which occurred in Anhui Province from July 22 to August 14,2009 was analyzed.The formation reason of continuous rainy process in midsummer was discussed.The circulation characteristics and influence systems of continuous rainy process were revealed.On the base,the influences of configuration of circulation fields and difference of physical quantity fields at high and low layers on range and intensity of precipitation were analyzed.[Result] According to the circulation situation and influence system,the continuous rainy process could be divided into four stages:July 22-24,from July 27 to August 1,August 4-8 and August 9-14.Moreover,it was respectively affected by northeast low vortex,cold and warm air,high-level low trough,typhoon and periphery of subtropical high at four stages.The maintenance of big specific humidity zone provided sufficient water vapor condition for the continuous rainy weather.The rainstorm appeared in dense zone of specific humidity line,where the specific humidity >13 g/kg in the humidity front zone.A temperature trough maintained at 850 hPa.The cold air which continued to diffuse and go south was main reason of the abnormally low temperature during the continuous rainy period.Moreover,it provided ascending motion condition for precipitation maintenance.[Conclusion] The research provided references for actual forecast of continuous rainy weather.展开更多
[ Objective] The research aimed to contrast physical quantity diagnosis and wind profile radar data of two heavy rainfalls. [ Method ] From circulation background, physical quantity field and wind profile radar data, ...[ Objective] The research aimed to contrast physical quantity diagnosis and wind profile radar data of two heavy rainfalls. [ Method ] From circulation background, physical quantity field and wind profile radar data, we analyzed two big rainstorm weather processes （8 -9 July and August 10） in Lianyungang City in 2012. [ Result] Rainstorm generation was related to favorable large-scale circulation situation. The first-stage precipitation during 8 -9 July was warm-zone precipitation, and the precipitation at the second stage was triggered by shear line. Precipitation on August 10 was generated by typhoon low-pressure inverted trough and cold air. Sufficient water vapor content and strong water vapor transportation were favorable for generation of the heavy precipitation. Suction effect by divergence at high layer and convergence at middle and low layers was favorable for maintenance of the strong ascending motion. Occurrence of the heavy precipitation must have ascending motion condition. But it was not that the stronger the ascending motion, the stronger the rainfall intensity. Kindex and θse500 -θse 850 were closely related to rainstorm occurrence. Horizontal wind data of the wind profile radar provided fine structure of the atmospheric horizontal motion at vertical direction, could clearly display vertical structure of the wind field in rainstorm process, and directly reflected change characteristics of the wind field in precipitation process. [ Conclusion] The research could provide reference for future forecast work.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a turning weather process in Binzhou City of Shandong Province in midsummer of 2010.[Method] Started from the short-term forecast ideas,the formation reason of heavy or torren...[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a turning weather process in Binzhou City of Shandong Province in midsummer of 2010.[Method] Started from the short-term forecast ideas,the formation reason of heavy or torrential rain and local heavy rainstorm in Binzhou City during 4-5 August,2010 was analyzed from the circulation situation,physical quantity field,radar echo and so on.[Result] The westerly trough and cold air were the trigger mechanisms of precipitation.The warm wet air flow at the edge of subtropical high and the high-altitude low trough were the main systems of precipitation.It was the typical precipitation process that the northwest of subtropical high overlapped with the westerly trough.In the prior period,the high temperature continued.The cold air at 500 hPa made the convection strengthen.It was the main reason that the local precipitation was strong.In the forecast of rainstorm,the specific humidity,K index and SI index were the good physical quantities and reference indexes.In the formation process of rainstorm,K index had the increasing process.When the rainstorm finished,or the rain intensity weakened,K index decreased obviously.SI index indicated the development of convective precipitation.The radar echo analysis found that the mesocyclone appeared in the process for a short time.For it weakened quickly and disappeared in the shift process,the strong precipitation and gale were formed in the west of Binzou,but the hail wasn’t generated.[Conclusion] The research provided the experience for the forecast of such weather in future.展开更多
文摘[目的]探讨重复经倾磁刺激技术(repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)联合高压氧治疗对重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者炎症因子、认知功能及脑血流的影响。[方法]选择2017年10月至2020年2月本院收治的120例重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者,根据随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各60例。分别采用rTMS治疗和rT-MS联合高压氧治疗,并对比两组患者脑电图(EEG)以及治疗后各时间段的炎症因子、脑血流动力学、格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分(GCS)、修订版昏迷恢复量表评分(CRS-R)、简易智力状态检查量表评分(MMSE)的变化情况。[结果]治疗后2周和4周观察组患者GCS评分分别为(10.49±3.26)分和(13.87±1.41)分;CRS-R评分分别为(16.49±3.62)分和(21.32±1.39)分,两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗后4周的MMSE总分为(27.46±2.46)分,高于对照组的(23.39±2.33)分,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后2周和4周患者脑血管平均血流速度(Vm)、舒张期末血流速度(Vd)、大脑中动脉收缩期峰流速(Vs)、搏动指数(PI)、白介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)改变情况均优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]rTMS联合高压氧治疗重型颅脑损伤昏迷患者临床疗效显著,可下调患者炎症因子水平,改善脑血流,促使其认知功能恢复。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41501458)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(Grant No.2016M592860)+4 种基金National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB733204)Key Laboratory of Mining Spatial Information Technology of NASMG(Grant Nos. KLM201309)Science Program of Shanghai Normal University(Grant No. SK201525)the Shanghai Gaofeng & Gaoyuan Project for University Academic Program Development(Grant Nos.2013LASW-A09 & SKHL1310)the Center of Spatial Information Science and Sustainable Development Applications,Tongji University,Shanghai,China
文摘An empirical simulation method to simulate the possible position of shallow rainfall-induced landslides in China has been developed.This study shows that such a simulation may be operated in real-time to highlight those areas that are highly prone to rainfall-induced landslides on the basis of the landslide susceptibility index and the rainfall intensity-duration(I-D) thresholds.First,the study on landslide susceptibility in China is introduced.The entire territory has been classified into five categories,among which high-susceptibility regions(Zone 4-'High' and 5-'Very high') account for 4.15%of the total extension of China.Second,rainfall is considered as an external triggering factor that may induce landslide initiation.Real-time satellite-based TMPA3B42 products may provide real rainfall spatial and temporal patterns,which may be used to derive rainfall duration time and intensity.By using a historical record of 60 significant past landslides,the rainfall I-D equation has been calibrated.The rainfall duration time that may trigger a landslide has resulted between 3 hours and 45 hours.The combination of these two aspects can be exploited to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall-induced landslide hazards when rainfall events exceed the rainfall I-D thresholds,where the susceptibility category is 'high' or 'very high'.This study shows a useful tool to be part of a systematic landslide simulation methodology,potentially providing useful information for a theoretical basis and practical guide for landslide prediction and mitigation throughout China.
基金Supported by Meteorological Research Program of Gansu Province:Thunder and Lightning Monitor Based on New Generation Weather Radar and LD-II Thunder and Lightning Locator Prediction Services System Research of Pingliang City
文摘Based on routine weather charts, numerical predication products and satellite cloud images, the causes of an infrequent regional hail weather process occurred in east of Gansu on Aug. 2, 2006 were diagnosed and analyzed. The results showed that the hail weather process occurred at the abnormal large-scale circulation leading the system to west. When the cold trough, which was separated by the north cold vortex, moved southward through Hetao and then intersected with 300 hPa jet stream and the surface cold front, that led to the strong convection. There were strong upward motion and unstable stratification in hail area, three MCS in satellite cloud, and a character of formed arch shape echo on radar echo charts.
文摘利用加密实时雨量观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对引发2016年8月16—17日内蒙古十大孔兑地区严重山洪灾害的局地暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:(1)此次暴雨天气过程发生在"两槽一脊"的大尺度环流背景下,新疆北部及东北亚上空的切断低压底部不断有冷空气移出,而副热带高压与大陆高压合并形成高压脊阻挡了冷空气的南下,冷暖空气在十大孔兑地区强烈交汇,引发了此次强对流天气;(2)700 h Pa上的切变线和急流加强了气流的上升运动,触发不稳定能量的释放,成为该次暴雨的主要影响系统;(3)水汽通量、垂直速度场以及假相当位温等物理量场的高低空配置和时空变化与暴雨过程的时空变化十分吻合。
文摘By using the observation data,routine data and NCEP reanalysis data in the automatic station,5 times heavy fog weather processes in Zhangjiajie City in December,2009 were contrasted and analyzed.The results showed that 3 conditions were the essential conditions of heavy fog occurrence in Zhangjiajie area.3 conditions were that the wind speed was during 0.1-3.0 m/s,the relative humidity ≥90% and the depression of dew point ΔT ≤1.5 ℃.The fog concentration had no positive correlation relationship with the above conditions.The accumulation of humidity condition in the previous period was also the main reason which affected the generation of heavy fog.The physical quantity field which related to the stability and the relative humidity field which related to the water vapor condition had the certain directive significance for forecasting the heavy fog weather.The fog concentration presented the positive correlation relationship with the inversion intensity.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a rare low temperature and rainy weather process which happened in Anhui Province from July 22 to August 14,2009.[Method] Based on the data of conventional observation,NCEP analysis field and automatic station,a rare low temperature and rainy weather process which occurred in Anhui Province from July 22 to August 14,2009 was analyzed.The formation reason of continuous rainy process in midsummer was discussed.The circulation characteristics and influence systems of continuous rainy process were revealed.On the base,the influences of configuration of circulation fields and difference of physical quantity fields at high and low layers on range and intensity of precipitation were analyzed.[Result] According to the circulation situation and influence system,the continuous rainy process could be divided into four stages:July 22-24,from July 27 to August 1,August 4-8 and August 9-14.Moreover,it was respectively affected by northeast low vortex,cold and warm air,high-level low trough,typhoon and periphery of subtropical high at four stages.The maintenance of big specific humidity zone provided sufficient water vapor condition for the continuous rainy weather.The rainstorm appeared in dense zone of specific humidity line,where the specific humidity >13 g/kg in the humidity front zone.A temperature trough maintained at 850 hPa.The cold air which continued to diffuse and go south was main reason of the abnormally low temperature during the continuous rainy period.Moreover,it provided ascending motion condition for precipitation maintenance.[Conclusion] The research provided references for actual forecast of continuous rainy weather.
基金Supported by Social Development Fund Project of the Science and Technology Bureau in Lianyungang City,China ( SH1207)
文摘[ Objective] The research aimed to contrast physical quantity diagnosis and wind profile radar data of two heavy rainfalls. [ Method ] From circulation background, physical quantity field and wind profile radar data, we analyzed two big rainstorm weather processes （8 -9 July and August 10） in Lianyungang City in 2012. [ Result] Rainstorm generation was related to favorable large-scale circulation situation. The first-stage precipitation during 8 -9 July was warm-zone precipitation, and the precipitation at the second stage was triggered by shear line. Precipitation on August 10 was generated by typhoon low-pressure inverted trough and cold air. Sufficient water vapor content and strong water vapor transportation were favorable for generation of the heavy precipitation. Suction effect by divergence at high layer and convergence at middle and low layers was favorable for maintenance of the strong ascending motion. Occurrence of the heavy precipitation must have ascending motion condition. But it was not that the stronger the ascending motion, the stronger the rainfall intensity. Kindex and θse500 -θse 850 were closely related to rainstorm occurrence. Horizontal wind data of the wind profile radar provided fine structure of the atmospheric horizontal motion at vertical direction, could clearly display vertical structure of the wind field in rainstorm process, and directly reflected change characteristics of the wind field in precipitation process. [ Conclusion] The research could provide reference for future forecast work.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a turning weather process in Binzhou City of Shandong Province in midsummer of 2010.[Method] Started from the short-term forecast ideas,the formation reason of heavy or torrential rain and local heavy rainstorm in Binzhou City during 4-5 August,2010 was analyzed from the circulation situation,physical quantity field,radar echo and so on.[Result] The westerly trough and cold air were the trigger mechanisms of precipitation.The warm wet air flow at the edge of subtropical high and the high-altitude low trough were the main systems of precipitation.It was the typical precipitation process that the northwest of subtropical high overlapped with the westerly trough.In the prior period,the high temperature continued.The cold air at 500 hPa made the convection strengthen.It was the main reason that the local precipitation was strong.In the forecast of rainstorm,the specific humidity,K index and SI index were the good physical quantities and reference indexes.In the formation process of rainstorm,K index had the increasing process.When the rainstorm finished,or the rain intensity weakened,K index decreased obviously.SI index indicated the development of convective precipitation.The radar echo analysis found that the mesocyclone appeared in the process for a short time.For it weakened quickly and disappeared in the shift process,the strong precipitation and gale were formed in the west of Binzou,but the hail wasn’t generated.[Conclusion] The research provided the experience for the forecast of such weather in future.
