This study investigates two secondary electron emission(SEE)models for photoelectric energy distribution curves f(E_(ph),hγ),B,E_(mean),absolute quantum efficiency(AQE),and the mean escape depth of photo-emitted elec...This study investigates two secondary electron emission(SEE)models for photoelectric energy distribution curves f(E_(ph),hγ),B,E_(mean),absolute quantum efficiency(AQE),and the mean escape depth of photo-emitted electronsλof metals.The proposed models are developed from the density of states and the theories of photo-emission in the vacuum ultraviolet and SEE,where B is the mean probability that an internal photo-emitted electron escapes into vacuum upon reaching the emission surface of the metal,and E_(mean)is the mean energy of photo-emitted electrons measured from vacuum.The formulas for f(E_(ph),hγ),B,λ,E_(mean),and AQE that were obtained were shown to be correct for the cases of Au at hγ=8.1–11.6 eV,Ni at hγ=9.2–11.6 eV,and Cu at hγ=7.7–11.6 eV.The photoelectric cross sections(PCS)calculated here are analyzed,and it was confirmed that the calculated PCS of the electrons in the conduction band of Au at hγ=8.1–11.6eV,Ni at hγ=9.2–11.6 eV,and Cu at hγ=7.7–11.6 eV are correct.展开更多
It is shown that the total escape speed u (i.e. from all the masses in space), which depends on the total gravitational potential U through the relation u = (−2U)1/2, tends to c;then, under the 1st condition...It is shown that the total escape speed u (i.e. from all the masses in space), which depends on the total gravitational potential U through the relation u = (−2U)1/2, tends to c;then, under the 1st condition c = u, and assuming (as a 2nd condition) the light as composed of longitudinally-extended, elastic (i.e. variable length) and massive particles, (photons), emitted at speed u referred to the initial location (O) of their source, we show that c referred to O becomes invariant despite any motion of its source from O. We revised the Doppler effect for the light, the gravitational redshift cause, the time dilation, highlighting the differences with respect to the Relativity. In the 2nd part, considering (3rd condition) the electron charge as a point-particle fixed to the electron surface and facing the atom nucleus during the electron orbit, the light-matter interaction becomes a consequence of the particular impacts between these photons and the circling electrons: e.g., on H atom, we found 137 circular orbits only, the last one being the ionization orbit, where the electron orbital speed becomes v i= c/1372. [Classical physics, under the assumption that a circling electron should produce (like a macroscopic electric circuit), an electro-magnetic radiation, implies that this claimed effect has to cause the electron fall into its nucleus: on Section 2.5, we show that the e.m. radiation of a circling electron only happens between two circular orbits].展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11873013)
文摘This study investigates two secondary electron emission(SEE)models for photoelectric energy distribution curves f(E_(ph),hγ),B,E_(mean),absolute quantum efficiency(AQE),and the mean escape depth of photo-emitted electronsλof metals.The proposed models are developed from the density of states and the theories of photo-emission in the vacuum ultraviolet and SEE,where B is the mean probability that an internal photo-emitted electron escapes into vacuum upon reaching the emission surface of the metal,and E_(mean)is the mean energy of photo-emitted electrons measured from vacuum.The formulas for f(E_(ph),hγ),B,λ,E_(mean),and AQE that were obtained were shown to be correct for the cases of Au at hγ=8.1–11.6 eV,Ni at hγ=9.2–11.6 eV,and Cu at hγ=7.7–11.6 eV.The photoelectric cross sections(PCS)calculated here are analyzed,and it was confirmed that the calculated PCS of the electrons in the conduction band of Au at hγ=8.1–11.6eV,Ni at hγ=9.2–11.6 eV,and Cu at hγ=7.7–11.6 eV are correct.
文摘It is shown that the total escape speed u (i.e. from all the masses in space), which depends on the total gravitational potential U through the relation u = (−2U)1/2, tends to c;then, under the 1st condition c = u, and assuming (as a 2nd condition) the light as composed of longitudinally-extended, elastic (i.e. variable length) and massive particles, (photons), emitted at speed u referred to the initial location (O) of their source, we show that c referred to O becomes invariant despite any motion of its source from O. We revised the Doppler effect for the light, the gravitational redshift cause, the time dilation, highlighting the differences with respect to the Relativity. In the 2nd part, considering (3rd condition) the electron charge as a point-particle fixed to the electron surface and facing the atom nucleus during the electron orbit, the light-matter interaction becomes a consequence of the particular impacts between these photons and the circling electrons: e.g., on H atom, we found 137 circular orbits only, the last one being the ionization orbit, where the electron orbital speed becomes v i= c/1372. [Classical physics, under the assumption that a circling electron should produce (like a macroscopic electric circuit), an electro-magnetic radiation, implies that this claimed effect has to cause the electron fall into its nucleus: on Section 2.5, we show that the e.m. radiation of a circling electron only happens between two circular orbits].
