The analysis of the principle operation of the solar element is given in the work. The efficiency of the creation of combined high-efficiency converters of network energy in electric and thermal is indicated. A method...The analysis of the principle operation of the solar element is given in the work. The efficiency of the creation of combined high-efficiency converters of network energy in electric and thermal is indicated. A method for creating a combined photo thermo converter with a high value of the efficiency of a solar element has been found. A method for separating light from optical lenses is shown. The calculation of the light intensity into diffraction pattern is calculated using the Huygens-Fresnel principle. A new design of a highly efficient combined light-thermal converter into an electrical, with a solar element, operating on selective photoactive radiation is presented. The process of conversion of non-active radiation into electrical radiation by means of a thermo electronic converter is described. The ways of the solution of the problem connected with the reduction of the coefficient of its full effect as a function of temperature and characteristics are indicated.展开更多
Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the fact...Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the factors affecting outcrossed seed-setting were analyzed. The PTGMS had obstacles in outcrossed seed setting influenced by inheritance and environment at varying degrees. Environmental temperature was regarded as the main factor that resulted in the outcrossed seed-setting obstacles. The sensitive stage was at the early stage of grain filling for outcrossed seed setting. There existed remarkable differences at the sensitivity stage, the duration of sensitive period, the sensitive level and the effective level of outcrossed seed-setting obstacles caused by environmental temperature among different PTGMS lines. Therefore, attention should be paid to outcrossed seed-setting obstacles in selection and utilization of PTGMS lines.展开更多
Four sterile lines （Peiai64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S） and the restoring line R527 were used as materials. Five temperature gradients （24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ in artificial climate chamber） and the natura...Four sterile lines （Peiai64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S） and the restoring line R527 were used as materials. Five temperature gradients （24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ in artificial climate chamber） and the natural temperature （as control） were treated to the four sterile lines for 6 d in the fertility sensitive period of heading to flowering stage, respectively, to study the effects of temperature on physiological biochemical characteristics of young panicles and outcrossing characteristics. The results showed that the percentages of exerted stigma of Peiai 64S and Y58S were the highest at 27 ℃, which were 86.81% and 86.06%, respectively, while the percentages of exerted stigma of Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the highest at 24 ℃, which were 76.24% and 81.76%, respectively; the stigma viability of Peiai 64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the best at 24 ℃, which were 1.96, 2.12, 1.74 and 1.94, respectively; the outcrossing rates of Peiai 64S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the highest at 24 ℃, which were 58.87%, 54.22% and 50.50%, respectively, while the outcrossing rate of Y58S was the highest at 27 ℃, which was 58.96%; and the contents of peroxidase （POD） of the four sterile lines increased significantly at 33 ℃ compared with the control, while the contents of malondialdehyde （MDA） and proline increased significantly at 36 ℃ compared with the control. There were differences in temperature sensitivity between the male sterile lines, and the 24 ℃ treatment during the sensitive period was the best for the fertility sensitive period of Peiai 64S, while 27 ℃ was the best temperature for Y58S, Gangzhan 63-2S and H638S.展开更多
The flowering habits of photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice (PTGMR ) Iines Anxia ng S,64425, 165S, GD2S, 11035, Pet’ai 645, 0821S and restorer lines Gui 99, 102 were systematically surveyed. Theflowering p...The flowering habits of photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice (PTGMR ) Iines Anxia ng S,64425, 165S, GD2S, 11035, Pet’ai 645, 0821S and restorer lines Gui 99, 102 were systematically surveyed. Theflowering period of 165S and GD2S is the most concentrated, and the flourishing flowering of 165S is early, that ofGD2S is late. The flowering period of 6442S,Pei’ai 645 and 08215 is comparatively concentrated, while that of An-clang S and 1103S is relatively dispersed. The anthesis time of 1655 is comparatively concentrated and these of theothers are relatively dispersed. As for the spikelet opening time, Anxiang S, 64425, 11035 is long, 165S, 0821Sand Pet’ai 64S is relatively long, GD2S is the shortest. The order of distance of opened glume tips from big to smallis An-clang S, 64425, Pet’ai 645, 11035, 082iS, GD2S, 165S. The opening angle of spikelet of An-clang S.64425and Pet’ai 645 is larger(more than 25°),while that of 165S,GD2S, 1103S and 0821S is smaller(less than 25°). Thestigma exsertion rate, Pet’ai 645 is the highest, the following from high to low are 1103S,Anxiang S, 08215, 165S,64425 and GD2S, but that of 165S, 64425 and GD2S is less than 60%. The stigma area of 1103S,Anxiang S and0821S is more than 1. 00 mm2, that of other PTGMRs is less than 1. 00 mm2. The stigma vitality of 165S,AnxiangS, 1103S, 0821S dropped slowly, that of 6442S, Pet’ai 645,GD2S dropped fast.展开更多
文摘The analysis of the principle operation of the solar element is given in the work. The efficiency of the creation of combined high-efficiency converters of network energy in electric and thermal is indicated. A method for creating a combined photo thermo converter with a high value of the efficiency of a solar element has been found. A method for separating light from optical lenses is shown. The calculation of the light intensity into diffraction pattern is calculated using the Huygens-Fresnel principle. A new design of a highly efficient combined light-thermal converter into an electrical, with a solar element, operating on selective photoactive radiation is presented. The process of conversion of non-active radiation into electrical radiation by means of a thermo electronic converter is described. The ways of the solution of the problem connected with the reduction of the coefficient of its full effect as a function of temperature and characteristics are indicated.
文摘Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the factors affecting outcrossed seed-setting were analyzed. The PTGMS had obstacles in outcrossed seed setting influenced by inheritance and environment at varying degrees. Environmental temperature was regarded as the main factor that resulted in the outcrossed seed-setting obstacles. The sensitive stage was at the early stage of grain filling for outcrossed seed setting. There existed remarkable differences at the sensitivity stage, the duration of sensitive period, the sensitive level and the effective level of outcrossed seed-setting obstacles caused by environmental temperature among different PTGMS lines. Therefore, attention should be paid to outcrossed seed-setting obstacles in selection and utilization of PTGMS lines.
基金Supported by the National Science-technology Support Plan Project(2014BAD06B07)the Agricultural Special Fund of the Department of Finance of Hunan Provincethe Innovation Project of Hunan Province(XCX15148)~~
文摘Four sterile lines （Peiai64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S） and the restoring line R527 were used as materials. Five temperature gradients （24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ in artificial climate chamber） and the natural temperature （as control） were treated to the four sterile lines for 6 d in the fertility sensitive period of heading to flowering stage, respectively, to study the effects of temperature on physiological biochemical characteristics of young panicles and outcrossing characteristics. The results showed that the percentages of exerted stigma of Peiai 64S and Y58S were the highest at 27 ℃, which were 86.81% and 86.06%, respectively, while the percentages of exerted stigma of Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the highest at 24 ℃, which were 76.24% and 81.76%, respectively; the stigma viability of Peiai 64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the best at 24 ℃, which were 1.96, 2.12, 1.74 and 1.94, respectively; the outcrossing rates of Peiai 64S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the highest at 24 ℃, which were 58.87%, 54.22% and 50.50%, respectively, while the outcrossing rate of Y58S was the highest at 27 ℃, which was 58.96%; and the contents of peroxidase （POD） of the four sterile lines increased significantly at 33 ℃ compared with the control, while the contents of malondialdehyde （MDA） and proline increased significantly at 36 ℃ compared with the control. There were differences in temperature sensitivity between the male sterile lines, and the 24 ℃ treatment during the sensitive period was the best for the fertility sensitive period of Peiai 64S, while 27 ℃ was the best temperature for Y58S, Gangzhan 63-2S and H638S.
文摘The flowering habits of photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice (PTGMR ) Iines Anxia ng S,64425, 165S, GD2S, 11035, Pet’ai 645, 0821S and restorer lines Gui 99, 102 were systematically surveyed. Theflowering period of 165S and GD2S is the most concentrated, and the flourishing flowering of 165S is early, that ofGD2S is late. The flowering period of 6442S,Pei’ai 645 and 08215 is comparatively concentrated, while that of An-clang S and 1103S is relatively dispersed. The anthesis time of 1655 is comparatively concentrated and these of theothers are relatively dispersed. As for the spikelet opening time, Anxiang S, 64425, 11035 is long, 165S, 0821Sand Pet’ai 64S is relatively long, GD2S is the shortest. The order of distance of opened glume tips from big to smallis An-clang S, 64425, Pet’ai 645, 11035, 082iS, GD2S, 165S. The opening angle of spikelet of An-clang S.64425and Pet’ai 645 is larger(more than 25°),while that of 165S,GD2S, 1103S and 0821S is smaller(less than 25°). Thestigma exsertion rate, Pet’ai 645 is the highest, the following from high to low are 1103S,Anxiang S, 08215, 165S,64425 and GD2S, but that of 165S, 64425 and GD2S is less than 60%. The stigma area of 1103S,Anxiang S and0821S is more than 1. 00 mm2, that of other PTGMRs is less than 1. 00 mm2. The stigma vitality of 165S,AnxiangS, 1103S, 0821S dropped slowly, that of 6442S, Pet’ai 645,GD2S dropped fast.
