In this study, we isolated a virus strain (YN12031) from specimens of Armigeres subalbatus collected in the China-Laos border. BHK-21 cells infected with YN12031 exhibited an evident cytopathic effect (CPE) 32 h p...In this study, we isolated a virus strain (YN12031) from specimens of Armigeres subalbatus collected in the China-Laos border. BHK-21 cells infected with YN12031 exhibited an evident cytopathic effect (CPE) 32 h post-infection. The virus particles were spherical, 70 nm in diameter, and enveloped; they also featured surface fibers.展开更多
植物对邻体根系的表型可塑性是指与无邻体对照相比,即使个体平均可获取土壤资源相同,在有邻体根系存在时植物也会改变根系生物量分配,并影响其他功能性状和适合度。表型可塑性进化假说(evolution of plasticity hypothesis)认为外来植...植物对邻体根系的表型可塑性是指与无邻体对照相比,即使个体平均可获取土壤资源相同,在有邻体根系存在时植物也会改变根系生物量分配,并影响其他功能性状和适合度。表型可塑性进化假说(evolution of plasticity hypothesis)认为外来植物在入侵地进化出了更强的表型可塑性。对该假说的验证多集中于外来植物对光照、水分、养分以及天敌等的可塑性进化,但对邻体根系的可塑性在入侵植物中是否发生进化尚未见报道。我们采用同质园实验比较了喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)入侵地(美国)和原产地(阿根廷)各5个基因型的适合度与功能性状对同基因型邻体根系的可塑性。结果表明:喜旱莲子草的根冠比(P=0.088)和比叶面积(P=0.007)对同基因型邻体根系的可塑性在入侵地和原产地基因型间存在差异:入侵地基因型在有邻体根系时根冠比和比叶面积增加,而原产地基因型则相反。但是,总生物量、贮藏根生物量、比茎长和分枝强度对邻体根系的可塑性在入侵地和原产地间没有显著差异。此外,与分隔邻体根系相比,同基因型邻体根系存在时总生物量(+9.9%)和贮藏根生物量(+13.9%)显著增加,比茎长(–9.5%)显著降低。最后,与原产地基因型相比,总体上入侵地基因型的总生物量(+62.0%)和贮藏根生物量(+58.9%)增加,比茎长(–28.5%)和分枝强度(–42.8%)降低。这些结果表明喜旱莲子草入侵地基因型与资源利用相关功能性状(如根冠比和比叶面积)对邻体根系的可塑性方向与原产地基因型相反;但适合度和株型相关性状(如比茎长和分枝强度)对同基因型邻体根系的可塑性与原产地没有差异。展开更多
Organisms can adjust their phenotype in response to changing environmental conditions. This phenomenon is termed phenotypic plasticity. Despite its ubiquitous occurrence, there has been very little study on the molecu...Organisms can adjust their phenotype in response to changing environmental conditions. This phenomenon is termed phenotypic plasticity. Despite its ubiquitous occurrence, there has been very little study on the molecular mechanism of phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we isolated a rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant, rice plasticity 1 (rpl1), that displayed increased environment-dependent phenotypic variations. RPL1 was expressed in all tissues examined. The protein was localized in the nucleus and its distribution in the nucleus overlapped with heterochromatin. The rpll mutation led to an increase in DNA methylation on repetitive sequences and a decrease in overall histone acetylation. In addition, the mutation affected responses of the rice plant to phytohormones such as brassinosteroid, gibberellin, and cytokinin. Analysis of the putative rice brassinosteroid receptor OsBRI1, a key hormone signaling gene, indicated that RPL1 may be involved in the regulation of epigenomic modification of the gene. These data suggest that RPL1 regulated phenotypic plasticity likely through its involvement in epigenetic processes affecting responses of the plant to phytohormones.展开更多
OPVs (open pollinated varieties) of cross pollinated crops are genetically heterogeneous and therefore likely to evolve over generations, under natural and human selection, which gives them a strong potential for orga...OPVs (open pollinated varieties) of cross pollinated crops are genetically heterogeneous and therefore likely to evolve over generations, under natural and human selection, which gives them a strong potential for organic and low input farming. OPVs of maize were cultivated and selected by different farmers in France and Italy for 2 generations. The third year, they were phenotypically evaluated for evolution, adaptation and level of diversity (estimated with Nei index) across evolution in a combined on farm and on station experimentation. The results showed that the varieties evolved and even adapted over 2 generations only (especially on maturity traits) but conserved their identity (no evolution of ear morphological traits). They all conserved their diversity, which demonstrated the pertinence of farmers’ selection (it is not a bottleneck). These results suggested that the genetically heterogeneous nature of OPVs is an asset for farmers because they can adapt these varieties to specific local conditions and production objectives. Therefore, farmer OPVs should receive more support through social and regulatory recognition, as well as further interest from research.展开更多
Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying particular adaptations/phenotypes of organisms is one of the core issues of evolutionary biology.The use of genomic data has greatly advanced our understandings on this ...Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying particular adaptations/phenotypes of organisms is one of the core issues of evolutionary biology.The use of genomic data has greatly advanced our understandings on this issue,as well as other aspects of evolutionary biology,including molecular adaptation,speciation,and even conservation of endangered species.Despite the well-recognized advantages,usages of genomic data are still limited to non-mammal vertebrate groups,partly due to the difficulties in assembling large or highly heterozygous genomes.Although this is particularly the case for amphibians,nonetheless,several comparative and population genomic analyses have shed lights into the speciation and adaptation processes of amphibians in a complex landscape,giving a promising hope for a wider application of genomics in the previously believed challenging groups of organisms.At the same time,these pioneer studies also allow us to realize numerous challenges in studying the molecular adaptations and/or phenotypic evolutionary mechanisms of amphibians.In this review,we first summarize the recent progresses in the study of adaptive evolution of amphibians based on genomic data,and then we give perspectives regarding how to effectively identify key pathways underlying the evolution of complex traits in the genomic era,as well as directions for future research.展开更多
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(81290342 and 81501757)Development Grant of State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control(2014SKLID103)the Special National Project on Research and Development of Key Biosafety Technologies(2016YFC1201900),China
文摘In this study, we isolated a virus strain (YN12031) from specimens of Armigeres subalbatus collected in the China-Laos border. BHK-21 cells infected with YN12031 exhibited an evident cytopathic effect (CPE) 32 h post-infection. The virus particles were spherical, 70 nm in diameter, and enveloped; they also featured surface fibers.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF0704500,2021YFF0703701,and 2022YFC3400405)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB38040300)+4 种基金the 14th Five-year Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CASWX2021SF-0203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91940306,31871294,31970647,81902519,and 32200478)the Special Investigation on Science and Technology Basic Resources of the MOST,China(2019FY100102)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M713311)the National Genomics Data Center,China。
文摘植物对邻体根系的表型可塑性是指与无邻体对照相比,即使个体平均可获取土壤资源相同,在有邻体根系存在时植物也会改变根系生物量分配,并影响其他功能性状和适合度。表型可塑性进化假说(evolution of plasticity hypothesis)认为外来植物在入侵地进化出了更强的表型可塑性。对该假说的验证多集中于外来植物对光照、水分、养分以及天敌等的可塑性进化,但对邻体根系的可塑性在入侵植物中是否发生进化尚未见报道。我们采用同质园实验比较了喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)入侵地(美国)和原产地(阿根廷)各5个基因型的适合度与功能性状对同基因型邻体根系的可塑性。结果表明:喜旱莲子草的根冠比(P=0.088)和比叶面积(P=0.007)对同基因型邻体根系的可塑性在入侵地和原产地基因型间存在差异:入侵地基因型在有邻体根系时根冠比和比叶面积增加,而原产地基因型则相反。但是,总生物量、贮藏根生物量、比茎长和分枝强度对邻体根系的可塑性在入侵地和原产地间没有显著差异。此外,与分隔邻体根系相比,同基因型邻体根系存在时总生物量(+9.9%)和贮藏根生物量(+13.9%)显著增加,比茎长(–9.5%)显著降低。最后,与原产地基因型相比,总体上入侵地基因型的总生物量(+62.0%)和贮藏根生物量(+58.9%)增加,比茎长(–28.5%)和分枝强度(–42.8%)降低。这些结果表明喜旱莲子草入侵地基因型与资源利用相关功能性状(如根冠比和比叶面积)对邻体根系的可塑性方向与原产地基因型相反;但适合度和株型相关性状(如比茎长和分枝强度)对同基因型邻体根系的可塑性与原产地没有差异。
基金This work was supported by grants from the 863 Project (SS2012AA100103) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30921091). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Professor Dao-Xiu Zhou for reading many earlier versions of this manuscript and giving helpful comments. The confocal images acquired with the Zeiss LSM 510 Meta confocal microscope were done with assistance of Yao Xiao in Ligeng Ma's lab at the National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing. We acknowledge Professor Jian Xu for the pM999-ECFP and pM999-SUNLIGHTGFP vectors. No conflict of interest declared.
文摘Organisms can adjust their phenotype in response to changing environmental conditions. This phenomenon is termed phenotypic plasticity. Despite its ubiquitous occurrence, there has been very little study on the molecular mechanism of phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we isolated a rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant, rice plasticity 1 (rpl1), that displayed increased environment-dependent phenotypic variations. RPL1 was expressed in all tissues examined. The protein was localized in the nucleus and its distribution in the nucleus overlapped with heterochromatin. The rpll mutation led to an increase in DNA methylation on repetitive sequences and a decrease in overall histone acetylation. In addition, the mutation affected responses of the rice plant to phytohormones such as brassinosteroid, gibberellin, and cytokinin. Analysis of the putative rice brassinosteroid receptor OsBRI1, a key hormone signaling gene, indicated that RPL1 may be involved in the regulation of epigenomic modification of the gene. These data suggest that RPL1 regulated phenotypic plasticity likely through its involvement in epigenetic processes affecting responses of the plant to phytohormones.
文摘OPVs (open pollinated varieties) of cross pollinated crops are genetically heterogeneous and therefore likely to evolve over generations, under natural and human selection, which gives them a strong potential for organic and low input farming. OPVs of maize were cultivated and selected by different farmers in France and Italy for 2 generations. The third year, they were phenotypically evaluated for evolution, adaptation and level of diversity (estimated with Nei index) across evolution in a combined on farm and on station experimentation. The results showed that the varieties evolved and even adapted over 2 generations only (especially on maturity traits) but conserved their identity (no evolution of ear morphological traits). They all conserved their diversity, which demonstrated the pertinence of farmers’ selection (it is not a bottleneck). These results suggested that the genetically heterogeneous nature of OPVs is an asset for farmers because they can adapt these varieties to specific local conditions and production objectives. Therefore, farmer OPVs should receive more support through social and regulatory recognition, as well as further interest from research.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671326,31871275)the Highlevel Talent Introduction Program of Yunnan University to Y.B.S。
文摘Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying particular adaptations/phenotypes of organisms is one of the core issues of evolutionary biology.The use of genomic data has greatly advanced our understandings on this issue,as well as other aspects of evolutionary biology,including molecular adaptation,speciation,and even conservation of endangered species.Despite the well-recognized advantages,usages of genomic data are still limited to non-mammal vertebrate groups,partly due to the difficulties in assembling large or highly heterozygous genomes.Although this is particularly the case for amphibians,nonetheless,several comparative and population genomic analyses have shed lights into the speciation and adaptation processes of amphibians in a complex landscape,giving a promising hope for a wider application of genomics in the previously believed challenging groups of organisms.At the same time,these pioneer studies also allow us to realize numerous challenges in studying the molecular adaptations and/or phenotypic evolutionary mechanisms of amphibians.In this review,we first summarize the recent progresses in the study of adaptive evolution of amphibians based on genomic data,and then we give perspectives regarding how to effectively identify key pathways underlying the evolution of complex traits in the genomic era,as well as directions for future research.