背景:足踝本体感觉的研究对于慢性踝关节不稳、老年疾病的康复治疗以及身体姿势控制、运动表现的提高至关重要。前期的相关研究经常把足部和踝关节的感觉评价分开研究,对全面且综合地了解其感觉功能存在一定的局限。目的:足踝复合体是...背景:足踝本体感觉的研究对于慢性踝关节不稳、老年疾病的康复治疗以及身体姿势控制、运动表现的提高至关重要。前期的相关研究经常把足部和踝关节的感觉评价分开研究,对全面且综合地了解其感觉功能存在一定的局限。目的:足踝复合体是唯一与支撑面直接接触的部位,在收集体感反馈和调节平衡控制中起重要作用。文章通过汇总现有关于足部和踝关节本体感觉的调查研究,梳理足踝复合体感觉的测量与评价方法,以期为日后的相关研究做出铺垫并提供理论依据。方法:中文检索词为“(足OR足踝关节OR踝关节)AND(感觉OR本体感觉)”、英文检索词为“(foot OR ankle)AND(feel OR proprioception)”,在Web of Science、PubMed和中国知网数据库检索相关文献,了解关于足踝基本概念、研究现状与范畴,总结并评价足踝的本体感觉评价方法,最终纳入57篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①足踝复合体感觉的评价主要分为对足部的感觉评价和踝关节的本体感觉评价。②足部的感觉评价主要描述其皮肤的感觉以及干预条件下的感觉反馈,方法主要包括:压力感觉阈值测试、足(底侧和跖侧)两点辨别能力测试、皮肤振动感觉持续时间测试。③踝关节本体感觉评价着重描述关节位置、运动范围、力值及功能表现,方法主要分为静态的关节角度重置测试、运动最小阈值测试、力觉重现测试以及动静态的平衡、速度及行走能力的测试。④对量化结果的报道一般以“误差”来表示,根据报道的需要一般分为:绝对误差、相对误差和恒定误差等。⑤结果证实,足踝复合体具备特殊的感觉能力,包括足部感觉和踝关节的本体感觉,影响人类的生活质量以及运动表现;足部感觉与踝关节本体感觉的弱化均与人体平衡能力下降相关,二者联合测量可以全面有效地评价足踝功能;根据不同的研究需求,�展开更多
The human visual system,dependent on retinal cells,can be regarded as a complex combination of optical system and nervous system.Artificial retinal system could mimic the sensing and processing function of human eyes....The human visual system,dependent on retinal cells,can be regarded as a complex combination of optical system and nervous system.Artificial retinal system could mimic the sensing and processing function of human eyes.Optically stimulated synaptic devices could serve as the building blocks for artificial retinas and subsequent information transmission system to brain.Herein,photonic synaptic transistors based on polycrystalline MoS_(2),which could simulate human visual perception and brain storage,are presented.Moreover,the photodetection range from visible light to near-infrared light of MoS_(2) multilayer could extend human eyes’vision limitation to near-infrared light.Additionally,the photonic synaptic transistor shows an ultrafast speed within 5μs and ultralow power consumption under optical stimuli about 40 aJ,several orders of magnitude lower than biological synapses(50 ms and 10 fJ).Furthermore,the backgate control could act as emotional modulation of the artificial brain to enhance or suppress memory function,i.e.the intensity of photoresponse.The proposed carrier trapping/detrapping as the main working mechanism is presented for the device.In addition,synaptic functionalities including short synaptic plasticity,long synaptic plasticity and paired-pulse facilitation could be successfully simulated based on the prepared device.Furthermore,the large difference between short synaptic plasticity and long synaptic plasticity reveals the better image pre-processing function of the prepared photonic synapses.The classical Pavlovian conditioning associated with the associative learning is successfully implemented as well.Therefore,the efficient and rich functionalities demonstrate the potential of the MoS_(2) synaptic device that integrates sensing-memory-preprocessing capabilities for realizing artificial neural networks with different emotions that mimic human retina and brain.展开更多
How do people perceive environmental change when coping with scarcity? Previous studies on scarcity tend to overlook the aspect of perception. By analyzing repeated water conflicts in northern Thailand, this study she...How do people perceive environmental change when coping with scarcity? Previous studies on scarcity tend to overlook the aspect of perception. By analyzing repeated water conflicts in northern Thailand, this study sheds light on this aspect and solves the puzzle posed by repeated water conflicts in a small watershed.展开更多
文摘背景:足踝本体感觉的研究对于慢性踝关节不稳、老年疾病的康复治疗以及身体姿势控制、运动表现的提高至关重要。前期的相关研究经常把足部和踝关节的感觉评价分开研究,对全面且综合地了解其感觉功能存在一定的局限。目的:足踝复合体是唯一与支撑面直接接触的部位,在收集体感反馈和调节平衡控制中起重要作用。文章通过汇总现有关于足部和踝关节本体感觉的调查研究,梳理足踝复合体感觉的测量与评价方法,以期为日后的相关研究做出铺垫并提供理论依据。方法:中文检索词为“(足OR足踝关节OR踝关节)AND(感觉OR本体感觉)”、英文检索词为“(foot OR ankle)AND(feel OR proprioception)”,在Web of Science、PubMed和中国知网数据库检索相关文献,了解关于足踝基本概念、研究现状与范畴,总结并评价足踝的本体感觉评价方法,最终纳入57篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①足踝复合体感觉的评价主要分为对足部的感觉评价和踝关节的本体感觉评价。②足部的感觉评价主要描述其皮肤的感觉以及干预条件下的感觉反馈,方法主要包括:压力感觉阈值测试、足(底侧和跖侧)两点辨别能力测试、皮肤振动感觉持续时间测试。③踝关节本体感觉评价着重描述关节位置、运动范围、力值及功能表现,方法主要分为静态的关节角度重置测试、运动最小阈值测试、力觉重现测试以及动静态的平衡、速度及行走能力的测试。④对量化结果的报道一般以“误差”来表示,根据报道的需要一般分为:绝对误差、相对误差和恒定误差等。⑤结果证实,足踝复合体具备特殊的感觉能力,包括足部感觉和踝关节的本体感觉,影响人类的生活质量以及运动表现;足部感觉与踝关节本体感觉的弱化均与人体平衡能力下降相关,二者联合测量可以全面有效地评价足踝功能;根据不同的研究需求,�
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFB2203400)the“111 Project”(B20030)+3 种基金the UESTC Shared Research Facilities of Electromagnetic Wave and Matter Interaction(Y0301901290100201)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2019Z018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61974014)the Innovation Group Project of Sichuan Province(20CXTD0090).
文摘The human visual system,dependent on retinal cells,can be regarded as a complex combination of optical system and nervous system.Artificial retinal system could mimic the sensing and processing function of human eyes.Optically stimulated synaptic devices could serve as the building blocks for artificial retinas and subsequent information transmission system to brain.Herein,photonic synaptic transistors based on polycrystalline MoS_(2),which could simulate human visual perception and brain storage,are presented.Moreover,the photodetection range from visible light to near-infrared light of MoS_(2) multilayer could extend human eyes’vision limitation to near-infrared light.Additionally,the photonic synaptic transistor shows an ultrafast speed within 5μs and ultralow power consumption under optical stimuli about 40 aJ,several orders of magnitude lower than biological synapses(50 ms and 10 fJ).Furthermore,the backgate control could act as emotional modulation of the artificial brain to enhance or suppress memory function,i.e.the intensity of photoresponse.The proposed carrier trapping/detrapping as the main working mechanism is presented for the device.In addition,synaptic functionalities including short synaptic plasticity,long synaptic plasticity and paired-pulse facilitation could be successfully simulated based on the prepared device.Furthermore,the large difference between short synaptic plasticity and long synaptic plasticity reveals the better image pre-processing function of the prepared photonic synapses.The classical Pavlovian conditioning associated with the associative learning is successfully implemented as well.Therefore,the efficient and rich functionalities demonstrate the potential of the MoS_(2) synaptic device that integrates sensing-memory-preprocessing capabilities for realizing artificial neural networks with different emotions that mimic human retina and brain.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Science,Sports and Culture,Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Startup(17H06582,Kensuke Yamaguchi)financial support from the Nippon Foundation,Asia Public Intellectual(API) Fellowships,and Research Institute for Humanity and Nature(RIHN)
文摘How do people perceive environmental change when coping with scarcity? Previous studies on scarcity tend to overlook the aspect of perception. By analyzing repeated water conflicts in northern Thailand, this study sheds light on this aspect and solves the puzzle posed by repeated water conflicts in a small watershed.
