Large quantities of mussel shells （66000-94000 t year^-1）, an alkaline material that can be used as a soil amendment, are generated as waste in Galicia, NW Spain. A field trial was carried out by planting different ...Large quantities of mussel shells （66000-94000 t year^-1）, an alkaline material that can be used as a soil amendment, are generated as waste in Galicia, NW Spain. A field trial was carried out by planting different pasture species in a Haplic Umbrisol using a randomized block design with four blocks and six treatments （not amended control or soil amended with lime, finely ground shell, coarsely ground shell, finely ground calcined shell or coarsely ground calcined shell） to compare the effects of lime and mussel shells additions on a soil with a low cation exchange capacity and high AI saturation. The trial was established in March 2007, and samples of plants and soil were collected when plots were harvested in summer 2008 （separating the bulk and rhizosphere soil）. The soils were analyzed for pH, total C, total N, available P, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity and available micronutrients. Dry matter yield was measured in all plots and plants were analyzed for nutrients. Application of mussel shells and the commercial lime resulted in an increase in pH and exchangeable Ca and a decrease in exchangeable Al and Al were most noticeable in the rhizosphere. The amendment of Ca in the plant. saturation. The stability of pH over time was high. These effects also had a positive effect on dry matter yield and concentration展开更多
Surface coal mines prior to 1950 in the USA were generally left without any reclamation.As government regulations advanced since then,mine operators were required to backfill the area and plant grasses or trees.After ...Surface coal mines prior to 1950 in the USA were generally left without any reclamation.As government regulations advanced since then,mine operators were required to backfill the area and plant grasses or trees.After the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act(SMCRA)was passed in 1977 in the USA,mine operators were required to conduct pre-mining analyses of the site and to designate a land use that could be achieved after mining.Successful reclamation,as needed to satisfy today’s societal demands,requires engineering,design,and purposeful reconstruction of the full mining disturbance,not just its surface,and control of waters leaving the mine site.Effective reclamation on modern American coal mines is fully integrated with the mining operation.A suitable and effective postmining land use that is sustainable for future generations is crucial to the long-term success and profitability of the mining business and to the future economic benefits of the landowner.Accepted post-mining land uses in the USA are:(1)prime farmland,(2)hay land and pasture,(3)biofuel crops,(4)forestry,(5)wildlife habitat,and(6)building site development.Policies and regulations for each post-mining land use were developed and practices to achieve successful and sustainable land uses were established.Post-mining conditions should provide ecosystem services and produce lands capable of supporting societal needs in the future.展开更多
基金Supported by the Government of Spain(No.CTM2005-05922)
文摘Large quantities of mussel shells （66000-94000 t year^-1）, an alkaline material that can be used as a soil amendment, are generated as waste in Galicia, NW Spain. A field trial was carried out by planting different pasture species in a Haplic Umbrisol using a randomized block design with four blocks and six treatments （not amended control or soil amended with lime, finely ground shell, coarsely ground shell, finely ground calcined shell or coarsely ground calcined shell） to compare the effects of lime and mussel shells additions on a soil with a low cation exchange capacity and high AI saturation. The trial was established in March 2007, and samples of plants and soil were collected when plots were harvested in summer 2008 （separating the bulk and rhizosphere soil）. The soils were analyzed for pH, total C, total N, available P, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity and available micronutrients. Dry matter yield was measured in all plots and plants were analyzed for nutrients. Application of mussel shells and the commercial lime resulted in an increase in pH and exchangeable Ca and a decrease in exchangeable Al and Al were most noticeable in the rhizosphere. The amendment of Ca in the plant. saturation. The stability of pH over time was high. These effects also had a positive effect on dry matter yield and concentration
文摘Surface coal mines prior to 1950 in the USA were generally left without any reclamation.As government regulations advanced since then,mine operators were required to backfill the area and plant grasses or trees.After the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act(SMCRA)was passed in 1977 in the USA,mine operators were required to conduct pre-mining analyses of the site and to designate a land use that could be achieved after mining.Successful reclamation,as needed to satisfy today’s societal demands,requires engineering,design,and purposeful reconstruction of the full mining disturbance,not just its surface,and control of waters leaving the mine site.Effective reclamation on modern American coal mines is fully integrated with the mining operation.A suitable and effective postmining land use that is sustainable for future generations is crucial to the long-term success and profitability of the mining business and to the future economic benefits of the landowner.Accepted post-mining land uses in the USA are:(1)prime farmland,(2)hay land and pasture,(3)biofuel crops,(4)forestry,(5)wildlife habitat,and(6)building site development.Policies and regulations for each post-mining land use were developed and practices to achieve successful and sustainable land uses were established.Post-mining conditions should provide ecosystem services and produce lands capable of supporting societal needs in the future.
