Markedness refers to the asymmetric phenomenon in a linguistic category. Unmarked item, compared with marked item,is more natural, more neutral, more fundamental, and has higher using frequency and wider distribution....Markedness refers to the asymmetric phenomenon in a linguistic category. Unmarked item, compared with marked item,is more natural, more neutral, more fundamental, and has higher using frequency and wider distribution. From the perspective of markedness theory, the study, collecting 86 English passives and 85 Chinese passives(including 35 notional passives and 50 Beisentences), contrastively analyzes the unmarkedness of English and Chinese passives from the aspects of patient animacy, emotional color, and tense through example-illustration and description. The analysis shows that the unmarkedness of English and Chinese passives has different expressions in the three aspects. Inanimate patient has stronger unmarkedness in both English and Chinese passives, for it is more frequently-used than animate patient. According to people's cognition and language using habits, the emotional color of English passives and Chinese notional passives is neutral in most cases, so the neutral emotional color is unmarked.But in Chinese Bei-sentences, negative emotional color has stronger unmarkedness. As for the tense expression, English passives have wider distributions in time span and simpler structure than Chinese passives. Thus, English passives possess stronger unmarkedness in the light of tense. According to the analysis, the study proposes feasible advice for second language acquisition and translation.展开更多
With the development of computer science, corpus linguistics emerges as the times require. Since 1980 s, scholars at home and abroad have been committed to the construction and exploration of corpus, and have started ...With the development of computer science, corpus linguistics emerges as the times require. Since 1980 s, scholars at home and abroad have been committed to the construction and exploration of corpus, and have started a new era of corpus. Corpus can be seen as a storehouse to deposit the linguistic materials. It is a database, a scientifically organized collection of linguistic materials. In the language application, those linguistic materials can be both written and oral, are produced in a natural way. These raw materials are used to observe and grasp language facts, which are regarded as the first-hand data for the analysis and research of language rules. In this study, the author intends to achieve two main aims. The first is to investigate whether there are some differences in using the passives by native speakers when they write and speak, and whether such differences are statistically significant. The second is to investigate whether there are some differences in using the passives in native speakers' formal writings and informal writings, and whether such differences are statistically significant.展开更多
A new wafer-level 3D packaging structure with Benzocyclobutene（BCB）as interlayer dielectrics（ILDs） for multichip module fabrication is proposed for application in the Ku-band wave.The packaging structure consists ...A new wafer-level 3D packaging structure with Benzocyclobutene（BCB）as interlayer dielectrics（ILDs） for multichip module fabrication is proposed for application in the Ku-band wave.The packaging structure consists of two layers of BCB films and three layers of metallized films,in which the monolithic microwave IC（MMIC）,thin film resistors,striplines and microstrip lines are integrated.Wet etched cavities fabricated on the silicon substrate are used for mounting active and passive components.BCB layers cover the components and serve as ILDs for interconnections.Gold bumps are used as electric interconnections between different layers,which eliminates the need to prepare vias by costly dry etching and deposition processes.In order to get high-quality BCB films for the subsequent chemical mechanical planarization（CMP）and multilayer metallization processes,the BCB curing profile is optimized and the roughness of the BCB film after the CMP process is kept lower than 10 nm.The thermal,mechanical and electrical properties of the packaging structure are investigated.The thermal resistance can be controlled below 2℃/W.The average shear strength of the gold bumps on the BCB surface is around 70 N/mm^2.The performances of MMIC and interconnection structure at high frequencies are optimized and tested.The S-parameters curves of the packaged MMIC shift slightly showing perfect transmission character.The insertion loss change after the packaging process is less than 1 dB range at the operating frequency and the return loss is less than –8 dB from 10 to 15 GHz.展开更多
本文首次采用改良版句子图片匹配任务考察了平均年龄为5岁2个月(5;2)的汉语特殊型语言障碍(Specific Language Impairment,简称SLI)儿童被动句的理解状况。结果表明,汉语SLI儿童长被动句理解与短被动句相比存在更大困难;其长被动句理解...本文首次采用改良版句子图片匹配任务考察了平均年龄为5岁2个月(5;2)的汉语特殊型语言障碍(Specific Language Impairment,简称SLI)儿童被动句的理解状况。结果表明,汉语SLI儿童长被动句理解与短被动句相比存在更大困难;其长被动句理解能力与正常发展儿童相比存在缺陷,主要表现为论旨角色颠倒错误。根据边缘特征不明示假说,本文认为汉语SLI儿童长被动句理解困难是由其对该句式中移位名词的边缘特征不敏感而触发的相对近距效应造成的。与以往理论相比,边缘特征不明示假说更具有普遍意义,可统一解释英、汉SLI儿童被动句的理解损伤。展开更多
文摘Markedness refers to the asymmetric phenomenon in a linguistic category. Unmarked item, compared with marked item,is more natural, more neutral, more fundamental, and has higher using frequency and wider distribution. From the perspective of markedness theory, the study, collecting 86 English passives and 85 Chinese passives(including 35 notional passives and 50 Beisentences), contrastively analyzes the unmarkedness of English and Chinese passives from the aspects of patient animacy, emotional color, and tense through example-illustration and description. The analysis shows that the unmarkedness of English and Chinese passives has different expressions in the three aspects. Inanimate patient has stronger unmarkedness in both English and Chinese passives, for it is more frequently-used than animate patient. According to people's cognition and language using habits, the emotional color of English passives and Chinese notional passives is neutral in most cases, so the neutral emotional color is unmarked.But in Chinese Bei-sentences, negative emotional color has stronger unmarkedness. As for the tense expression, English passives have wider distributions in time span and simpler structure than Chinese passives. Thus, English passives possess stronger unmarkedness in the light of tense. According to the analysis, the study proposes feasible advice for second language acquisition and translation.
文摘With the development of computer science, corpus linguistics emerges as the times require. Since 1980 s, scholars at home and abroad have been committed to the construction and exploration of corpus, and have started a new era of corpus. Corpus can be seen as a storehouse to deposit the linguistic materials. It is a database, a scientifically organized collection of linguistic materials. In the language application, those linguistic materials can be both written and oral, are produced in a natural way. These raw materials are used to observe and grasp language facts, which are regarded as the first-hand data for the analysis and research of language rules. In this study, the author intends to achieve two main aims. The first is to investigate whether there are some differences in using the passives by native speakers when they write and speak, and whether such differences are statistically significant. The second is to investigate whether there are some differences in using the passives in native speakers' formal writings and informal writings, and whether such differences are statistically significant.
文摘A new wafer-level 3D packaging structure with Benzocyclobutene（BCB）as interlayer dielectrics（ILDs） for multichip module fabrication is proposed for application in the Ku-band wave.The packaging structure consists of two layers of BCB films and three layers of metallized films,in which the monolithic microwave IC（MMIC）,thin film resistors,striplines and microstrip lines are integrated.Wet etched cavities fabricated on the silicon substrate are used for mounting active and passive components.BCB layers cover the components and serve as ILDs for interconnections.Gold bumps are used as electric interconnections between different layers,which eliminates the need to prepare vias by costly dry etching and deposition processes.In order to get high-quality BCB films for the subsequent chemical mechanical planarization（CMP）and multilayer metallization processes,the BCB curing profile is optimized and the roughness of the BCB film after the CMP process is kept lower than 10 nm.The thermal,mechanical and electrical properties of the packaging structure are investigated.The thermal resistance can be controlled below 2℃/W.The average shear strength of the gold bumps on the BCB surface is around 70 N/mm^2.The performances of MMIC and interconnection structure at high frequencies are optimized and tested.The S-parameters curves of the packaged MMIC shift slightly showing perfect transmission character.The insertion loss change after the packaging process is less than 1 dB range at the operating frequency and the return loss is less than –8 dB from 10 to 15 GHz.
文摘本文首次采用改良版句子图片匹配任务考察了平均年龄为5岁2个月(5;2)的汉语特殊型语言障碍(Specific Language Impairment,简称SLI)儿童被动句的理解状况。结果表明,汉语SLI儿童长被动句理解与短被动句相比存在更大困难;其长被动句理解能力与正常发展儿童相比存在缺陷,主要表现为论旨角色颠倒错误。根据边缘特征不明示假说,本文认为汉语SLI儿童长被动句理解困难是由其对该句式中移位名词的边缘特征不敏感而触发的相对近距效应造成的。与以往理论相比,边缘特征不明示假说更具有普遍意义,可统一解释英、汉SLI儿童被动句的理解损伤。
