Pernicious anemia （PA） is a macrocytic anemia that is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, as a result of intrinsic factor deficiency. PA is associated with atrophic body gastritis （ABG）, whose diagnosis is based on ...Pernicious anemia （PA） is a macrocytic anemia that is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, as a result of intrinsic factor deficiency. PA is associated with atrophic body gastritis （ABG）, whose diagnosis is based on histological confirmation of gastric body atrophy. Serological markers that suggest oxyntic mucosa damage are increased fasting gastrin and decreased pepsinogen I. Without performing Schilling＇s test, intrinsic factor deficiency may not be proven, and intrinsic factor and parietal cell antibodies are use- ful surrogate markers of PA, with 73% sensitivity and 100% specificity. PA is mainly considered a disease of the elderly, but younger patients represent about 15% of patients. PA patients may seek medical advice due to symptoms related to anemia, such as weak-ness and asthenia. Less commonly, the disease is suspected to be caused by dyspepsia. PA is frequently associated with autoimmune thyroid disease （40%） and other autoimmune disorders, such as diabetes mellitus （10%）, as part of the autoimmune polyen-docrine syndrome. PA is the end-stage of ABG. Long- standing Helicobacter pylori infection probably plays a role in many patients with PA, in whom the active infectious process has been gradually replaced by an autoimmune disease that terminates in a burned-out infection and the irreversible destruction of the gastric body mucosa. Human leucocyte antigen-DR genotypes suggest a role for genetic susceptibility in PA. PA patients should be managed by cobalamin replacement treatment and monitoring for onset of iron deficiency. Moreover, they should be advised about possible gastrointestinal long-term consequences, such as gastric cancer and carcinoids.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the dynamic functional and ultrastructural changes of gastric parietal cells induced by water immersion-restraint stress （WRS） in rats.METHODS： WRS model of Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats was estab...AIM： To investigate the dynamic functional and ultrastructural changes of gastric parietal cells induced by water immersion-restraint stress （WRS） in rats.METHODS： WRS model of Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats was established. Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, stress group and post-stress group. The stress group was divided into 1, 2 and 4 h stress subgroups. The post-stress group was divided into 24, 48 and 72 h subgroups. The pH value of gastric juice, ulcer index （UI） of gastric mucosa and H^＋, K^＋- ATPase activity of gastric parietal cells were measured. Ultrastructural change of parietal cells was observed under transmission electron microscope （TEM）.RESULTS： The pH value of gastric juice decreased time-dependently in stress group and increased in post-stress group. The H^＋, K^＋-ATPase activity of gastric parietal cells and the UI of gastric mucosa increased time-dependently in stress group and decreased in poststress group. Compared to control group, the pH value decreased remarkably （P = 0.0001）, the UI and H^＋, K^＋- ATPase activity increased significantly （P = 0.0001, P = 0.0174） in 4 h stress subgroup. UI was positively related with stress time （r = 0.9876, P 〈 0.01） but negatively with pH value （r = -0.8724, P 〈 0.05）. The parietal cells became active in stress group, especially in 4 h stress subgroup, in which plenty of intracellular canalicular and mitochondria were observed under TEM. In post-stress group, the parietal cells recovered to resting state.CONCOUSION： The acid secretion of parietal cells is consistent with their ultrastructural changes during the development and healing of stress ulcer induced by WRS and the degree of gastric mucosal lesions, suggesting gastric acid play an important role in the development of stress ulcer and is closely related with the recovery of gastric mucosal lesions induced by WRS.展开更多
At Quesang on the Tibetan Plateau we report a series of hand and foot impressions that appear to have been intentionally placed on the surface of a unit of soft travertine.The travertine was deposited by water from a ...At Quesang on the Tibetan Plateau we report a series of hand and foot impressions that appear to have been intentionally placed on the surface of a unit of soft travertine.The travertine was deposited by water from a hot spring which is now inactive and as the travertine lithified it preserved the traces.On the basis of the sizes of the hand and foot traces,we suggest that two track-makers were involved and were likely children.We interpret this event as a deliberate artistic act that created a work of parietal art.The travertine unit on which the traces were imprinted dates to between~169 and 226 ka BP.This would make the site the earliest currently known example of parietal art in the world and would also provide the earliest evidence discovered to date for hominins on the High Tibetan Plateau(above 4000 m a.s.l.).This remarkable discovery adds to the body of research that identifies children as some of the earliest artists within the genus Homo.展开更多
Background: Neuraxial anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is the reference technique in cesarean section anesthesia for the management of postoperative analgesia. If there is a contraindication to this, general anest...Background: Neuraxial anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is the reference technique in cesarean section anesthesia for the management of postoperative analgesia. If there is a contraindication to this, general anesthesia is required. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of 4 analgesic techniques performed during cesarean section under general anesthesia in two centers with different anesthetic practices (North Franche Comté Hospital and Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital). Method: This is a retrospective and descriptive study over 2 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. It involved evaluating the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of morphine in the epidural catheter, wound infiltration, intravenous analgesia and Transversus Abdominous Plane block (TAP block) from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) until the 4<sup>th</sup> post-operative day. Results: Of the 354 cesarean sections performed, 84 (11.14%) received general anesthesia. The average age was 32.27 years. Acute fetal distress was the first indication for cesarean section (45.2%), followed by hemorrhagic placenta previa (10.7%) and prolapse of the cord (8.33%). Morphine in the epidural catheter was the most used (47.6%) followed by parietal infiltration (36.9%), intravenous analgesia (13.1%) and TAP block (2.38%). The analgesic effectiveness was comparable between the techniques from postoperative day 0 to day 4. No difference in side effects. Postoperative morphine consumption was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) in the infiltration (9 mg) and TAP block (9mg) groups compared to the epidural catheter (16 mg) and intravenous analgesia (17 mg). No difference in 02 rehabilitation criteria (ambulation, first bowel movement). No difference in the occurrence of chronic pain. Conclusion: In the event of a cesarean section under general anesthesia, there are effective and well-tolerated alternatives to neuraxial anesthesia, particularly regional anesthesia techniques (nerve blocks), particularly in coun展开更多
Objective： To study the regulative action of mica monomer powder preparation on the chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in the gastric mucosa of the experimental atrophic gastritis （CAG） rats. Methods...Objective： To study the regulative action of mica monomer powder preparation on the chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in the gastric mucosa of the experimental atrophic gastritis （CAG） rats. Methods： Intervention therapy was given to the experimental CAG rats at three different doses of mica monomer powder preparation to evaluate the changes of chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in the gastric mucosa and the histopathological changes of gastric mucosa. Results： Mica monomer powder preparation at three different doses could increase the amount of chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in gastric mucosa of the experimental CAG rats and alleviate and control the inflammation of gastric mucosa and the atrophy of gastric mucosa glands. Especially, better effects were shown in the mid and high dose groups. Conclusion： Mica has the pharmacological action of protecting the gastric mucosa, promoting the regeneration of gastric glands, enhancing blood flow of the gastric mucosa, and consequently improving the inflammatory responses of the gastric mucosa. One of the mechanisms is associated with promoting the secretion of gastric acid and gastric pepsin and regulating the neuroendocrine mechanism including gut hormone secretion （gastrin and somatostatin） by increasing the number of chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells.展开更多
AIM:To test whether the expression and activity of H,K-ATPase in parietal cells would be affected by cigarette smoke extract.METHODS: Extracts of cigarette smoke were administered into mice by gastric gavage (5 mg/kg ...AIM:To test whether the expression and activity of H,K-ATPase in parietal cells would be affected by cigarette smoke extract.METHODS: Extracts of cigarette smoke were administered into mice by gastric gavage (5 mg/kg body weight/day) for 3 d or in drinking water for 7 or 14 d. For the latter, each day a mouse consumed 5 mL water containing extracts of two cigarettes, on average. Control littermate mice received only vehicle. To compare the amount of H,K-ATPase in control and smoke-treated mice, the stomach was processed for Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibodies specific for α- or β-subunits of H,K-ATPase. The p-nitrophenylphospatase activity assay was used as a measurement for K-dependent H,K-ATPase activity.RESULTS: Probed transblots showed an increase in the amount of H,K-ATPase in smoke-treated mice which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and was found to be due to increased amounts of protein per parietal cell rather than an increased parietal cell number. The increase in the amount of H,K-ATPase was associated with an enhancement of its enzymatic activity. K-dependent activity in control and smoke-treated mice was significantly different (respectively, 0.12 μmol/mg vs 0.27 μmol/mg per minute, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Administration of cigarette smoke extract is associated with an increase in the amount and activity of H,K-ATPase and hence, smokers are susceptible to development of peptic ulcer.展开更多
Potassium (K+) ions are critical for the activation and catalytic cycle of the gastric H+,K+-ATPase, resulting in the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the parietal cell canaliculus. As both symptom, severity and es...Potassium (K+) ions are critical for the activation and catalytic cycle of the gastric H+,K+-ATPase, resulting in the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the parietal cell canaliculus. As both symptom, severity and esophageal mucosal damage in gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) are related to the degree of acid exposure, K+ is a logical target for approaches to inhibit acid production.The probable K+ binding site on the gastric H+,K+-ATPase has recently been described and studies are elucidating how K+ activates the enzyme. K+ channels in the apical membrane of the parietal cell are implicated in the recycling of K+ and, to date, three potential K+ channels (KCNQ1, Kir2.1 and Kir4.1) have been identified. The channels represent theoretical sites for agents to control acid secretion but it will be difficult to develop selective blockers. An alternative strategy is to prevent K+ from activating gastric H+,K+-ATPase; the potassiumcompetitive acid blocker (P-CAB) class inhibits acidsecretion by binding at or near the K+ binding site.Ongoing research is further defining the role of K+ in the functioning of the gastric H+,K+-ATPase, as well as determining the clinical utility of agents directed toward this important cation.展开更多
Parietal cells are one of the largest epithelium cells of the mucous membrane of the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid. To study the function of gastric parietal cells during gastric epithelium homeostasis, we ge...Parietal cells are one of the largest epithelium cells of the mucous membrane of the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid. To study the function of gastric parietal cells during gastric epithelium homeostasis, we generated a transgenic mouse line, namely, Atp4b-Cre, in which the expression of Cre recombinase was controlled by a 1.0 kb promoter of mouse β-subunit of H^＋-, K^＋-ATPase gene （Atp4b）. In order to test the tissue distribution and excision activity of Cre recombinase in vivo, the Atp4b-Cre transgenic mice were bred with the reporter strain ROSA26 and a mouse strain that carries Smad4 conditional alleles （Smad4Ca/Co）. Multiple-tissue PCR of Atp4b-Cre;Smad4Co/＋ mice revealed that the recombination only happened in the stomach. As indicated by LacZ staining, ROSA26;Atp4b-Cre double transgenic mice showed efficient expression of Cre recombinase within the gastric parietal cells. These results showed that this Atp4b-Cre mouse line could be used as a powerful tool to achieve conditional gene knockout in gastric parietal cells.展开更多
The parietal component of pain occupies an important place in the management of postoperative analgesia. Parietal infiltration is a technique that fits into a concept of multimodal analgesia using several analgesic pr...The parietal component of pain occupies an important place in the management of postoperative analgesia. Parietal infiltration is a technique that fits into a concept of multimodal analgesia using several analgesic products simultaneously. This simple and reliable technique makes it possible to reduce the use of opioids and therefore their adverse effects;without increasing the risk of infection. It reduces the length of hospitalization.展开更多
The present experiment employed the immunohistochemical technique and morphological observation to investigate the expression and distribution of C3, C4, IgG, IgE and 5-HT in portal hypertensive pigs with pathological...The present experiment employed the immunohistochemical technique and morphological observation to investigate the expression and distribution of C3, C4, IgG, IgE and 5-HT in portal hypertensive pigs with pathological change of gastric mucosa and gastric parietal vessels. The wall of gastric mucosal microvessels in portal hypertensive pigs had a positive or strong positive reaction of C3,C4, IgG, IgE and 5-HT with obvious injury of gastric mucosa normal pigs imparted negative or feeble positive reaction, suggesting that during portal hypertension, the gastric mucosal micr0-vessels has deposit of immunocomplexes resulting in the injury of the micro-vessels. It might be a factor inv01ved in the pathogenesis of the gastric mucosal lesion during portal hypertension with cirrhosis.展开更多
The fact that the acidsecreting parietal cells undergo continuous renewal has been ignored by many gastroenterologists and cell biologists. In the past, it was thought that these cells were static. However, by using 3...The fact that the acidsecreting parietal cells undergo continuous renewal has been ignored by many gastroenterologists and cell biologists. In the past, it was thought that these cells were static. However, by using 3Hthymidine radioautography in combination with electron microscopy, it was possible to demonstrate that parietal cells belong to a continuously renewing epithelial cell lineage. In the gastric glands, stem cells anchored in the isthmus region are responsible for the production of parietal cells. The stem cells give rise to three main progenitors: prepit, preneck and preparietal cells. Parietal cells develop either directly from the noncycling preparietal cells or less commonly via differentiation of the cycling prepit and preneck cell progenitors. The formation of a parietal cell is a sequential process which involves diminishment of glycocalyx, production of cytoplasmic tubulovesicles, an increase in number and length of microvilli, an increase in number and size of mitochondria, and fi nally, expansion and invagination of the apical membrane with the formation of an intracellular canalicular system. Little is known about the genetic counterparts of these morphological events. However, the time dimension of parietal cell production and the consequences of its alteration on the biological features of the gastric gland are well documented. The production of a new parietal cell takes about 2 d. However, mature parietal cells have a long lifespan during which they migrate bidirectionally while their functional activity for acid secretion gradually diminishes. Following an average lifespan of about 54 d, in mice, old parietal cells undergo degeneration and elimination. Various approaches for genetic alteration of the development of parietal cells have provided evidence in support of their role as governors of the stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation programs. Revealing the dynamic features and the various roles of parietal cells would help in a better understanding of the biological fea展开更多
AIM:To test the hypothesis that histamine 3 receptor (H3R)activation during Helicobacter infection inhibits gastric acid secretion in vivo and in vitro.METHODS:Helicobacter felis(H.felis)infected and uninfected C57Bl/...AIM:To test the hypothesis that histamine 3 receptor (H3R)activation during Helicobacter infection inhibits gastric acid secretion in vivo and in vitro.METHODS:Helicobacter felis(H.felis)infected and uninfected C57Bl/6 mice were infused with either PBS or the H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide(THIO)for 12 wk.After treatment,mice were analyzed for morphological changes and gastric acid content.Total RNA was prepared from the stomachs of each group and analyzed for changes in somatostatin and gastrin mRNA abundance by real time-polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR).Location of H3 receptors in the stomach was analyzed by co-localization using antibodies specific for the H3 receptor and parietal cell marker H + ,K + -ATPase βsubunit. RESULTS:Inflammation and parietal cell atrophy was observed after 12 wk of H.felis infection.Interestingly, treatment with the H3R antagonist thioperamide(THIO) prior to and during infection prevented H.felis-induced inflammation and atrophy.Compared to the uninfected controls,infected mice also had significantly decreased gastric acid.After eradication of H.felis with THIO treatment,gastric acidity was restored.Compared to the control mice,somatostatin mRNA abundance was decreased while gastrin gene expression was elevated during infection.Despite elevated gastric acid levels, after eradication of H.felis with THIO,somatostatin mRNA was elevated whereas gastrin mRNA was suppressed.Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of H3 receptors on the parietal cells,somatostatin-secreting D-cells as well as the inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION:This study shows that during H.felis infection,gastric acidity is suppressed as a consequence of an inhibitory effect on the parietal cell by H3R activation.The stimulation of gastric mucosal H3Rs increases gastrin expression and release by inhibiting release of somatostatin.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the effects of twirling reinforcing and reducing manipulations on protein expression in parietal cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs), and elucidate the main mechanisms and differences...Objective: To analyze the effects of twirling reinforcing and reducing manipulations on protein expression in parietal cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs), and elucidate the main mechanisms and differences between two manipulations in hypertension treatment.Methods: Rats were randomly divided into the control, model, twirling reinforcing manipulation(TRFM),and twirling reducing manipulation(TRDM) groups. The control and model groups received catch and fixation stimulations once a day for 14 days. The TRFM and TRDM groups were intervened once a day for 20 min for 14 days. On days 0, 2, 6, 10, and 14 after acupuncture, rat systolic blood pressures(SBPs) were measured. Differential protein(DP) expression in the rat parietal cortices was detected. Thereafter, GO functional significance and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed.Results: Compared with the model group, SBP of rats in the TRDM and TRFM groups decreased on days 6 and 10 of acupuncture, respectively(P=.009;P <.001). Moreover, SBP of the TRDM group was significantly lower than that of the TRFM group on days 10 and 14 of acupuncture(P=.015;P=.013).Compared with control group, 601 and 1040 DPs were up-and downregulated, respectively, in the model group. Compared with model group, 44 and 28 up-and downregulated DPs were expressed, respectively,in the TRFM group. Compared with model group, expression of 616 and 427 up-and downregulated DPs,respectively, was found in the TRDM group. After combining the results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, five and one pathways were found to be related to the central antihypertensive mechanism of the parietal cortex during twirling reducing and reinforcing manipulations, respectively.Conclusion: TRDM showed a more effective antihypertensive effect on SHRs than TRFM;this antihypertensive effect was related to the regulation of different proteins and their biological functions.展开更多
Abstract A brain network consisting of two key parietal nodes, the precuneus and the posterior cingulate cortex, has emerged from recent fMRI studies. Though it is anatomically adjacent to and spatially overlaps with ...Abstract A brain network consisting of two key parietal nodes, the precuneus and the posterior cingulate cortex, has emerged from recent fMRI studies. Though it is anatomically adjacent to and spatially overlaps with the default mode network （DMN）, its function has been associated with memory processing, and it has been referred to as the parietal memory network （PMN）. Independent component analysis （ICA） is the most common data-driven method used to extract PMN and DMN simultaneously. However, the effects of data preprocessing and parameter determi- nation in ICA on PMN-DMN segregation are completely unknown. Here, we employ three typical algorithms of group ICA to assess how spatial smoothing and model order influence the degree of PMN-DMN segregation. Our findings indicate that PMN and DMN can only be stably separated using a combination of low-level spatial smoothing and high model order across the three ICA algorithms. We thus argue for more considerations on parametric settings for interpreting DMN data.展开更多
Brain signal analysis plays a significant role in attaining data related to motor activities.The parietal region of the brain plays a vital role in muscular movements.This approach aims to demonstrate a unique techniq...Brain signal analysis plays a significant role in attaining data related to motor activities.The parietal region of the brain plays a vital role in muscular movements.This approach aims to demonstrate a unique technique to identify an ideal region of the human brain that generates signals responsible for muscular movements;perform statistical analysis to provide an absolute characterization of the signal and validate the obtained results using a prototype arm.This can enhance the practical implementation of these frequency extractions for future neuro-prosthetic applications and the characterization of neurological diseases like Parkinson’s disease(PD).To play out this handling method,electroencepha-logram(EEG)signals are gained while the subject is performing different wrist and elbow movements.Then,the frontal brain signals and just the parietal signals are separated from the obtained EEG signal by utilizing a band pass filter.Then,feature extraction is carried out using Fast Fourier Transform(FFT).Subse-quently,the extraction process is done by Daubechies(db4)and Haar wavelet(db1)in MATLAB and classified using the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm.The results of the frequency changes that occurred during various wrist move-ments in the parietal region are compared with the frequency changes that occurred in frontal EEG signals.This proposed algorithm also uses the deep learn-ing pattern analysis network to evaluate the matching sequence for each action that takes place.Maximum accuracy of 97.2%and maximum error range of 0.6684%are achieved during the analysis.Results of this research confirm that the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm,along with the newly developed deep learn-ing hybrid PatternNet,provides a more accurate range of frequency changes than any other classifier used in previous works of literature.Based on the analysis,the peak-to-peak value is used to define the threshold for the prototype arm,which performs all the intended degrees of freedom(DOF),verifying the results.These results would aid the speci展开更多
Objective: Evaluate pyeloplasty according to Küss-Anderson-Hynes at the urology-andrology department of the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital. Patient and Method: This is a 3-year prospective descriptive study fro...Objective: Evaluate pyeloplasty according to Küss-Anderson-Hynes at the urology-andrology department of the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital. Patient and Method: This is a 3-year prospective descriptive study from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. It focused on a sample of 21 patients, who had undergone pyeloplasty according to Küss-Anderson-Hynes. Results: The averages age of the patients was 24.24 years. Lumbar pain was the main reason for consultation in 71.43% of cases. pyeloplasty according to Küss-Anderson-Hynes alone was performed in 76.20% of cases. It was associated with lower pole vessel uncrossing in 14.29% of cases and in 9.52% of cases with pyelolithotomy. The main Postoperative complications consisted of surgical site infections (23.81%) and fistula of the pyelo-ureteral junction (9.52%). The result of the pyeloplasty evaluated after three years, was qualified as good in 13 patients (86.67%), conversely the result was declared bad in 2 patients or 13.33%. During the follow-up period, postoperatively, we had lost sight of 6 patients. Conclusion: Pyeloplasty according to Küss-Anderson-Hynes in addition to its excellent results reported by the literature was the only therapeutic alternative performed during this study. However, its indications are considerably reduced with the advancement of laparoscopy.展开更多
Mirror neuron system can be activated by observation and execution of an action.It has an important function of action understanding.We investigated brain activations in humans by observing the strength of a hand gras...Mirror neuron system can be activated by observation and execution of an action.It has an important function of action understanding.We investigated brain activations in humans by observing the strength of a hand grasp using functional magnetic resonance imaging.Twenty right-handed healthy individuals,consisting of 10 males and 10 females,aged 22.40 ± 2.04 years,were recruited into this study from September to November 2017 via posters.Light hand grasp task video showed a hand lightly grasping and releasing a ball repeatedly.Powerful hand grasp task video showed a hand tightly grasping and releasing a ball repeatedly.Functional magnetic resonance imaging block design paradigm comprised five stimulation blocks alternating with five baseline blocks.Stimulation blocks were presented with two stimulus tasks,consisting of a light grasp and a powerful grasp.Region of interest was defined around the inferior parietal lobule,inferior frontal gyrus,and superior temporal sulcus which have been called mirror neuron system.The inferior parietal lobule,fusiform,postcentral,occipital,temporal,and frontal gyri were activated during light and powerful grasp tasks.The BOLD signal response of a powerful grasp was stronger than that of a light grasp.These results suggest that brain activation of the inferior parietal lobule,which is the core brain region of the mirror neuron system,was stronger in the powerful grasp task than in the light grasp task.We believe that our results might be helpful for instructing rehabilitation of brain injury.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Daegu Oriental Hospital of Daegu Haany University on September 8,2017 (approval No.DHUMC-D-17020-PRO-01).展开更多
BACKGROUND： cAMP-response element binding protein （CREB） is a key modulator of various signaling pathways. CREB activation initiates a series of intracellular signaling pathways that promote neuronal survival. OBJE...BACKGROUND： cAMP-response element binding protein （CREB） is a key modulator of various signaling pathways. CREB activation initiates a series of intracellular signaling pathways that promote neuronal survival. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the regulatory effects of basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） on cerebral neuronal CREB expression following ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An immunohistochemical detection experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, between October 2006 and April 2008. MATERIALS： A total of 60 healthy, adult, Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham-operated （n =12）, ischemia/reperfusion （n = 24）, and bFGF-treated （n = 24）. Rabbit anti-rat CREB （1： 100） and biotin labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG were purchased from the Wuhan Boster Company, China. MetaMorph-evolution MP5.0-BX51 microscopy imaging system was provided by China Medical University, China. METHODS： Rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were developed using the suture method for right middle cerebral artery occlusion. Two-hour ischemia was followed by reperfusion. Rats from the bFGF-treated and ischemia/reperfusion groups were intraperitoneally administered endogenous bFGF （500 IU/mL, 2 000 IU/kg） or an equal amount of physiological saline. Rats from the sham-operated group underwent a similar surgical procedure, without induction of ischemia/reperfusion injury and drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： After 48-hour reperfusion, hippocampal and parietal cortical neuronal CREB expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the absorbance of hippocampal CREB-positive products was determined using MetaMorph-evolutionMP5.0-BX51 microscopy imaging system. RESULTS： The sham-operated group exhibited noticeable CREB expression in hippocampal and parietal cortical neurons. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, the CREB expression was discrete and neurons were poorly arranged. The bFGF-treated group exhi展开更多
AIM:To explore the prevalence of autoimmune gastritis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients and the influence of α-interferon (IFN) treatment on autoimmune gastritis. METHODS:We performed a prospective study on...AIM:To explore the prevalence of autoimmune gastritis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients and the influence of α-interferon (IFN) treatment on autoimmune gastritis. METHODS:We performed a prospective study on 189 patients with positive anti-HCV and viral RNA enrolled in a 12-month IFN protocol.We evaluated:a) the baseline prevalence of autoimmune gastritis,b) the impact of IFN treatment on development of biochemical signs of autoimmune gastritis (at 3,6 and 12 months),c) the evolution after IFN withdrawal (12 months) in terms of anti-gastric-parietal-cell antibodies (APCA),gastrin,anti-thyroid,and anti-non-organ- specific antibodies. RESULTS:APCA positivity and 3-fold gastrin levels were detected in 3 (1.6%) and 9 (5%) patients,respectively,at baseline,in 25 (13%) and 31 (16%) patients at the end of treatment (both P<0.001,vs baseline),and in 7 (4%) and 14 (7%) patients 12 months after withdrawal (P=0.002 and P=0.01 respectively,vs baseline;P=not significant vs end of treatment).The development of autoimmune gastritis was strictly associated with the presence of autoimmune thyroiditis (P=0.0001),no relationship was found with other markers of autoimmunity. CONCLUSION:In HCV patients,IFN frequently precipitates latent autoimmune gastritis,particularly in females.Following our 12-month protocol,the phenomenon generally regressed.Since APCA positivity and high gastrin levels are associated with the presence of antithyroid antibodies, development of autoimmune thyroiditis during IFN treatment may provide a surrogate preliminary indicator of possible autoimmune gastritis to limit the need for invasive examinations.展开更多
Three male patients were diagnosed with new cortical infarctions of the right parietal lobe on the basis of head magnetic resonance imaging; high-intensity signals indicating lesions in the right parietal lobe were no...Three male patients were diagnosed with new cortical infarctions of the right parietal lobe on the basis of head magnetic resonance imaging; high-intensity signals indicating lesions in the right parietal lobe were noted on diffusion-weighted images at admission. Two of them presented with left hand weakness, and one exhibited left upper limb weakness. Treatment for improving blood supply to the brain was administered. One patient died suddenly because of ventricular fibrillation 3 days after admission. The other two patients had increased troponin levels and abnormal electrocardiograms, and were diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction half a month after admission. When lesions exist in field 7 of the parietal cortex （resulting in paralysis of the contralateral hand）, the sympathetic center of the posterior lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus demonstrates compensatory excitement, which easily causes tachyarrhythmia and sudden death. Our experimental findings indicate that close electrocardiograph monitoring and cerebral infarction treatment should be standard procedures to predict and help prevent heart disease in patients with cerebral infarction in the right parietal lobe and left upper limb weakness as the main complaint.展开更多
基金Supported by Funds of the Italian Ministry for University and Research (PRIN 2007) and by funds of the University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
文摘Pernicious anemia （PA） is a macrocytic anemia that is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, as a result of intrinsic factor deficiency. PA is associated with atrophic body gastritis （ABG）, whose diagnosis is based on histological confirmation of gastric body atrophy. Serological markers that suggest oxyntic mucosa damage are increased fasting gastrin and decreased pepsinogen I. Without performing Schilling＇s test, intrinsic factor deficiency may not be proven, and intrinsic factor and parietal cell antibodies are use- ful surrogate markers of PA, with 73% sensitivity and 100% specificity. PA is mainly considered a disease of the elderly, but younger patients represent about 15% of patients. PA patients may seek medical advice due to symptoms related to anemia, such as weak-ness and asthenia. Less commonly, the disease is suspected to be caused by dyspepsia. PA is frequently associated with autoimmune thyroid disease （40%） and other autoimmune disorders, such as diabetes mellitus （10%）, as part of the autoimmune polyen-docrine syndrome. PA is the end-stage of ABG. Long- standing Helicobacter pylori infection probably plays a role in many patients with PA, in whom the active infectious process has been gradually replaced by an autoimmune disease that terminates in a burned-out infection and the irreversible destruction of the gastric body mucosa. Human leucocyte antigen-DR genotypes suggest a role for genetic susceptibility in PA. PA patients should be managed by cobalamin replacement treatment and monitoring for onset of iron deficiency. Moreover, they should be advised about possible gastrointestinal long-term consequences, such as gastric cancer and carcinoids.
基金Supported by the Key Project of Military Medicine during the 10th five-year Plan period, PLA, China, No. 01Z059
文摘AIM： To investigate the dynamic functional and ultrastructural changes of gastric parietal cells induced by water immersion-restraint stress （WRS） in rats.METHODS： WRS model of Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats was established. Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, stress group and post-stress group. The stress group was divided into 1, 2 and 4 h stress subgroups. The post-stress group was divided into 24, 48 and 72 h subgroups. The pH value of gastric juice, ulcer index （UI） of gastric mucosa and H^＋, K^＋- ATPase activity of gastric parietal cells were measured. Ultrastructural change of parietal cells was observed under transmission electron microscope （TEM）.RESULTS： The pH value of gastric juice decreased time-dependently in stress group and increased in post-stress group. The H^＋, K^＋-ATPase activity of gastric parietal cells and the UI of gastric mucosa increased time-dependently in stress group and decreased in poststress group. Compared to control group, the pH value decreased remarkably （P = 0.0001）, the UI and H^＋, K^＋- ATPase activity increased significantly （P = 0.0001, P = 0.0174） in 4 h stress subgroup. UI was positively related with stress time （r = 0.9876, P 〈 0.01） but negatively with pH value （r = -0.8724, P 〈 0.05）. The parietal cells became active in stress group, especially in 4 h stress subgroup, in which plenty of intracellular canalicular and mitochondria were observed under TEM. In post-stress group, the parietal cells recovered to resting state.CONCOUSION： The acid secretion of parietal cells is consistent with their ultrastructural changes during the development and healing of stress ulcer induced by WRS and the degree of gastric mucosal lesions, suggesting gastric acid play an important role in the development of stress ulcer and is closely related with the recovery of gastric mucosal lesions induced by WRS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971110 and 41888101)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0601)the Early Career Scheme of Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(28300717)。
文摘At Quesang on the Tibetan Plateau we report a series of hand and foot impressions that appear to have been intentionally placed on the surface of a unit of soft travertine.The travertine was deposited by water from a hot spring which is now inactive and as the travertine lithified it preserved the traces.On the basis of the sizes of the hand and foot traces,we suggest that two track-makers were involved and were likely children.We interpret this event as a deliberate artistic act that created a work of parietal art.The travertine unit on which the traces were imprinted dates to between~169 and 226 ka BP.This would make the site the earliest currently known example of parietal art in the world and would also provide the earliest evidence discovered to date for hominins on the High Tibetan Plateau(above 4000 m a.s.l.).This remarkable discovery adds to the body of research that identifies children as some of the earliest artists within the genus Homo.
文摘Background: Neuraxial anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is the reference technique in cesarean section anesthesia for the management of postoperative analgesia. If there is a contraindication to this, general anesthesia is required. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of 4 analgesic techniques performed during cesarean section under general anesthesia in two centers with different anesthetic practices (North Franche Comté Hospital and Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital). Method: This is a retrospective and descriptive study over 2 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. It involved evaluating the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of morphine in the epidural catheter, wound infiltration, intravenous analgesia and Transversus Abdominous Plane block (TAP block) from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) until the 4<sup>th</sup> post-operative day. Results: Of the 354 cesarean sections performed, 84 (11.14%) received general anesthesia. The average age was 32.27 years. Acute fetal distress was the first indication for cesarean section (45.2%), followed by hemorrhagic placenta previa (10.7%) and prolapse of the cord (8.33%). Morphine in the epidural catheter was the most used (47.6%) followed by parietal infiltration (36.9%), intravenous analgesia (13.1%) and TAP block (2.38%). The analgesic effectiveness was comparable between the techniques from postoperative day 0 to day 4. No difference in side effects. Postoperative morphine consumption was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) in the infiltration (9 mg) and TAP block (9mg) groups compared to the epidural catheter (16 mg) and intravenous analgesia (17 mg). No difference in 02 rehabilitation criteria (ambulation, first bowel movement). No difference in the occurrence of chronic pain. Conclusion: In the event of a cesarean section under general anesthesia, there are effective and well-tolerated alternatives to neuraxial anesthesia, particularly regional anesthesia techniques (nerve blocks), particularly in coun
基金the Postdoctoral Scientific Foundation of China(No.2002032232)the Natural Science Foundation of Science and Technology Office of Zhejiang Province(No.G20011025)
文摘Objective： To study the regulative action of mica monomer powder preparation on the chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in the gastric mucosa of the experimental atrophic gastritis （CAG） rats. Methods： Intervention therapy was given to the experimental CAG rats at three different doses of mica monomer powder preparation to evaluate the changes of chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in the gastric mucosa and the histopathological changes of gastric mucosa. Results： Mica monomer powder preparation at three different doses could increase the amount of chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in gastric mucosa of the experimental CAG rats and alleviate and control the inflammation of gastric mucosa and the atrophy of gastric mucosa glands. Especially, better effects were shown in the mid and high dose groups. Conclusion： Mica has the pharmacological action of protecting the gastric mucosa, promoting the regeneration of gastric glands, enhancing blood flow of the gastric mucosa, and consequently improving the inflammatory responses of the gastric mucosa. One of the mechanisms is associated with promoting the secretion of gastric acid and gastric pepsin and regulating the neuroendocrine mechanism including gut hormone secretion （gastrin and somatostatin） by increasing the number of chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells.
基金Supported by Research Grants from UAE University and Terry Fox Foundation (to Karam SM)
文摘AIM:To test whether the expression and activity of H,K-ATPase in parietal cells would be affected by cigarette smoke extract.METHODS: Extracts of cigarette smoke were administered into mice by gastric gavage (5 mg/kg body weight/day) for 3 d or in drinking water for 7 or 14 d. For the latter, each day a mouse consumed 5 mL water containing extracts of two cigarettes, on average. Control littermate mice received only vehicle. To compare the amount of H,K-ATPase in control and smoke-treated mice, the stomach was processed for Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibodies specific for α- or β-subunits of H,K-ATPase. The p-nitrophenylphospatase activity assay was used as a measurement for K-dependent H,K-ATPase activity.RESULTS: Probed transblots showed an increase in the amount of H,K-ATPase in smoke-treated mice which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and was found to be due to increased amounts of protein per parietal cell rather than an increased parietal cell number. The increase in the amount of H,K-ATPase was associated with an enhancement of its enzymatic activity. K-dependent activity in control and smoke-treated mice was significantly different (respectively, 0.12 μmol/mg vs 0.27 μmol/mg per minute, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Administration of cigarette smoke extract is associated with an increase in the amount and activity of H,K-ATPase and hence, smokers are susceptible to development of peptic ulcer.
文摘Potassium (K+) ions are critical for the activation and catalytic cycle of the gastric H+,K+-ATPase, resulting in the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the parietal cell canaliculus. As both symptom, severity and esophageal mucosal damage in gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) are related to the degree of acid exposure, K+ is a logical target for approaches to inhibit acid production.The probable K+ binding site on the gastric H+,K+-ATPase has recently been described and studies are elucidating how K+ activates the enzyme. K+ channels in the apical membrane of the parietal cell are implicated in the recycling of K+ and, to date, three potential K+ channels (KCNQ1, Kir2.1 and Kir4.1) have been identified. The channels represent theoretical sites for agents to control acid secretion but it will be difficult to develop selective blockers. An alternative strategy is to prevent K+ from activating gastric H+,K+-ATPase; the potassiumcompetitive acid blocker (P-CAB) class inhibits acidsecretion by binding at or near the K+ binding site.Ongoing research is further defining the role of K+ in the functioning of the gastric H+,K+-ATPase, as well as determining the clinical utility of agents directed toward this important cation.
基金supported by Chinese National Key Program on Basic Research (Nos. 2006CB943501 and 2006BAI23B01-3)Key Project for Drug Discovery and Development in China (No. 2009ZX09501-027)+1 种基金Key Project for Infectious Diseases in China (No. 2008ZX10002-016)E-Institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (E03003)
文摘Parietal cells are one of the largest epithelium cells of the mucous membrane of the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid. To study the function of gastric parietal cells during gastric epithelium homeostasis, we generated a transgenic mouse line, namely, Atp4b-Cre, in which the expression of Cre recombinase was controlled by a 1.0 kb promoter of mouse β-subunit of H^＋-, K^＋-ATPase gene （Atp4b）. In order to test the tissue distribution and excision activity of Cre recombinase in vivo, the Atp4b-Cre transgenic mice were bred with the reporter strain ROSA26 and a mouse strain that carries Smad4 conditional alleles （Smad4Ca/Co）. Multiple-tissue PCR of Atp4b-Cre;Smad4Co/＋ mice revealed that the recombination only happened in the stomach. As indicated by LacZ staining, ROSA26;Atp4b-Cre double transgenic mice showed efficient expression of Cre recombinase within the gastric parietal cells. These results showed that this Atp4b-Cre mouse line could be used as a powerful tool to achieve conditional gene knockout in gastric parietal cells.
文摘The parietal component of pain occupies an important place in the management of postoperative analgesia. Parietal infiltration is a technique that fits into a concept of multimodal analgesia using several analgesic products simultaneously. This simple and reliable technique makes it possible to reduce the use of opioids and therefore their adverse effects;without increasing the risk of infection. It reduces the length of hospitalization.
文摘The present experiment employed the immunohistochemical technique and morphological observation to investigate the expression and distribution of C3, C4, IgG, IgE and 5-HT in portal hypertensive pigs with pathological change of gastric mucosa and gastric parietal vessels. The wall of gastric mucosal microvessels in portal hypertensive pigs had a positive or strong positive reaction of C3,C4, IgG, IgE and 5-HT with obvious injury of gastric mucosa normal pigs imparted negative or feeble positive reaction, suggesting that during portal hypertension, the gastric mucosal micr0-vessels has deposit of immunocomplexes resulting in the injury of the micro-vessels. It might be a factor inv01ved in the pathogenesis of the gastric mucosal lesion during portal hypertension with cirrhosis.
基金Supported by Terry Fox Fund for Cancer Research and UAE University
文摘The fact that the acidsecreting parietal cells undergo continuous renewal has been ignored by many gastroenterologists and cell biologists. In the past, it was thought that these cells were static. However, by using 3Hthymidine radioautography in combination with electron microscopy, it was possible to demonstrate that parietal cells belong to a continuously renewing epithelial cell lineage. In the gastric glands, stem cells anchored in the isthmus region are responsible for the production of parietal cells. The stem cells give rise to three main progenitors: prepit, preneck and preparietal cells. Parietal cells develop either directly from the noncycling preparietal cells or less commonly via differentiation of the cycling prepit and preneck cell progenitors. The formation of a parietal cell is a sequential process which involves diminishment of glycocalyx, production of cytoplasmic tubulovesicles, an increase in number and length of microvilli, an increase in number and size of mitochondria, and fi nally, expansion and invagination of the apical membrane with the formation of an intracellular canalicular system. Little is known about the genetic counterparts of these morphological events. However, the time dimension of parietal cell production and the consequences of its alteration on the biological features of the gastric gland are well documented. The production of a new parietal cell takes about 2 d. However, mature parietal cells have a long lifespan during which they migrate bidirectionally while their functional activity for acid secretion gradually diminishes. Following an average lifespan of about 54 d, in mice, old parietal cells undergo degeneration and elimination. Various approaches for genetic alteration of the development of parietal cells have provided evidence in support of their role as governors of the stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation programs. Revealing the dynamic features and the various roles of parietal cells would help in a better understanding of the biological fea
基金Supported in part by Public Health Service Grants R37-DK45729(JLM)Michigan Gastrointestinal Peptide Research Center Pilot Feasibility Grant P30-DK34933(YZ)National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Grant 350234(AS)
文摘AIM:To test the hypothesis that histamine 3 receptor (H3R)activation during Helicobacter infection inhibits gastric acid secretion in vivo and in vitro.METHODS:Helicobacter felis(H.felis)infected and uninfected C57Bl/6 mice were infused with either PBS or the H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide(THIO)for 12 wk.After treatment,mice were analyzed for morphological changes and gastric acid content.Total RNA was prepared from the stomachs of each group and analyzed for changes in somatostatin and gastrin mRNA abundance by real time-polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR).Location of H3 receptors in the stomach was analyzed by co-localization using antibodies specific for the H3 receptor and parietal cell marker H + ,K + -ATPase βsubunit. RESULTS:Inflammation and parietal cell atrophy was observed after 12 wk of H.felis infection.Interestingly, treatment with the H3R antagonist thioperamide(THIO) prior to and during infection prevented H.felis-induced inflammation and atrophy.Compared to the uninfected controls,infected mice also had significantly decreased gastric acid.After eradication of H.felis with THIO treatment,gastric acidity was restored.Compared to the control mice,somatostatin mRNA abundance was decreased while gastrin gene expression was elevated during infection.Despite elevated gastric acid levels, after eradication of H.felis with THIO,somatostatin mRNA was elevated whereas gastrin mRNA was suppressed.Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of H3 receptors on the parietal cells,somatostatin-secreting D-cells as well as the inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION:This study shows that during H.felis infection,gastric acidity is suppressed as a consequence of an inhibitory effect on the parietal cell by H3R activation.The stimulation of gastric mucosal H3Rs increases gastrin expression and release by inhibiting release of somatostatin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81774413 and 82074553)。
文摘Objective: To analyze the effects of twirling reinforcing and reducing manipulations on protein expression in parietal cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs), and elucidate the main mechanisms and differences between two manipulations in hypertension treatment.Methods: Rats were randomly divided into the control, model, twirling reinforcing manipulation(TRFM),and twirling reducing manipulation(TRDM) groups. The control and model groups received catch and fixation stimulations once a day for 14 days. The TRFM and TRDM groups were intervened once a day for 20 min for 14 days. On days 0, 2, 6, 10, and 14 after acupuncture, rat systolic blood pressures(SBPs) were measured. Differential protein(DP) expression in the rat parietal cortices was detected. Thereafter, GO functional significance and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed.Results: Compared with the model group, SBP of rats in the TRDM and TRFM groups decreased on days 6 and 10 of acupuncture, respectively(P=.009;P <.001). Moreover, SBP of the TRDM group was significantly lower than that of the TRFM group on days 10 and 14 of acupuncture(P=.015;P=.013).Compared with control group, 601 and 1040 DPs were up-and downregulated, respectively, in the model group. Compared with model group, 44 and 28 up-and downregulated DPs were expressed, respectively,in the TRFM group. Compared with model group, expression of 616 and 427 up-and downregulated DPs,respectively, was found in the TRDM group. After combining the results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, five and one pathways were found to be related to the central antihypertensive mechanism of the parietal cortex during twirling reducing and reinforcing manipulations, respectively.Conclusion: TRDM showed a more effective antihypertensive effect on SHRs than TRFM;this antihypertensive effect was related to the regulation of different proteins and their biological functions.
基金supported by the National Basic Research(973)Program(2015CB351702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571756,81270023,81278412,81171409,81000583,81471740,81220108014)+2 种基金Beijing Nova Program(XXJH2015B079 to Z.Y.)the Outstanding Young Investigator Award of Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(to Z.Y.)the Key Research Program and the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSZD-EW-TZ-002 to X.N.Z)
文摘Abstract A brain network consisting of two key parietal nodes, the precuneus and the posterior cingulate cortex, has emerged from recent fMRI studies. Though it is anatomically adjacent to and spatially overlaps with the default mode network （DMN）, its function has been associated with memory processing, and it has been referred to as the parietal memory network （PMN）. Independent component analysis （ICA） is the most common data-driven method used to extract PMN and DMN simultaneously. However, the effects of data preprocessing and parameter determi- nation in ICA on PMN-DMN segregation are completely unknown. Here, we employ three typical algorithms of group ICA to assess how spatial smoothing and model order influence the degree of PMN-DMN segregation. Our findings indicate that PMN and DMN can only be stably separated using a combination of low-level spatial smoothing and high model order across the three ICA algorithms. We thus argue for more considerations on parametric settings for interpreting DMN data.
文摘Brain signal analysis plays a significant role in attaining data related to motor activities.The parietal region of the brain plays a vital role in muscular movements.This approach aims to demonstrate a unique technique to identify an ideal region of the human brain that generates signals responsible for muscular movements;perform statistical analysis to provide an absolute characterization of the signal and validate the obtained results using a prototype arm.This can enhance the practical implementation of these frequency extractions for future neuro-prosthetic applications and the characterization of neurological diseases like Parkinson’s disease(PD).To play out this handling method,electroencepha-logram(EEG)signals are gained while the subject is performing different wrist and elbow movements.Then,the frontal brain signals and just the parietal signals are separated from the obtained EEG signal by utilizing a band pass filter.Then,feature extraction is carried out using Fast Fourier Transform(FFT).Subse-quently,the extraction process is done by Daubechies(db4)and Haar wavelet(db1)in MATLAB and classified using the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm.The results of the frequency changes that occurred during various wrist move-ments in the parietal region are compared with the frequency changes that occurred in frontal EEG signals.This proposed algorithm also uses the deep learn-ing pattern analysis network to evaluate the matching sequence for each action that takes place.Maximum accuracy of 97.2%and maximum error range of 0.6684%are achieved during the analysis.Results of this research confirm that the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm,along with the newly developed deep learn-ing hybrid PatternNet,provides a more accurate range of frequency changes than any other classifier used in previous works of literature.Based on the analysis,the peak-to-peak value is used to define the threshold for the prototype arm,which performs all the intended degrees of freedom(DOF),verifying the results.These results would aid the speci
文摘Objective: Evaluate pyeloplasty according to Küss-Anderson-Hynes at the urology-andrology department of the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital. Patient and Method: This is a 3-year prospective descriptive study from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. It focused on a sample of 21 patients, who had undergone pyeloplasty according to Küss-Anderson-Hynes. Results: The averages age of the patients was 24.24 years. Lumbar pain was the main reason for consultation in 71.43% of cases. pyeloplasty according to Küss-Anderson-Hynes alone was performed in 76.20% of cases. It was associated with lower pole vessel uncrossing in 14.29% of cases and in 9.52% of cases with pyelolithotomy. The main Postoperative complications consisted of surgical site infections (23.81%) and fistula of the pyelo-ureteral junction (9.52%). The result of the pyeloplasty evaluated after three years, was qualified as good in 13 patients (86.67%), conversely the result was declared bad in 2 patients or 13.33%. During the follow-up period, postoperatively, we had lost sight of 6 patients. Conclusion: Pyeloplasty according to Küss-Anderson-Hynes in addition to its excellent results reported by the literature was the only therapeutic alternative performed during this study. However, its indications are considerably reduced with the advancement of laparoscopy.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2017R1D1A1B03033985to MYL)+1 种基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2018R1A5A2025272to MYL)
文摘Mirror neuron system can be activated by observation and execution of an action.It has an important function of action understanding.We investigated brain activations in humans by observing the strength of a hand grasp using functional magnetic resonance imaging.Twenty right-handed healthy individuals,consisting of 10 males and 10 females,aged 22.40 ± 2.04 years,were recruited into this study from September to November 2017 via posters.Light hand grasp task video showed a hand lightly grasping and releasing a ball repeatedly.Powerful hand grasp task video showed a hand tightly grasping and releasing a ball repeatedly.Functional magnetic resonance imaging block design paradigm comprised five stimulation blocks alternating with five baseline blocks.Stimulation blocks were presented with two stimulus tasks,consisting of a light grasp and a powerful grasp.Region of interest was defined around the inferior parietal lobule,inferior frontal gyrus,and superior temporal sulcus which have been called mirror neuron system.The inferior parietal lobule,fusiform,postcentral,occipital,temporal,and frontal gyri were activated during light and powerful grasp tasks.The BOLD signal response of a powerful grasp was stronger than that of a light grasp.These results suggest that brain activation of the inferior parietal lobule,which is the core brain region of the mirror neuron system,was stronger in the powerful grasp task than in the light grasp task.We believe that our results might be helpful for instructing rehabilitation of brain injury.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Daegu Oriental Hospital of Daegu Haany University on September 8,2017 (approval No.DHUMC-D-17020-PRO-01).
基金Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Provincial Education Department for Higher Education Institutions, No.05L442
文摘BACKGROUND： cAMP-response element binding protein （CREB） is a key modulator of various signaling pathways. CREB activation initiates a series of intracellular signaling pathways that promote neuronal survival. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the regulatory effects of basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） on cerebral neuronal CREB expression following ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An immunohistochemical detection experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, between October 2006 and April 2008. MATERIALS： A total of 60 healthy, adult, Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham-operated （n =12）, ischemia/reperfusion （n = 24）, and bFGF-treated （n = 24）. Rabbit anti-rat CREB （1： 100） and biotin labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG were purchased from the Wuhan Boster Company, China. MetaMorph-evolution MP5.0-BX51 microscopy imaging system was provided by China Medical University, China. METHODS： Rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were developed using the suture method for right middle cerebral artery occlusion. Two-hour ischemia was followed by reperfusion. Rats from the bFGF-treated and ischemia/reperfusion groups were intraperitoneally administered endogenous bFGF （500 IU/mL, 2 000 IU/kg） or an equal amount of physiological saline. Rats from the sham-operated group underwent a similar surgical procedure, without induction of ischemia/reperfusion injury and drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： After 48-hour reperfusion, hippocampal and parietal cortical neuronal CREB expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the absorbance of hippocampal CREB-positive products was determined using MetaMorph-evolutionMP5.0-BX51 microscopy imaging system. RESULTS： The sham-operated group exhibited noticeable CREB expression in hippocampal and parietal cortical neurons. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, the CREB expression was discrete and neurons were poorly arranged. The bFGF-treated group exhi
文摘AIM:To explore the prevalence of autoimmune gastritis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients and the influence of α-interferon (IFN) treatment on autoimmune gastritis. METHODS:We performed a prospective study on 189 patients with positive anti-HCV and viral RNA enrolled in a 12-month IFN protocol.We evaluated:a) the baseline prevalence of autoimmune gastritis,b) the impact of IFN treatment on development of biochemical signs of autoimmune gastritis (at 3,6 and 12 months),c) the evolution after IFN withdrawal (12 months) in terms of anti-gastric-parietal-cell antibodies (APCA),gastrin,anti-thyroid,and anti-non-organ- specific antibodies. RESULTS:APCA positivity and 3-fold gastrin levels were detected in 3 (1.6%) and 9 (5%) patients,respectively,at baseline,in 25 (13%) and 31 (16%) patients at the end of treatment (both P<0.001,vs baseline),and in 7 (4%) and 14 (7%) patients 12 months after withdrawal (P=0.002 and P=0.01 respectively,vs baseline;P=not significant vs end of treatment).The development of autoimmune gastritis was strictly associated with the presence of autoimmune thyroiditis (P=0.0001),no relationship was found with other markers of autoimmunity. CONCLUSION:In HCV patients,IFN frequently precipitates latent autoimmune gastritis,particularly in females.Following our 12-month protocol,the phenomenon generally regressed.Since APCA positivity and high gastrin levels are associated with the presence of antithyroid antibodies, development of autoimmune thyroiditis during IFN treatment may provide a surrogate preliminary indicator of possible autoimmune gastritis to limit the need for invasive examinations.
文摘Three male patients were diagnosed with new cortical infarctions of the right parietal lobe on the basis of head magnetic resonance imaging; high-intensity signals indicating lesions in the right parietal lobe were noted on diffusion-weighted images at admission. Two of them presented with left hand weakness, and one exhibited left upper limb weakness. Treatment for improving blood supply to the brain was administered. One patient died suddenly because of ventricular fibrillation 3 days after admission. The other two patients had increased troponin levels and abnormal electrocardiograms, and were diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction half a month after admission. When lesions exist in field 7 of the parietal cortex （resulting in paralysis of the contralateral hand）, the sympathetic center of the posterior lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus demonstrates compensatory excitement, which easily causes tachyarrhythmia and sudden death. Our experimental findings indicate that close electrocardiograph monitoring and cerebral infarction treatment should be standard procedures to predict and help prevent heart disease in patients with cerebral infarction in the right parietal lobe and left upper limb weakness as the main complaint.
