Seasonal influenza is a highly contagious, acute respiratory illness that affects people of all ages. The major pathogens, influenza A viruses, are classified into serologically defined antigenic subtypes of the hemag...Seasonal influenza is a highly contagious, acute respiratory illness that affects people of all ages. The major pathogens, influenza A viruses, are classified into serologically defined antigenic subtypes of the hemagglutinin （HA） and neuraminidase （NA）. Of 16 identified HA and 9 NA subtypes, only H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes are now circulating among humans. Influenza vaccines have been available for over 60 years and well proven to be an effective public health intervention to control seasonal influenza epidemics. Seasonal influenza vaccines presently available, inactivated or split, contain the circulating strains of influenza A virus H3N2, H1N1 and influenza B virus. The composition of the vaccine is renewed semi-annually, as necessary, based on surveillance data.展开更多
Prophylactic DNA vaccines against the influenza virus are promising alternatives to conventional vaccines. In this study, we generated two candidate gene-based influenza vaccines encoding either the seasonal or pandem...Prophylactic DNA vaccines against the influenza virus are promising alternatives to conventional vaccines. In this study, we generated two candidate gene-based influenza vaccines encoding either the seasonal or pandemic hemagglutinin antigen （HA） from the strains A/New Caledonia/20/99 （HIN1） （pV1AS） and A/Califorrtia/04/2009 （H1N1） （pVEH1）, respectively. After verifying antigen expression, the immunogenicity of the vaccines delivered intramuscularly with electroporation was tested in a mouse model. Sera of immunized animals were tested in hemagglutination inhibition assays and by ELISA for the presence of HA-specific antibodies. HA-specific T-cells were also measured in IFN-γ ELISpot assays. The protective efficacy of the candidate influenza vaccines was evaluated by measuring mortality rates and body weight after a challenge with 100 LD50 of mouse-adapted A/New Caledonia/20/99 （H1N1）. Mice immunized with either one of the two vaccines showed significantly higher T cell and humoral immune responses （P〈0.05） than the pVAX1 control group. Additionally, the pV1A5 vaccine effec- tively protected the mice against a lethal homologous mouse-adapted virus challenge with a survival rate of 100% compared with a 40% survival rate in the pVEH1 vaccinated group （P〈0.05）. Our study indicates that the seasonal influenza DNA vac- cine completely protects against the homologous A/New Caledonia/20/99 virus （H1N1）, while the pandemic influenza DNA vaccine only partially protects against this virus.展开更多
Influenza virus infection, one of the most common infectious diseases is a highly contagious airborne disease that causes an acute febrile illness and results invariable degrees of systemic symptoms, ranging from mild...Influenza virus infection, one of the most common infectious diseases is a highly contagious airborne disease that causes an acute febrile illness and results invariable degrees of systemic symptoms, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. In addition to humans, influenza also infects a variety of animal species. Influenza A viruses also can infect domestic animals (pigs, horses, dogs, chickens and ducks) and some wild birds. Some of these influenza strains are species specific, but new strains of influenza may spread from other animal species to humans. These deadly strains produced 3 global pandemics in the last century, the worst of which occurred in 1918. Three pandemics of influenza have swept the world since the “Spanish” flu of 1918, the “Asian” flu pandemic of 1957, the “Hong Kong” flu pandemic of 1968, the “Swine” flu pandemic that began in April of 2009. The pandemic of 1957 probably made more people sick than the one of 1918, but the availability of antibiotics to treat the secondary infections that are the usual cause of death resulted in a much lower death rate. An influenza pandemic occurs only when the influenza virus mutates into something dangerously unfamiliar to our immune systems and yet is able to jump from human to human through a sneeze, cough or touch. Asia is the source of many outbreaks because swines, birds and humans live under the same roof, providing opportunity for viral mixing. The best way to prevent the sickness is to get yearly injections of a vaccine that prevents influenza.展开更多
Objective To prepare the 4 candidate vaccine strains of H5N1 avian influenza virus isolated in China Methods Recombinant viruses were rescued using reverse genetics. Neuraminidase （NA） and hemagglutinin （HA） segme...Objective To prepare the 4 candidate vaccine strains of H5N1 avian influenza virus isolated in China Methods Recombinant viruses were rescued using reverse genetics. Neuraminidase （NA） and hemagglutinin （HA） segments of the A/Xinjiang/1/2006, A/Guangxi/1/2009, A/Hubei/1/2010, and A/Guangdong/1/2011 viruses were amplified by RT-PCR. Multibasic amino acid cleavage site of HA was removed and ligated into the pCIpoll vector for virus rescue. The recombinant viruses were evaluated by trypsin dependent assays. Their embnjonate survival and antigenicity were compared with those of the respective wild-type viruses. Results The 4 recombinant viruses showed similar antigenicity compared with wild-type viruses, chicken embryo survival and trypsin-dependent characteristics. Conclusion The 4 recombinant viruses rescued using reverse genetics meet the criteria for classification of low pathogenic avian influenza strains, thus supporting the use of them for the development of seeds and production of pre-pandemic vaccines.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the severe cases of COVID-19 in Brazil in 2020 and compare those vaccinated and unvaccinated against influenza in invasive ventilation, admission in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and deaths. Method: ...Objective: To analyze the severe cases of COVID-19 in Brazil in 2020 and compare those vaccinated and unvaccinated against influenza in invasive ventilation, admission in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and deaths. Method: Cross-sectional study with public data from the OpenDataSUS platform, regarding confirmed severe cases for COVID-19 in Brazil in the year 2020. Data were analyzed by SPSS, from the chi-square test of independence and binary logistic regression. Results: The population was 472,688 cases and 177,640 deaths, with a lethality of 37.58% in severe cases. The test of independence was highly significant in vaccinated survivors (<0.0001), and regression showed an almost twofold odds ratio for invasive ventilation, ICU admission, and death in unvaccinated cases. Conclusion: We recommend mass influenza vaccination as an adjuvant in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.展开更多
目的分析全国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)乙型肝炎疫苗(Hepatitis B Vaccines,HepB)疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价HepB预防接种的安全性。方法通过中国免疫规划...目的分析全国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)乙型肝炎疫苗(Hepatitis B Vaccines,HepB)疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价HepB预防接种的安全性。方法通过中国免疫规划监测信息管理系统和全国AEFI监测信息管理系统,收集全国截至2010年4月28日报告的2005～2009年HepB AEFI个案数据,采用描述性方法对相关指标进行流行病学分析。结果全国2005～2009年共报告HepB AEFI 2836例,报告发生率为16.17/100万;男女性别比为1.27:1,<1岁婴儿占78.81%。HepB不良反应中,一般反应报告发生率为12.01/100万,异常反应报告发生率为2.89/100万;主要临床损害为中度发热[腋温(下同)37.6～38.5℃,4.38/100万]、重度发热(≥38.6℃,2.83/100万)、过敏性皮疹(1.76/100万)、无菌性脓肿(0.43/100万)。HepB不良反应主要集中在第3剂次和接种后≤1d。部分批号HepB AEFI存在聚集性,以发热和过敏性皮疹为主。结论 HepB具有较好的安全性,不良反应和聚集性反应以发热和过敏反应为主;需进一步加强HepB AEFI监测。展开更多
文摘Seasonal influenza is a highly contagious, acute respiratory illness that affects people of all ages. The major pathogens, influenza A viruses, are classified into serologically defined antigenic subtypes of the hemagglutinin （HA） and neuraminidase （NA）. Of 16 identified HA and 9 NA subtypes, only H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes are now circulating among humans. Influenza vaccines have been available for over 60 years and well proven to be an effective public health intervention to control seasonal influenza epidemics. Seasonal influenza vaccines presently available, inactivated or split, contain the circulating strains of influenza A virus H3N2, H1N1 and influenza B virus. The composition of the vaccine is renewed semi-annually, as necessary, based on surveillance data.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2006AA10A205)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program(Grant No. 2006BAD06A05)the National Key Program for Infectious Diseases of China(Grant No.2009ZX10004-103)
文摘Prophylactic DNA vaccines against the influenza virus are promising alternatives to conventional vaccines. In this study, we generated two candidate gene-based influenza vaccines encoding either the seasonal or pandemic hemagglutinin antigen （HA） from the strains A/New Caledonia/20/99 （HIN1） （pV1AS） and A/Califorrtia/04/2009 （H1N1） （pVEH1）, respectively. After verifying antigen expression, the immunogenicity of the vaccines delivered intramuscularly with electroporation was tested in a mouse model. Sera of immunized animals were tested in hemagglutination inhibition assays and by ELISA for the presence of HA-specific antibodies. HA-specific T-cells were also measured in IFN-γ ELISpot assays. The protective efficacy of the candidate influenza vaccines was evaluated by measuring mortality rates and body weight after a challenge with 100 LD50 of mouse-adapted A/New Caledonia/20/99 （H1N1）. Mice immunized with either one of the two vaccines showed significantly higher T cell and humoral immune responses （P〈0.05） than the pVAX1 control group. Additionally, the pV1A5 vaccine effec- tively protected the mice against a lethal homologous mouse-adapted virus challenge with a survival rate of 100% compared with a 40% survival rate in the pVEH1 vaccinated group （P〈0.05）. Our study indicates that the seasonal influenza DNA vac- cine completely protects against the homologous A/New Caledonia/20/99 virus （H1N1）, while the pandemic influenza DNA vaccine only partially protects against this virus.
文摘Influenza virus infection, one of the most common infectious diseases is a highly contagious airborne disease that causes an acute febrile illness and results invariable degrees of systemic symptoms, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. In addition to humans, influenza also infects a variety of animal species. Influenza A viruses also can infect domestic animals (pigs, horses, dogs, chickens and ducks) and some wild birds. Some of these influenza strains are species specific, but new strains of influenza may spread from other animal species to humans. These deadly strains produced 3 global pandemics in the last century, the worst of which occurred in 1918. Three pandemics of influenza have swept the world since the “Spanish” flu of 1918, the “Asian” flu pandemic of 1957, the “Hong Kong” flu pandemic of 1968, the “Swine” flu pandemic that began in April of 2009. The pandemic of 1957 probably made more people sick than the one of 1918, but the availability of antibiotics to treat the secondary infections that are the usual cause of death resulted in a much lower death rate. An influenza pandemic occurs only when the influenza virus mutates into something dangerously unfamiliar to our immune systems and yet is able to jump from human to human through a sneeze, cough or touch. Asia is the source of many outbreaks because swines, birds and humans live under the same roof, providing opportunity for viral mixing. The best way to prevent the sickness is to get yearly injections of a vaccine that prevents influenza.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)SQ2009AA02XK1487370
文摘Objective To prepare the 4 candidate vaccine strains of H5N1 avian influenza virus isolated in China Methods Recombinant viruses were rescued using reverse genetics. Neuraminidase （NA） and hemagglutinin （HA） segments of the A/Xinjiang/1/2006, A/Guangxi/1/2009, A/Hubei/1/2010, and A/Guangdong/1/2011 viruses were amplified by RT-PCR. Multibasic amino acid cleavage site of HA was removed and ligated into the pCIpoll vector for virus rescue. The recombinant viruses were evaluated by trypsin dependent assays. Their embnjonate survival and antigenicity were compared with those of the respective wild-type viruses. Results The 4 recombinant viruses showed similar antigenicity compared with wild-type viruses, chicken embryo survival and trypsin-dependent characteristics. Conclusion The 4 recombinant viruses rescued using reverse genetics meet the criteria for classification of low pathogenic avian influenza strains, thus supporting the use of them for the development of seeds and production of pre-pandemic vaccines.
文摘Objective: To analyze the severe cases of COVID-19 in Brazil in 2020 and compare those vaccinated and unvaccinated against influenza in invasive ventilation, admission in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and deaths. Method: Cross-sectional study with public data from the OpenDataSUS platform, regarding confirmed severe cases for COVID-19 in Brazil in the year 2020. Data were analyzed by SPSS, from the chi-square test of independence and binary logistic regression. Results: The population was 472,688 cases and 177,640 deaths, with a lethality of 37.58% in severe cases. The test of independence was highly significant in vaccinated survivors (<0.0001), and regression showed an almost twofold odds ratio for invasive ventilation, ICU admission, and death in unvaccinated cases. Conclusion: We recommend mass influenza vaccination as an adjuvant in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.
