American Foulbrood (AFB) is currently one of the most dangerous diseases in honeybees due to its high virulence and worldwide spread. Quick evaluation of the diagnosis of this disease is crucial. Successful eradicatio...American Foulbrood (AFB) is currently one of the most dangerous diseases in honeybees due to its high virulence and worldwide spread. Quick evaluation of the diagnosis of this disease is crucial. Successful eradication in the area indicates a need to test all bee colonies, but this is expensive and time consuming. A new method of detecting Paenibacillus larvae using the RIDA?COUNT test (R-Biopharm AG, Germany) was verified in the present study. The test is based on the principle of the cultivation test with MYPGPn medium, coloration of the bacteria with TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetra-zoliumchloride) chromophore, and heat treatment of the sample. Using this new method, color-highlighted colonies of P. larvae can be established on the seventh day after inoculating the spores. An identical number of colonies grown with the classic cultivation test on Petri dishes containing MYPGPn medium or RIDA?COUNT-P. larvae (RC-PL) sheets were verified.展开更多
American foulbrood (AFB) disease is caused by Paenibacillus larvae. Currently, this pathogen is widespread in the European honey bee— Apis mellifera. However, little is known about infectivity and pathogenicity of P....American foulbrood (AFB) disease is caused by Paenibacillus larvae. Currently, this pathogen is widespread in the European honey bee— Apis mellifera. However, little is known about infectivity and pathogenicity of P. lan'ae in the Asiatic cavity-nesting honey bees, Apis cerana. Moreover, comparative knowledge of P. larvae infectivity and pathogenicity between both honey bee species is scarce. In this study, we examined susceptibility, larval mortality, survival rate and expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including defensin, apidaecin, abaecin, and hymenoptaecin in A. mellifera and A. cerana when infected with P. larvae. Our results showed similar effects of P. larvae on the survival rate and patterns of AMP gene expression in both honey bee species when bee larvae are infected with spores at the median lethal concentration (LC5 0 ) for A. mellifera. All AMPs of infected bee larvae showed significant upregulation compared with noninfected bee larvae in both honey bee species. However, larvae of A. cerana were more susceptible than A. mellifera when the same larval ages and spore concentration of P. larvae were used. It also appears that A. cerana showed higher levels of AMP expression than A. mellifera. This research provides the first evidence of survival rate, LC50 and immune response profiles of Asian honey bees, A. cerana, when infected by P. larvae in comparison with the European honey bee, A. mellifera.展开更多
文摘American Foulbrood (AFB) is currently one of the most dangerous diseases in honeybees due to its high virulence and worldwide spread. Quick evaluation of the diagnosis of this disease is crucial. Successful eradication in the area indicates a need to test all bee colonies, but this is expensive and time consuming. A new method of detecting Paenibacillus larvae using the RIDA?COUNT test (R-Biopharm AG, Germany) was verified in the present study. The test is based on the principle of the cultivation test with MYPGPn medium, coloration of the bacteria with TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetra-zoliumchloride) chromophore, and heat treatment of the sample. Using this new method, color-highlighted colonies of P. larvae can be established on the seventh day after inoculating the spores. An identical number of colonies grown with the classic cultivation test on Petri dishes containing MYPGPn medium or RIDA?COUNT-P. larvae (RC-PL) sheets were verified.
文摘American foulbrood (AFB) disease is caused by Paenibacillus larvae. Currently, this pathogen is widespread in the European honey bee— Apis mellifera. However, little is known about infectivity and pathogenicity of P. lan'ae in the Asiatic cavity-nesting honey bees, Apis cerana. Moreover, comparative knowledge of P. larvae infectivity and pathogenicity between both honey bee species is scarce. In this study, we examined susceptibility, larval mortality, survival rate and expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including defensin, apidaecin, abaecin, and hymenoptaecin in A. mellifera and A. cerana when infected with P. larvae. Our results showed similar effects of P. larvae on the survival rate and patterns of AMP gene expression in both honey bee species when bee larvae are infected with spores at the median lethal concentration (LC5 0 ) for A. mellifera. All AMPs of infected bee larvae showed significant upregulation compared with noninfected bee larvae in both honey bee species. However, larvae of A. cerana were more susceptible than A. mellifera when the same larval ages and spore concentration of P. larvae were used. It also appears that A. cerana showed higher levels of AMP expression than A. mellifera. This research provides the first evidence of survival rate, LC50 and immune response profiles of Asian honey bees, A. cerana, when infected by P. larvae in comparison with the European honey bee, A. mellifera.
