PWC是英语身体工作能力（Physical Working Capacily）缩写。 PWC170试验,是把身体定量负荷时的心率定为170（次/分）时,求身体在单位时间内做了多少功或完成的功率是多少。PWC170值是评定身体工作能力的重要指标之一。它对评定运动员,...PWC是英语身体工作能力（Physical Working Capacily）缩写。 PWC170试验,是把身体定量负荷时的心率定为170（次/分）时,求身体在单位时间内做了多少功或完成的功率是多少。PWC170值是评定身体工作能力的重要指标之一。它对评定运动员,特别是耐力项目运动员的身体工作能力,具有重要意义。PWC170值越大,身体工作能力也就越大。目前,这种方法国内外应用得比较普遍。评定身体工作能力,有的用最大吸氧量作为指标,即用氧工作能力的大小作为标准;有的用定量负荷下的心率变化程度来评定,一般认为,展开更多
PWC是Physical Work Capacity的缩写,表示身体做功的能力。PWC<sub>170</sub>系指运动中心率达到每分种170次的稳定状态下,测定单位时间身体所做的功,根据功率大小评定身体机能能力。最大吸氧量是人体在单位时间内利用的最...PWC是Physical Work Capacity的缩写,表示身体做功的能力。PWC<sub>170</sub>系指运动中心率达到每分种170次的稳定状态下,测定单位时间身体所做的功,根据功率大小评定身体机能能力。最大吸氧量是人体在单位时间内利用的最大吸氧量,它显示人体最大有氧能力,是评价心肺系统机能水平的重要指标。最大吸氧量可以通过PWC<sub>170</sub>的数值进行估测。展开更多
GPUs are widely used in modem high-performance computing systems.To reduce the burden of GPU programmers,operating system and GPU hardware provide great supports for shared virtual memory,which enables GPU and CPU to ...GPUs are widely used in modem high-performance computing systems.To reduce the burden of GPU programmers,operating system and GPU hardware provide great supports for shared virtual memory,which enables GPU and CPU to share the same virtual address space.Unfortunately,the current SIMT execution model of GPU brings great challenges for the virtual-physical address translation on the GPU side,mainly due to the huge number of virtual addresses which are generated simultaneously and the bad locality of these virtual addresses.Thus,the excessive TLB accesses increase the miss ratio of TLB.As an attractive solution,Page Walk Cache(PWC)has received wide attention for its capability of reducing the memory accesses caused by TLB misses.However,the current PWC mechanism suffers from heavy redundancies,which significantly limits its efficiency.In this paper,we first investigate the facts leading to this issue by evaluating the performance of PWC with typical GPU benchmarks.We find that the repeated L4 and L3 indices of virtual addresses increase the redundancies in PWC,and the low locality of L2 indices causes the low hit ratio in PWC.Based on these observations,we propose a new PWC structure,namely Compressed Page Walk Cache(CPWC),to resolve the redundancy burden in current PWC.Our CPWC can be organized in either direct-mapped mode or set-associated mode.Experimental results show that CPWC increases by 3 times over TPC in the number of page table entries,increases by 38.3%over PWC in L2 index hit ratio and reduces by 26.9%in the memory accesses of page tables.The average memory accesses caused by each TLB miss is reduced to 1.13.Overall,the average IPC can improve by 25.3%.展开更多
THE UK CAPITAL London,Europe’s‘technology capital’,becomes a nucleus of digital innovation as London Tech Week enters its fifth edition,11-17 June.Co-founded by promotional agency London&Partners in 2014,LTW is...THE UK CAPITAL London,Europe’s‘technology capital’,becomes a nucleus of digital innovation as London Tech Week enters its fifth edition,11-17 June.Co-founded by promotional agency London&Partners in 2014,LTW is London’s largest crowd-sourced festival of tech featuring live events across the city,covering topics like fintech,creative and enterprise tech and IoT.Proceeds from global tech IPOs amounted to US$25.1bn in 2017,with 168%growth from 2016(PwC,Global Technology IPO Review).The present-day digital dialogue is anchored in transformation and grow th;and,as our event tech section reveals,advancements in technology open the door for change and curiosity...London Tech Week 2017 saw 48,170 attendees from 93 countries visit 219 events at 212 venues.Zoe Osmond,festival director,shares key insights ahead of this year’s festival:“With over 300 events,and over 50,000 attendees[from 90+countries]across the iconic landscape of London,London Tech Week celebrates the companies and people driving innovation in the digital economy to shape the future of businesses,lives and society the world over.”Speaking at the London Tech Week official launch 2017,mayor of London,Sadiq Khan said the capital was:“Open to global talent,open to global partnerships and open for global business.”The 2018 edition will ho st again Tech XLR8 as its anchor event,gathering the entire tech eco system under one roof to showcase the latest emerging tech to drive innovation,business growth and inspire the next generation of tech talent.展开更多
文摘PWC是英语身体工作能力（Physical Working Capacily）缩写。 PWC170试验,是把身体定量负荷时的心率定为170（次/分）时,求身体在单位时间内做了多少功或完成的功率是多少。PWC170值是评定身体工作能力的重要指标之一。它对评定运动员,特别是耐力项目运动员的身体工作能力,具有重要意义。PWC170值越大,身体工作能力也就越大。目前,这种方法国内外应用得比较普遍。评定身体工作能力,有的用最大吸氧量作为指标,即用氧工作能力的大小作为标准;有的用定量负荷下的心率变化程度来评定,一般认为,
文摘PWC是Physical Work Capacity的缩写,表示身体做功的能力。PWC<sub>170</sub>系指运动中心率达到每分种170次的稳定状态下,测定单位时间身体所做的功,根据功率大小评定身体机能能力。最大吸氧量是人体在单位时间内利用的最大吸氧量,它显示人体最大有氧能力,是评价心肺系统机能水平的重要指标。最大吸氧量可以通过PWC<sub>170</sub>的数值进行估测。
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(Grant No.61972407).
文摘GPUs are widely used in modem high-performance computing systems.To reduce the burden of GPU programmers,operating system and GPU hardware provide great supports for shared virtual memory,which enables GPU and CPU to share the same virtual address space.Unfortunately,the current SIMT execution model of GPU brings great challenges for the virtual-physical address translation on the GPU side,mainly due to the huge number of virtual addresses which are generated simultaneously and the bad locality of these virtual addresses.Thus,the excessive TLB accesses increase the miss ratio of TLB.As an attractive solution,Page Walk Cache(PWC)has received wide attention for its capability of reducing the memory accesses caused by TLB misses.However,the current PWC mechanism suffers from heavy redundancies,which significantly limits its efficiency.In this paper,we first investigate the facts leading to this issue by evaluating the performance of PWC with typical GPU benchmarks.We find that the repeated L4 and L3 indices of virtual addresses increase the redundancies in PWC,and the low locality of L2 indices causes the low hit ratio in PWC.Based on these observations,we propose a new PWC structure,namely Compressed Page Walk Cache(CPWC),to resolve the redundancy burden in current PWC.Our CPWC can be organized in either direct-mapped mode or set-associated mode.Experimental results show that CPWC increases by 3 times over TPC in the number of page table entries,increases by 38.3%over PWC in L2 index hit ratio and reduces by 26.9%in the memory accesses of page tables.The average memory accesses caused by each TLB miss is reduced to 1.13.Overall,the average IPC can improve by 25.3%.
文摘THE UK CAPITAL London,Europe’s‘technology capital’,becomes a nucleus of digital innovation as London Tech Week enters its fifth edition,11-17 June.Co-founded by promotional agency London&Partners in 2014,LTW is London’s largest crowd-sourced festival of tech featuring live events across the city,covering topics like fintech,creative and enterprise tech and IoT.Proceeds from global tech IPOs amounted to US$25.1bn in 2017,with 168%growth from 2016(PwC,Global Technology IPO Review).The present-day digital dialogue is anchored in transformation and grow th;and,as our event tech section reveals,advancements in technology open the door for change and curiosity...London Tech Week 2017 saw 48,170 attendees from 93 countries visit 219 events at 212 venues.Zoe Osmond,festival director,shares key insights ahead of this year’s festival:“With over 300 events,and over 50,000 attendees[from 90+countries]across the iconic landscape of London,London Tech Week celebrates the companies and people driving innovation in the digital economy to shape the future of businesses,lives and society the world over.”Speaking at the London Tech Week official launch 2017,mayor of London,Sadiq Khan said the capital was:“Open to global talent,open to global partnerships and open for global business.”The 2018 edition will ho st again Tech XLR8 as its anchor event,gathering the entire tech eco system under one roof to showcase the latest emerging tech to drive innovation,business growth and inspire the next generation of tech talent.
