辣椒属植物如辣椒不仅具有独特的辣味,其组分如辣椒素类物质还具有诸多药理作用。为了更直观地把握辣味科学研究领域的现状和主要学术脉络,本文以Web of Science核心数据库中共13389篇文献作为数据源,从辣味科学研究文献数量、国家/期刊...辣椒属植物如辣椒不仅具有独特的辣味,其组分如辣椒素类物质还具有诸多药理作用。为了更直观地把握辣味科学研究领域的现状和主要学术脉络,本文以Web of Science核心数据库中共13389篇文献作为数据源,从辣味科学研究文献数量、国家/期刊/学术机构/作者的影响力和研究热点等角度出发,借助文献计量学方法,运用VOSviewer软件、CiteSpace软件、MATLAB软件和Origin软件等统计分析工具,对2010—2020年期间全球辣味科学研究进行分析。结果表明,辣味科学研究不仅涉及食品科学和药理学等传统领域,还涉及植物科学、神经科学、毒理学和生物化学与分子生物学等众多领域,其中生物化学与分子生物学、药理学和神经科学是近10年的研究热点。美国在辣味科学研究领域的发文总量最多,中国和日本等国家紧随其后。中国年发文量增速较快,发文TOP20作者占比和论文整体的H指数均较大,而篇均引用次数低于美国和德国等国家。不同国家学术机构或作者间的合作已成为一种常态,主要涉及上述热点领域。本文通过关键词突跃分析,明确突跃强度最强、持续突跃时间最长和近年来的主要突跃关键词。分析结果对食品科学、化学、药理学和分子生物学等领域的学者整体把握辣味科学研究方向、发展趋势和热点具有重要的指导意义,也为辣味产业的决策提供理论依据。展开更多
Ten capsaicin analogues were synthesized and their pungency degrees were determined through Scoville Organoleptic Test. The relationship between the structure and pungency degree of these capsaicin analogues was discu...Ten capsaicin analogues were synthesized and their pungency degrees were determined through Scoville Organoleptic Test. The relationship between the structure and pungency degree of these capsaicin analogues was discussed. Then four of these capsaicin analogues with higher pungency degree were picked out and added to anti-biofouling paints as repellents to study their anti-biofouling performance by shallow sea buoyant raft hung-plate experimentation. The results showed that capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin exhibited equally good anti-biofouling performance while nordihydrocapsaicin and N-vanillylnonanamide had poor anti-biofouling performance. Experimental results also showed that the paints with only 0.1% capsaicin or dihydrocapsaicin as repellent without any other biocides had also exhibited good anti-biofouling performance, which provided a new idea for developing novel, more environment-friendly and Cu20-free antifouling paints.展开更多
An attempt was made in an effort to synthesize a series of capsaicinoids, most of which are synthesized in our laboratory and characterized to be completely new members of capsaicinoids. The Structure-pungency depende...An attempt was made in an effort to synthesize a series of capsaicinoids, most of which are synthesized in our laboratory and characterized to be completely new members of capsaicinoids. The Structure-pungency dependence are presented and discussed.展开更多
The participation of O-methyltransferase (COMT) in phenylpropanoid-mediated capsaicinoid biosynthesis has long been proposed. Ferulic acid, a phenylpropanoid intermediate, is a precursor of capsaicinoid biosynthesis a...The participation of O-methyltransferase (COMT) in phenylpropanoid-mediated capsaicinoid biosynthesis has long been proposed. Ferulic acid, a phenylpropanoid intermediate, is a precursor of capsaicinoid biosynthesis and is produced from caffeic acid by the action of COMT. As previously reported that silencing Comt expression caused a drastic decrease in capsaicinoid accumulation, it was presumed that a Comt loss-of-function mutation would cause loss of pungency in Capsicum. This hypothesis was tested by cloning Comt1 and Comt2 from the placenta tissue of the pungent cultivar Habanero. The phylogenetic analysis and comparison of critical amino-acid residues for enzyme function showed that the two COMTs had high similarity with the COMTs of other plant species. Moreover, as the two Comts were both expressed in placenta tissue and expressed prior to the accumulation of capsaicinoids, the two genes could be candidates for capsaicinoid biosynthesis. Second, Comt1 loss-of-function mutants were screened from the germplasm. A truncated Comt1 transcript was expressed in non-pungent pepper No.3341 caused by deletion of the genomic region. The predicted No.3341 COMT1 lacked His-265, which was absolutely necessary for enzymatic activity. Contrary to our expectations, the Comt1 mutation was not related to non-pungency of No.3341, as the deletion of Comt1 did not co-segregate with non-pungency in the F2 population obtained from crossing No.3341 with Habanero. This result was confirmed by screening several pungent accessions harboring the same Comt1 deletion mutation. Although the participation of COMT in phenylpropanoid-mediated capsaicinoid biosynthesis has long been proposed, our present study shows that Comt1 can not be a target for controlling fruit pungency.展开更多
文摘辣椒属植物如辣椒不仅具有独特的辣味,其组分如辣椒素类物质还具有诸多药理作用。为了更直观地把握辣味科学研究领域的现状和主要学术脉络,本文以Web of Science核心数据库中共13389篇文献作为数据源,从辣味科学研究文献数量、国家/期刊/学术机构/作者的影响力和研究热点等角度出发,借助文献计量学方法,运用VOSviewer软件、CiteSpace软件、MATLAB软件和Origin软件等统计分析工具,对2010—2020年期间全球辣味科学研究进行分析。结果表明,辣味科学研究不仅涉及食品科学和药理学等传统领域,还涉及植物科学、神经科学、毒理学和生物化学与分子生物学等众多领域,其中生物化学与分子生物学、药理学和神经科学是近10年的研究热点。美国在辣味科学研究领域的发文总量最多,中国和日本等国家紧随其后。中国年发文量增速较快,发文TOP20作者占比和论文整体的H指数均较大,而篇均引用次数低于美国和德国等国家。不同国家学术机构或作者间的合作已成为一种常态,主要涉及上述热点领域。本文通过关键词突跃分析,明确突跃强度最强、持续突跃时间最长和近年来的主要突跃关键词。分析结果对食品科学、化学、药理学和分子生物学等领域的学者整体把握辣味科学研究方向、发展趋势和热点具有重要的指导意义,也为辣味产业的决策提供理论依据。
基金supported by the National HighTechnology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program 2010AA065104)
文摘Ten capsaicin analogues were synthesized and their pungency degrees were determined through Scoville Organoleptic Test. The relationship between the structure and pungency degree of these capsaicin analogues was discussed. Then four of these capsaicin analogues with higher pungency degree were picked out and added to anti-biofouling paints as repellents to study their anti-biofouling performance by shallow sea buoyant raft hung-plate experimentation. The results showed that capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin exhibited equally good anti-biofouling performance while nordihydrocapsaicin and N-vanillylnonanamide had poor anti-biofouling performance. Experimental results also showed that the paints with only 0.1% capsaicin or dihydrocapsaicin as repellent without any other biocides had also exhibited good anti-biofouling performance, which provided a new idea for developing novel, more environment-friendly and Cu20-free antifouling paints.
文摘An attempt was made in an effort to synthesize a series of capsaicinoids, most of which are synthesized in our laboratory and characterized to be completely new members of capsaicinoids. The Structure-pungency dependence are presented and discussed.
文摘The participation of O-methyltransferase (COMT) in phenylpropanoid-mediated capsaicinoid biosynthesis has long been proposed. Ferulic acid, a phenylpropanoid intermediate, is a precursor of capsaicinoid biosynthesis and is produced from caffeic acid by the action of COMT. As previously reported that silencing Comt expression caused a drastic decrease in capsaicinoid accumulation, it was presumed that a Comt loss-of-function mutation would cause loss of pungency in Capsicum. This hypothesis was tested by cloning Comt1 and Comt2 from the placenta tissue of the pungent cultivar Habanero. The phylogenetic analysis and comparison of critical amino-acid residues for enzyme function showed that the two COMTs had high similarity with the COMTs of other plant species. Moreover, as the two Comts were both expressed in placenta tissue and expressed prior to the accumulation of capsaicinoids, the two genes could be candidates for capsaicinoid biosynthesis. Second, Comt1 loss-of-function mutants were screened from the germplasm. A truncated Comt1 transcript was expressed in non-pungent pepper No.3341 caused by deletion of the genomic region. The predicted No.3341 COMT1 lacked His-265, which was absolutely necessary for enzymatic activity. Contrary to our expectations, the Comt1 mutation was not related to non-pungency of No.3341, as the deletion of Comt1 did not co-segregate with non-pungency in the F2 population obtained from crossing No.3341 with Habanero. This result was confirmed by screening several pungent accessions harboring the same Comt1 deletion mutation. Although the participation of COMT in phenylpropanoid-mediated capsaicinoid biosynthesis has long been proposed, our present study shows that Comt1 can not be a target for controlling fruit pungency.
