African swine fever(ASF)is a devastating infectious disease in swine that is severely threatening the global pig industry.An efficacious vaccine is urgently required.Here,we used the Chinese ASFV HLJ/18 as a backbone ...African swine fever(ASF)is a devastating infectious disease in swine that is severely threatening the global pig industry.An efficacious vaccine is urgently required.Here,we used the Chinese ASFV HLJ/18 as a backbone and generated a series of genedeleted viruses.The virulence,immunogenicity,safety,and protective efficacy evaluation in specific-pathogen-free pigs,commercial pigs,and pregnant sows indicated that one virus,namely HLJ/18-7GD,which has seven genes deleted,is fully attenuated in pigs,cannot convert to the virulent strain,and provides complete protection of pigs against lethal ASFV challenge.Our study shows that HLJ/-18-7GD is a safe and effective vaccine against ASFV,and as such is expected to play an important role in controlling the spread of ASFV.展开更多
Background Edaravone Dexborneol is a novel neuroprotective agent that comprised edaravone and(+)-borneol,a food additive with an anti-inflammatory effect in animal ischaemic stroke models.This study aims to assess the...Background Edaravone Dexborneol is a novel neuroprotective agent that comprised edaravone and(+)-borneol,a food additive with an anti-inflammatory effect in animal ischaemic stroke models.This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of Edaravone Dexborneol compared with edaravone in treating patients with acute ischaemic stroke(AIS).Methods In this multicentre,randomised,double-blind,multiple-dose,active-controlled,phaseⅡclinical trial,patients with AIS within 48 hours after stroke onset were randomly assigned(1:1:1:1)to low-dose(12.5 mg),medium-dose(37.5 mg)or high-dose(62.5 mg)Edaravone Dexborneol groups,and an active control group with edaravone(30 mg)by 30 min intravenous infusion every 12 hours,for 14 consecutive days.The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score≤1 at 90 days and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score change from baseline to 14 days after randomisation.The safety outcome included any adverse event during 90 days after treatment.Results Of 385 patients included in the efficacy analysis,94 were randomised to low-dose group,97 to medium-dose group,98 to high-dose group and 96 to the control group.No significant difference was observed among the four groups on mRS score(mRS≤1,p=0.4054)at 90 days or NIHSS score change at 14 days(p=0.6799).However,a numerically higher percentage of patients with mRSscore≤1 at 90 days in the medium-dose(69.39%)and high-dose(65.63%)groups was observed than in the control group(60.64%).No significant difference in severe adverse events was found among the four groups(p=0.3815).Conclusions Compared with edaravone alone,Edaravone Dexborneol was safe and well tolerated at all doses,although no significant improvement in functional outcomes was observed at 90days.展开更多
When an extremely thick rock bed exists above a protected coal seam in the bending zone given the condition of a mining protective seam, this extremely thick rock bed controls the movement of the entire overlying stra...When an extremely thick rock bed exists above a protected coal seam in the bending zone given the condition of a mining protective seam, this extremely thick rock bed controls the movement of the entire overlying stratum. This extremely thick rock bed, called a ＂main key stratum＂, will not subside nor break for a long time, causing lower fractures and bed separations not to close and gas can migrate to the bed separation areas along the fractures. These bed separations become gas enrichment areas. By analyzing the rule of fracture evolution and gas migration under the main key stratum after the deep protective coal seam has been mined, we propose a new gas drainage method which uses bore holes, drilled through rock and coal seams at great depths for draining pressure relief gas. In this method, the bores are located at a high level suction roadway （we can also drill them in the drilling field located high in an air gateway）. Given the practice in the Haizi mine, the gas drainage rate can reach 73% in the middie coal group, with a gas drainage radius over 100 m.展开更多
Pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens,apoptotic host cells,and damaged senescent cells.PRRs bridge nonspe...Pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens,apoptotic host cells,and damaged senescent cells.PRRs bridge nonspecific immunity and specific immunity.Through the recognition and binding of ligands,PRRs can produce nonspecific anti-infection,antitumor,and other immunoprotective effects.Most PRRs in the innate immune system of vertebrates can be classified into the following five types based on protein domain homology:Toll-like receptors(TLRs),nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors(NLRs),retinoic acid-inducible gene-1(RIG-1)-like receptors(RLRs),C-type lectin receptors(CLRs),and absent in melanoma-2(AIM2)-like receptors(ALRs).PRRs are basically composed of ligand recognition domains,intermediate domains,and effector domains.PRRs recognize and bind their respective ligands and recruit adaptor molecules with the same structure through their effector domains,initiating downstream signaling pathways to exert effects.In recent years,the increased researches on the recognition and binding of PRRs and their ligands have greatly promoted the understanding of different PRRs signaling pathways and provided ideas for the treatment of immune-related diseases and even tumors.This review describes in detail the history,the structural characteristics,ligand recognition mechanism,the signaling pathway,the related disease,new drugs in clinical trials and clinical therapy of different types of PRRs,and discusses the significance of the research on pattern recognition mechanism for the treatment of PRR-related diseases.展开更多
Collateral circulation plays a vital role in sustaining blood flow to the ischaemic areas in acute,subacute or chronic phases after an ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.Good collateral circulation has sho...Collateral circulation plays a vital role in sustaining blood flow to the ischaemic areas in acute,subacute or chronic phases after an ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.Good collateral circulation has shown protective effects towards a favourable functional outcome and a lower risk of recurrence in stroke attributed to different aetiologies or undergoing medical or endovascular treatment.Over the past decade,the importance of collateral circulation has attracted more attention and is becoming a hot spot for research.However,the diversity in imaging methods and criteria to evaluate collateral circulation has hindered comparisons of findings from different cohorts and further studies in exploring the clinical relevance of collateral circulation and possible methods to enhance collateral flow.The statement is aimed to update currently available evidence and provide evidence-based recommendations regarding grading methods for collateral circulation,its significance in patients with stroke and methods under investigation to improve collateral flow.展开更多
Phytoremediation offers a cost-effective, non-intrusive, and safe alternative to conventional cleanup techniques. In this study, we used ornamental hydrophytes plants as constructed wetlands to treat urban or rural do...Phytoremediation offers a cost-effective, non-intrusive, and safe alternative to conventional cleanup techniques. In this study, we used ornamental hydrophytes plants as constructed wetlands to treat urban or rural domestic wastewater. Most ornamental hydrophytes adapted to the wastewater well, and were fairly efficient in scavenging BOD5 （biological oxygen demand 5 d）, COD （chemical oxygen demand）, TN （total nitrogen）, TP （total phosphorus） and heavy metals （Cr, Pb, Cd） in the wastewater. However, the efficiency varied a lot for various species to different contaminants, Iris pseudacorus L. and Acorus gramineus Soland were good choices for treatment of composite-polluted urban wastewater. Some variation in the change of membrane peroxidation and endogenous protective system in responses to wastewater was found among six hydrophytes, which have a correlation with the efficiency of wastewater treatment. It may demonstrate that the developed antioxidative systems of L pseudacorus and A. gramineus contributed much to their superiority. On the other hand, interaction of different components in the wastewater might have certain effects on phytoremediation.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow,which induces severe neural injuries,and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.Thus,it is of great necessity to fu...Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow,which induces severe neural injuries,and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.Thus,it is of great necessity to further detailly elucidate the mechanisms of ischemic stroke and find out new therapies against the disease.In recent years,efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke,including cellular excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,cell death processes,and neuroinflammation.In the meantime,a plethora of signaling pathways,either detrimental or neuroprotective,are also highly involved in the forementioned pathophysiology.These pathways are closely intertwined and form a complex signaling network.Also,these signaling pathways reveal therapeutic potential,as targeting these signaling pathways could possibly serve as therapeutic approaches against ischemic stroke.In this review,we describe the signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke and categorize them based on the pathophysiological processes they participate in.Therapeutic approaches targeting these signaling pathways,which are associated with the pathophysiology mentioned above,are also discussed.Meanwhile,clinical trials regarding ischemic stroke,which potentially target the pathophysiology and the signaling pathways involved,are summarized in details.Conclusively,this review elucidated potential molecular mechanisms and related signaling pathways underlying ischemic stroke,and summarize the therapeutic approaches targeted various pathophysiology,with particular reference to clinical trials and future prospects for treating ischemic stroke.展开更多
A systematic study was conducted to determine the effects of water stress on the activities of protective enzymes and lipid peroxidation in maize. The results showed that, under water stress, the activities of superox...A systematic study was conducted to determine the effects of water stress on the activities of protective enzymes and lipid peroxidation in maize. The results showed that, under water stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, and peroxidase （POD） in leaves and roots increased sharply at prophase and metaphase growth stages, such as, male tetrad stage, but then declined towards the physiological maturity. The protective enzyme activities in roots were lower than those in leaves. The content of malondialdehyde （MDA） increased according to the severity of water stress. The content of MDA in roots was lower than that in leaves. The activities of protective enzymes and lipid peroxidation in roots were positively related to that in leaves with most of the correlation coefficients being significant. The content of soluble proteins in roots and leaves decreased with increasing drought stress. The ear characteristics deteriorated and the economic yields of maize decreased significantly under water stress. The main factors that caused reduction of yields were the decrease in the number of ear kernels and 100-kernel weight.展开更多
Background Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury and microRNAs （miRNAs） could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNA...Background Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury and microRNAs （miRNAs） could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNAs in the cardioprotection by electroacupuncture pre-treatment on myocardial I/R injury remains unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine whether miR-214 was involved in cardio-protection by electroacupuncture. Methods Using rat myocardial I/R model, we examined the role of electroacupuncture pretreatment in myocardial I/R injury and analyzed the changes in the expression of miR-214. In addition, I/R was simulated in vitro by performing oxy-gen-glucose deprivation （OGD） on H9c2 cell cultures, and the effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on I/R injury as well as expressional level of miR-214 were examined in vitro. Furthermore, the miR-214 mimic was transfected into OGD-treated H9c2 cells, we analyzed the cell apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and creatine kinase （CK） activities, intracellular free Ca2＋concentration （[Ca2＋]i） as well as the relative protein levels of sodium/calcium exchanger 1（NCX1）, BCL2-like 11 （BIM）, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ（CaMKIIδ） and Cyclophilin D （CypD）. Results The in vivo results revealed that compared with the I/R group, the electroacupuncture pretreatment group showed significant decreased myocardial infarct size, as well as the increased indices of the cardiac function, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rising and declining （±dp/dt max）. In addition, electroacupuncture pretreatment could inhibit the elevation of LDH and CK activities induced by I/R injury. The quantitative PCR （qPCR） results demonstrated electroacupuncture pretreatment could provide cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in rats with miR-214 up-regulation. In the meanwhile, in vitro, electroacupuncture pretreatment protected展开更多
Metallothioneins （MTs） were discovered in 1957 by Margoshes and Vallee and identified as low-molecular weight and sulphydryl rich proteins. It is not surprising that most mammalian tissues contain age related basal ...Metallothioneins （MTs） were discovered in 1957 by Margoshes and Vallee and identified as low-molecular weight and sulphydryl rich proteins. It is not surprising that most mammalian tissues contain age related basal levels of MTs since they are involved in metalloregulatory processes that include cell growth and multiplication. In an effort to understand the biology of this intriguing tumor, various biomarkers such as oncogenes, p53 tumor suppressor gene, war 1 protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, telomerase, microsatellite markers and cytogenetic changes have been examined. One biomarker which has recently shown to be expressed in various human tumors but still less reported in carcinoma is MT. Immunohistochemical detection of MT proteins in cold acetone-fixed paraffin embedded liver sections was performed by the streptavidin-avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase complex method.展开更多
Major pulmonary disorders may occur after brain injuries as ventilator-associated pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome or neurogenic pulmonary edema. They are key points for the management of brain-injured p...Major pulmonary disorders may occur after brain injuries as ventilator-associated pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome or neurogenic pulmonary edema. They are key points for the management of brain-injured patients because respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation seem to be a risk factor for increased mortality, poor neurological outcome and longer intensive care unit or hospital length of stay. Brain and lung strongly interact via complex pathways from the brain to the lung but also from the lung to the brain. Several hypotheses have been proposed with a particular interest for the recently described "double hit" model. Ventilator setting in brain-injured patients with lung injuries has been poorly studied and intensivists are often fearful to use some parts of protective ventilation in patients with brain injury. This review aims to describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of lung injuries in brain-injured patients, but also the impact of different modalities of mechanical ventilation on the brain in the context of acute brain injury.展开更多
Background The vaccination of mice with DNA encoding single candidate antigens has failed to induce significant protection against Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) challenge infections In this study, we evaluated ...Background The vaccination of mice with DNA encoding single candidate antigens has failed to induce significant protection against Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) challenge infections In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using a multivalent DNA vaccine which co expressed S japonicum integral membrane protein Sj23 and murine cytokine IL 12 to induce protective immune responses Methods The plasmid pVIVO2 IL12 Sj23, a eukaryotic expression vector expressing Sj23 and murine IL 12 simultaneously, was constructed, identified, and tested for expression in vitro Its ability to protect against S japonicum challenge infections was analyed according to worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate after vaccination of BALB/c mice The serum levels of specific IgG antibody were determined by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis Using cultured spleen cells, IFN γ and IL 4 post stimulation were quantified by ELISA The phenotypes of splenocyte populations were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) Results The plasmid DNA pVIVO2 IL12 Sj23 was proven to express well in vitro by transient transfection of HEK 293 cells Immunization resulted in a worm reduction rate of 45 53% and egg reduction rate of 58 35% ELISA and Western blot analysis indicated that immunized mice generated specific IgG against Sj23 Spleen cells showed significant increases in IFN γ but decreases in IL 4 No significant differences in CD4 + and CD8 + subgroup ratios were observed after the challenges Conclusions The multivalent DNA vaccine pVIVO2 IL12 Sj23 is sufficient to elicit moderate but highly significant levels of protective immunity against challenge infections Cytokine IL 12, as a gene adjuvant, was able to enhance the Th1 responses and, hence, the protective immunity展开更多
The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor ...The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls;the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza.展开更多
Blood–brain barrier(BBB)is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system(CNS)from toxins and pathogens in blood.However,the presence of BBB complicates the pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as th...Blood–brain barrier(BBB)is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system(CNS)from toxins and pathogens in blood.However,the presence of BBB complicates the pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as the most chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter the brain.Insufficient drug delivery into the brain leads to low therapeutic efficacy as well as aggravated side effects due to the accumulation in other organs and tissues.Recent breakthrough in materials science and nanotechnology provides a library of advanced materials with customized structure and property serving as a powerful toolkit for targeted drug delivery.In-depth research in the field of anatomical and pathological study on brain and BBB further facilitates the development of brain-targeted strategies for enhanced BBB crossing.In this review,the physiological structure and different cells contributing to this barrier are summarized.Various emerging strategies for permeability regulation and BBB crossing including passive transcytosis,intranasal administration,ligands conjugation,membrane coating,stimuli-triggered BBB disruption,and other strategies to overcome BBB obstacle are highlighted.Versatile drug delivery systems ranging from organic,inorganic,and biologics-derived materials with their synthesis procedures and unique physio-chemical properties are summarized and analyzed.This review aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive guideline for researchers in diverse fields,offering perspectives on further development of brain-targeted drug delivery system.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1200601)Applied Technology Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(GA19B301)+1 种基金Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B020211004)the grant from the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Program(SKLVBP201801)。
文摘African swine fever(ASF)is a devastating infectious disease in swine that is severely threatening the global pig industry.An efficacious vaccine is urgently required.Here,we used the Chinese ASFV HLJ/18 as a backbone and generated a series of genedeleted viruses.The virulence,immunogenicity,safety,and protective efficacy evaluation in specific-pathogen-free pigs,commercial pigs,and pregnant sows indicated that one virus,namely HLJ/18-7GD,which has seven genes deleted,is fully attenuated in pigs,cannot convert to the virulent strain,and provides complete protection of pigs against lethal ASFV challenge.Our study shows that HLJ/-18-7GD is a safe and effective vaccine against ASFV,and as such is expected to play an important role in controlling the spread of ASFV.
基金Simcere Pharmaceutical Group supported the present study
文摘Background Edaravone Dexborneol is a novel neuroprotective agent that comprised edaravone and(+)-borneol,a food additive with an anti-inflammatory effect in animal ischaemic stroke models.This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of Edaravone Dexborneol compared with edaravone in treating patients with acute ischaemic stroke(AIS).Methods In this multicentre,randomised,double-blind,multiple-dose,active-controlled,phaseⅡclinical trial,patients with AIS within 48 hours after stroke onset were randomly assigned(1:1:1:1)to low-dose(12.5 mg),medium-dose(37.5 mg)or high-dose(62.5 mg)Edaravone Dexborneol groups,and an active control group with edaravone(30 mg)by 30 min intravenous infusion every 12 hours,for 14 consecutive days.The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score≤1 at 90 days and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score change from baseline to 14 days after randomisation.The safety outcome included any adverse event during 90 days after treatment.Results Of 385 patients included in the efficacy analysis,94 were randomised to low-dose group,97 to medium-dose group,98 to high-dose group and 96 to the control group.No significant difference was observed among the four groups on mRS score(mRS≤1,p=0.4054)at 90 days or NIHSS score change at 14 days(p=0.6799).However,a numerically higher percentage of patients with mRSscore≤1 at 90 days in the medium-dose(69.39%)and high-dose(65.63%)groups was observed than in the control group(60.64%).No significant difference in severe adverse events was found among the four groups(p=0.3815).Conclusions Compared with edaravone alone,Edaravone Dexborneol was safe and well tolerated at all doses,although no significant improvement in functional outcomes was observed at 90days.
基金Projects 2005CB221503 supported by the National Basic Research Program of China70533050 and 50674089 by the National Natural Science Foundation of China2005BA813B-3-06 by the National Tenth 5-Year Key Scientific and Technological Project
文摘When an extremely thick rock bed exists above a protected coal seam in the bending zone given the condition of a mining protective seam, this extremely thick rock bed controls the movement of the entire overlying stratum. This extremely thick rock bed, called a ＂main key stratum＂, will not subside nor break for a long time, causing lower fractures and bed separations not to close and gas can migrate to the bed separation areas along the fractures. These bed separations become gas enrichment areas. By analyzing the rule of fracture evolution and gas migration under the main key stratum after the deep protective coal seam has been mined, we propose a new gas drainage method which uses bore holes, drilled through rock and coal seams at great depths for draining pressure relief gas. In this method, the bores are located at a high level suction roadway （we can also drill them in the drilling field located high in an air gateway）. Given the practice in the Haizi mine, the gas drainage rate can reach 73% in the middie coal group, with a gas drainage radius over 100 m.
基金We thank the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82073096)Key Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province(2020SK2053).
文摘Pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens,apoptotic host cells,and damaged senescent cells.PRRs bridge nonspecific immunity and specific immunity.Through the recognition and binding of ligands,PRRs can produce nonspecific anti-infection,antitumor,and other immunoprotective effects.Most PRRs in the innate immune system of vertebrates can be classified into the following five types based on protein domain homology:Toll-like receptors(TLRs),nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors(NLRs),retinoic acid-inducible gene-1(RIG-1)-like receptors(RLRs),C-type lectin receptors(CLRs),and absent in melanoma-2(AIM2)-like receptors(ALRs).PRRs are basically composed of ligand recognition domains,intermediate domains,and effector domains.PRRs recognize and bind their respective ligands and recruit adaptor molecules with the same structure through their effector domains,initiating downstream signaling pathways to exert effects.In recent years,the increased researches on the recognition and binding of PRRs and their ligands have greatly promoted the understanding of different PRRs signaling pathways and provided ideas for the treatment of immune-related diseases and even tumors.This review describes in detail the history,the structural characteristics,ligand recognition mechanism,the signaling pathway,the related disease,new drugs in clinical trials and clinical therapy of different types of PRRs,and discusses the significance of the research on pattern recognition mechanism for the treatment of PRR-related diseases.
文摘Collateral circulation plays a vital role in sustaining blood flow to the ischaemic areas in acute,subacute or chronic phases after an ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.Good collateral circulation has shown protective effects towards a favourable functional outcome and a lower risk of recurrence in stroke attributed to different aetiologies or undergoing medical or endovascular treatment.Over the past decade,the importance of collateral circulation has attracted more attention and is becoming a hot spot for research.However,the diversity in imaging methods and criteria to evaluate collateral circulation has hindered comparisons of findings from different cohorts and further studies in exploring the clinical relevance of collateral circulation and possible methods to enhance collateral flow.The statement is aimed to update currently available evidence and provide evidence-based recommendations regarding grading methods for collateral circulation,its significance in patients with stroke and methods under investigation to improve collateral flow.
基金Project supported by the Key Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2005C24011)the Open Fund of Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment Remediafion and Ecological Health(No. 2005204).
文摘Phytoremediation offers a cost-effective, non-intrusive, and safe alternative to conventional cleanup techniques. In this study, we used ornamental hydrophytes plants as constructed wetlands to treat urban or rural domestic wastewater. Most ornamental hydrophytes adapted to the wastewater well, and were fairly efficient in scavenging BOD5 （biological oxygen demand 5 d）, COD （chemical oxygen demand）, TN （total nitrogen）, TP （total phosphorus） and heavy metals （Cr, Pb, Cd） in the wastewater. However, the efficiency varied a lot for various species to different contaminants, Iris pseudacorus L. and Acorus gramineus Soland were good choices for treatment of composite-polluted urban wastewater. Some variation in the change of membrane peroxidation and endogenous protective system in responses to wastewater was found among six hydrophytes, which have a correlation with the efficiency of wastewater treatment. It may demonstrate that the developed antioxidative systems of L pseudacorus and A. gramineus contributed much to their superiority. On the other hand, interaction of different components in the wastewater might have certain effects on phytoremediation.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants:82071380,81873743,81801223)Tongji Hospital(HUST)Foundation for Excellent Young Scientist(Grant No.2020YQ06).
文摘Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow,which induces severe neural injuries,and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.Thus,it is of great necessity to further detailly elucidate the mechanisms of ischemic stroke and find out new therapies against the disease.In recent years,efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke,including cellular excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,cell death processes,and neuroinflammation.In the meantime,a plethora of signaling pathways,either detrimental or neuroprotective,are also highly involved in the forementioned pathophysiology.These pathways are closely intertwined and form a complex signaling network.Also,these signaling pathways reveal therapeutic potential,as targeting these signaling pathways could possibly serve as therapeutic approaches against ischemic stroke.In this review,we describe the signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke and categorize them based on the pathophysiological processes they participate in.Therapeutic approaches targeting these signaling pathways,which are associated with the pathophysiology mentioned above,are also discussed.Meanwhile,clinical trials regarding ischemic stroke,which potentially target the pathophysiology and the signaling pathways involved,are summarized in details.Conclusively,this review elucidated potential molecular mechanisms and related signaling pathways underlying ischemic stroke,and summarize the therapeutic approaches targeted various pathophysiology,with particular reference to clinical trials and future prospects for treating ischemic stroke.
文摘A systematic study was conducted to determine the effects of water stress on the activities of protective enzymes and lipid peroxidation in maize. The results showed that, under water stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, and peroxidase （POD） in leaves and roots increased sharply at prophase and metaphase growth stages, such as, male tetrad stage, but then declined towards the physiological maturity. The protective enzyme activities in roots were lower than those in leaves. The content of malondialdehyde （MDA） increased according to the severity of water stress. The content of MDA in roots was lower than that in leaves. The activities of protective enzymes and lipid peroxidation in roots were positively related to that in leaves with most of the correlation coefficients being significant. The content of soluble proteins in roots and leaves decreased with increasing drought stress. The ear characteristics deteriorated and the economic yields of maize decreased significantly under water stress. The main factors that caused reduction of yields were the decrease in the number of ear kernels and 100-kernel weight.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Hainan Provincial Nature Science Foundation
文摘Background Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury and microRNAs （miRNAs） could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNAs in the cardioprotection by electroacupuncture pre-treatment on myocardial I/R injury remains unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine whether miR-214 was involved in cardio-protection by electroacupuncture. Methods Using rat myocardial I/R model, we examined the role of electroacupuncture pretreatment in myocardial I/R injury and analyzed the changes in the expression of miR-214. In addition, I/R was simulated in vitro by performing oxy-gen-glucose deprivation （OGD） on H9c2 cell cultures, and the effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on I/R injury as well as expressional level of miR-214 were examined in vitro. Furthermore, the miR-214 mimic was transfected into OGD-treated H9c2 cells, we analyzed the cell apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and creatine kinase （CK） activities, intracellular free Ca2＋concentration （[Ca2＋]i） as well as the relative protein levels of sodium/calcium exchanger 1（NCX1）, BCL2-like 11 （BIM）, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ（CaMKIIδ） and Cyclophilin D （CypD）. Results The in vivo results revealed that compared with the I/R group, the electroacupuncture pretreatment group showed significant decreased myocardial infarct size, as well as the increased indices of the cardiac function, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rising and declining （±dp/dt max）. In addition, electroacupuncture pretreatment could inhibit the elevation of LDH and CK activities induced by I/R injury. The quantitative PCR （qPCR） results demonstrated electroacupuncture pretreatment could provide cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in rats with miR-214 up-regulation. In the meanwhile, in vitro, electroacupuncture pretreatment protected
文摘Metallothioneins （MTs） were discovered in 1957 by Margoshes and Vallee and identified as low-molecular weight and sulphydryl rich proteins. It is not surprising that most mammalian tissues contain age related basal levels of MTs since they are involved in metalloregulatory processes that include cell growth and multiplication. In an effort to understand the biology of this intriguing tumor, various biomarkers such as oncogenes, p53 tumor suppressor gene, war 1 protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, telomerase, microsatellite markers and cytogenetic changes have been examined. One biomarker which has recently shown to be expressed in various human tumors but still less reported in carcinoma is MT. Immunohistochemical detection of MT proteins in cold acetone-fixed paraffin embedded liver sections was performed by the streptavidin-avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase complex method.
文摘Major pulmonary disorders may occur after brain injuries as ventilator-associated pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome or neurogenic pulmonary edema. They are key points for the management of brain-injured patients because respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation seem to be a risk factor for increased mortality, poor neurological outcome and longer intensive care unit or hospital length of stay. Brain and lung strongly interact via complex pathways from the brain to the lung but also from the lung to the brain. Several hypotheses have been proposed with a particular interest for the recently described "double hit" model. Ventilator setting in brain-injured patients with lung injuries has been poorly studied and intensivists are often fearful to use some parts of protective ventilation in patients with brain injury. This review aims to describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of lung injuries in brain-injured patients, but also the impact of different modalities of mechanical ventilation on the brain in the context of acute brain injury.
文摘Background The vaccination of mice with DNA encoding single candidate antigens has failed to induce significant protection against Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) challenge infections In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using a multivalent DNA vaccine which co expressed S japonicum integral membrane protein Sj23 and murine cytokine IL 12 to induce protective immune responses Methods The plasmid pVIVO2 IL12 Sj23, a eukaryotic expression vector expressing Sj23 and murine IL 12 simultaneously, was constructed, identified, and tested for expression in vitro Its ability to protect against S japonicum challenge infections was analyed according to worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate after vaccination of BALB/c mice The serum levels of specific IgG antibody were determined by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis Using cultured spleen cells, IFN γ and IL 4 post stimulation were quantified by ELISA The phenotypes of splenocyte populations were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) Results The plasmid DNA pVIVO2 IL12 Sj23 was proven to express well in vitro by transient transfection of HEK 293 cells Immunization resulted in a worm reduction rate of 45 53% and egg reduction rate of 58 35% ELISA and Western blot analysis indicated that immunized mice generated specific IgG against Sj23 Spleen cells showed significant increases in IFN γ but decreases in IL 4 No significant differences in CD4 + and CD8 + subgroup ratios were observed after the challenges Conclusions The multivalent DNA vaccine pVIVO2 IL12 Sj23 is sufficient to elicit moderate but highly significant levels of protective immunity against challenge infections Cytokine IL 12, as a gene adjuvant, was able to enhance the Th1 responses and, hence, the protective immunity
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31521005, 31672593)the Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project (NT2021007)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0500201)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-41G12)
文摘The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls;the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273861,82003666,82022071)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD22H310003,LQ23H300001)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20220139).
文摘Blood–brain barrier(BBB)is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system(CNS)from toxins and pathogens in blood.However,the presence of BBB complicates the pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as the most chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter the brain.Insufficient drug delivery into the brain leads to low therapeutic efficacy as well as aggravated side effects due to the accumulation in other organs and tissues.Recent breakthrough in materials science and nanotechnology provides a library of advanced materials with customized structure and property serving as a powerful toolkit for targeted drug delivery.In-depth research in the field of anatomical and pathological study on brain and BBB further facilitates the development of brain-targeted strategies for enhanced BBB crossing.In this review,the physiological structure and different cells contributing to this barrier are summarized.Various emerging strategies for permeability regulation and BBB crossing including passive transcytosis,intranasal administration,ligands conjugation,membrane coating,stimuli-triggered BBB disruption,and other strategies to overcome BBB obstacle are highlighted.Versatile drug delivery systems ranging from organic,inorganic,and biologics-derived materials with their synthesis procedures and unique physio-chemical properties are summarized and analyzed.This review aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive guideline for researchers in diverse fields,offering perspectives on further development of brain-targeted drug delivery system.
