Summary： To determining the postmortem interval （PMI） through quantitative analysis of the DNA degradation of cell nucleus in human brain and spleen by using image analysis technique （IAT）. The brain and spleen t...Summary： To determining the postmortem interval （PMI） through quantitative analysis of the DNA degradation of cell nucleus in human brain and spleen by using image analysis technique （IAT）. The brain and spleen tissues from 32 cadavers with known PMI were collected, subjected to cell smear every 1 h within the first 5-36 h after death, stained by Feulgen-Van＇s staining, Three indices reflecting DNA in brain cells （astrocytes） and splenic lymphocytes, including integral optical density （IOD）, average optical density （AOD）, average gray （AG） were measured by employing the mage analysis instrument. The results showed that IOD and AOD declined and AG increased with the prolongation of dead time within 5 36 h. A correlation between the PMI and gray parameters （IOD,AOD and AG） was identified and the corresponding regression equation was obtained. The parameters （IOD, AOD and AG） were proved to be effective quantitative indicators for accurate estimation of PMI within 5-36 h after death.展开更多
The determination of time since death or the postmortem interval(PMI)is one of the most important and frequently asked questions in forensic medicine.Medicolegal scholars and forensic pathologists around the world hav...The determination of time since death or the postmortem interval(PMI)is one of the most important and frequently asked questions in forensic medicine.Medicolegal scholars and forensic pathologists around the world have studied the estimation of PMI extensively in the past,and many novel methods and advanced technologies have now been applied in the field.For several centuries,Chinese forensic examiners have also worked on the estimation of the PMI,and there are a large number of excellent studies published in Chinese rather than in English,and these are not easily accessible or known internationally.Therefore we have conducted a review of relevant studies published by Chinese forensic scholars in the last few decades.The scope of this review is to provide a concise summary of the current progress in the estimation of PMI by Chinese forensic researchers using molecular biology,spectroscopic technology,entomological methods,energy changes,thanatochemistry and other methods.展开更多
To study the relationship between changes of microbial ATP in four kinds of murine tis-sues and the postmortem interval （PMI）, healthy SD rats were sacrificed and their muscles, livers, spleens and kidneys were samp...To study the relationship between changes of microbial ATP in four kinds of murine tis-sues and the postmortem interval （PMI）, healthy SD rats were sacrificed and their muscles, livers, spleens and kidneys were sampled at different postmortem intervals. The concentration of microbial ATP was detected using bioluminescent assay and the data was statistically analyzed. The concentra-tion of microbial ATP in muscle increased with PMI time. The peak appeared at the 7th day after death, and at the 10th day, microbial ATP in muscle tissue increased again. In internal organs, the peaks of microbial ATP were observed at the 8th day after death and the level decreased during 8–10 d. The differences in microbial ATP concentration in liver, spleen and kidney were not statistically significant. During day 0 to day 9 after death, the correlation was best between PMI and microbial ATP in muscle. With PMI as the independent variable, the cubic polynomial regression equation was Y=0.02X3–0.166X2–0.666X＋13.412 （R2=0.989, P〈0.01）. In internal organs, the best correlation was found between PMI and microbial ATP during day 0 to day 10. With PMI as the independent variable, the cubic polynomial regression equation was Y=0.016X3–0.127X2–0.809X＋13.324 （R2=0.986, P〈0.01）. There existed high correlations between PMI and microbial ATP concentration in rat tissues. Since only a small amount of tissue was needed for the detection and the sample was not affected by self-decomposition, the method may extend the time range of PMI estimation.展开更多
The electrical conductivity(EC)of extracted muscle fluid has been extensively used to evaluate meat freshness and shelf life in the field of food sanitation for decades.The opposite of freshness is the corruption that...The electrical conductivity(EC)of extracted muscle fluid has been extensively used to evaluate meat freshness and shelf life in the field of food sanitation for decades.The opposite of freshness is the corruption that increases with time.Based on the freshness/corruption principle,we investigated the relationship between long postmortem intervals(PMIs)and EC in cadaver skeletal muscle.EC values of extracted fluid from rat muscles were measured at different PMIs for 10 days.The results indicate that there was a significant correlation between PMI and EC,and the data fit well to the cubic polynomial regression equation y=‑0.01x3+0.264x2‑13.657x+1769.148(R2=0.925).In addition,the EC of different dilutions of these muscle extracts showed strict quadratic correlation(R2=1)with the dilution ratios,suggesting that EC can be measured with very small quantities of muscle sample.Our study suggests that determination of the EC of cadaver skeletal muscle extracts may be a useful method for estimating long PMIs.展开更多
In this study, we sought to elucidate the process of DNA degradation in brain and dental pulp cells of mice, within postmortem 0-72 hours, by using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay and professional comet imag...In this study, we sought to elucidate the process of DNA degradation in brain and dental pulp cells of mice, within postmortem 0-72 hours, by using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay and professional comet image analysis and processing techniques. The frequency of comet-like cells, the percentage of tail DNA, tail length, tail moment, Olive moment and tail area increased in tandem with increasing postmortem interval. In contrast, the head radius, the percentage of head DNA and head area showed a decreasing trend. Linear regression analysis revealed a high correlation between these parameters and the postmortem interval. The findings suggest that the single cell gel electrophoresis assay is a quick and sensitive method to detect DNA degradation in brain and dental pulp cells, providing an objective and accurate new way to estimate postmortem interval.展开更多
To study the relationship between the late postmortem interval （PMI） and trimethyl-amine-nitrogen （TMA-N） in postmortem tissues of cadaver, TMA-N in muscles, livers and kidneys of rats was measured at different po...To study the relationship between the late postmortem interval （PMI） and trimethyl-amine-nitrogen （TMA-N） in postmortem tissues of cadaver, TMA-N in muscles, livers and kidneys of rats was measured at different postmortem intervals （PMI） by using a modified spectrophotometric method. The results indicated that the detection sensitivity of TMA-N was 1 mg/L, and there was a good linear correlation between the value of absorbance （A value） and TMA-N at the concentration of 1-10 mg/L （R2=0.9991）. Although TMA variation in muscles was different from that in inner organs during the time since death, TMA-N changes in cadaver tissues was positively correlated with PMI. During 2 to 7d since death, the best correlation between PMI and TMA-N concentration was found in muscles. With PMI as an independent variable, the cubic polynomial regression equation was y=-0.457x3 ＋6.519x2-24.574x＋27.207 （R2=0.969）. During 3 to 8 days since death, PMI was best correlated with TMA-N concentration in inner organs. With PMI as the independent variable, the cubic polynomial regression equation was y=0.509x3-9.153x2＋55.727x-95.819 （R2=0.953）. It was concluded that TMA-N in tissues could be used as a new estimator for late PMI. The method used in this study offered advantages such as accuracy, sensitivity, little samples required and wide PMI estimation.展开更多
This paper is a systematic review of the treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic Google Scholar search aimed at treatment guidelines and clinical trials. The search for treatment guidelines returned 375 papers and...This paper is a systematic review of the treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic Google Scholar search aimed at treatment guidelines and clinical trials. The search for treatment guidelines returned 375 papers and was last performed from June 1, 2022 to August 30, 2022. The literature suggests that lithium helps control and alleviate severe mood episodes, and olanzapine is effective for acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. Achieving effectiveness or remission is better with Cariprazine. Lurasidone improves cognitive performance. Quetiapine improves sleep quality and co-morbid anxiety. Lamotrigine helps delay depression, mania, and mild manic episodes. Antidepressants are best used in conjunction with mood stabilizers. For co-morbid treatment, carbamazepine and lithium in combination are more effective in the treatment of psychotic mania. Co-morbid anxiety treatment considers adjunctive olanzapine or lamotrigine. Co-morbid bulimia treatment considers a mood stabilizer. Co-morbid fatigue treatment considers a dawn simulator. For diet, pay attention to a healthy diet, patients can ingest probiotics and pay attention to the balance of fatty acids.展开更多
在法医学检案中,经常要对尸体上的损伤进行检验以确定生前伤或死后伤,并要鉴定损伤时间.损伤超过8小时者一般用常规组织学方法可以解决,但损伤后经过时间较短,单用组织学方法不能解决,如利用酶活性反应方法和利用在组织内细胞内进行特...在法医学检案中,经常要对尸体上的损伤进行检验以确定生前伤或死后伤,并要鉴定损伤时间.损伤超过8小时者一般用常规组织学方法可以解决,但损伤后经过时间较短,单用组织学方法不能解决,如利用酶活性反应方法和利用在组织内细胞内进行特异、灵敏、稳定的抗原抗体反应,可以较准确鉴定损伤时间.Perper J. A. Raek Allio、Tanaka、Fatteh等报导用组织化学方法鉴定损伤时间,祝家镇、刘世仓教授近年来也有报道,但用免疫组化学方法来鉴定损伤后早期时间,就作者所知,国内、外未见报道,而FN在创伤愈合过程中的作用国内外已有报道.展开更多
Succession patterns for insect fauna, spanning four seasons, on rabbit carcasses were studied in Guangzhou China from 2006 to 2008. A total of 49 taxa belonging to three orders and 15 families were collected and ident...Succession patterns for insect fauna, spanning four seasons, on rabbit carcasses were studied in Guangzhou China from 2006 to 2008. A total of 49 taxa belonging to three orders and 15 families were collected and identified. Four decomposition stages were recognized： fresh, bloated, decay and dry stage. Taxa diversity was higher in bloated and decay stages than fresh and dry stages. Internal and ambient temperatures were measured. Maximum internal temperature arrived earlier in warmer seasons. The sequence of insect succession in this study follows the same general patterns： the Diptera peaked initially, and the Coleoptera peaked later. Chrysomya megacephala was the dominant species in four seasons. Its time point of different development stages on carrion could be the most important indicators for PMI （postmortem interval） estimation in Guangzhou. Yearly and seasonal differences in activities of insects were compared. Alpha diversity indices were calculated. There were no significant differences in Shannon-Wiener index, evenness （J） and dominance （C） between seasons and years. From the Jaccard similarity index, the highest similarity was between winter and spring, while the lowest was between summer and winter. Some species occurring exclusively in one season may be important to characterize different seasons. A list of the insect taxa associated with above-ground rabbit carrion during the four seasons was compiled, which can be used for estimating time since death in similar bio-climate areas.展开更多
Summary： Relationship between ATP changes of rabbit blood and postmortem interval （PMI） was studied. Twenty-four healthy rabbits were sacrificed and randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 rab- bits of each group. Th...Summary： Relationship between ATP changes of rabbit blood and postmortem interval （PMI） was studied. Twenty-four healthy rabbits were sacrificed and randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 rab- bits of each group. The bodies of three groups were placed in calorstat at temperature of 15℃, 25℃ and 35℃, respectively. The blood from the right ventricle was sampled through indwelling needle each 4 h until 72 h after death. ATP levels in the blood samples were measured by using ATP fluo- rescence rapid detection technique at different PMIs. Blood ATP levels slightly increased in the early stage after death and then constantly declined at all temperatures （15℃, 25℃, and 35℃）. Cubic polynomial regression equations with log[ATP] as dependent variable （y） and PMI as independent variable （x） at different temperatures and the optimal time period were established as followed： Under 15℃ and during 16-64 h after death, y=-3.027×10^-5x^3＋0.003x^2-0.096x-10.625 （Ra^2=0.992, P〈0.001）; under 25℃ and during 8-56 h after death, y=-2.921×10^-5x^3＋0.002x^2- 0.059x-11.186 （Ra^2=0.989, P〈0.001）; under 35℃ and during 4-36 h after death, y=-9.769×10^-5x^3＋ 0.005x^2 -0.117x-11.166 （Ra^2=0.991, P〈0.001）. The changes in ATP levels in blood collected from right ven- tricle of rabbit cadavers showed relatively stable and regular degradation within 72 h after death at different temperatures.展开更多
The changes of retinal nuclear DNA content in rats after death was detected and the relationship between degradation of retinal nuclear DNA and postmortem interval （PMI） was analyzed. Ninety healthy adult SD rats, f...The changes of retinal nuclear DNA content in rats after death was detected and the relationship between degradation of retinal nuclear DNA and postmortem interval （PMI） was analyzed. Ninety healthy adult SD rats, female, weighing 250±10 g, were randomly divided into 15 groups. At 20 ℃, the retinal cells were withdrawn every 2 h within 0 to 28 h after death and stained with Feulgen-Vans. Index of density （ID）, integral absorbance （IA） and average absorbance （AA） in retinal nucleus were analyzed by image analysis system. And the obtained data were subjected to linear regression analysis by using SPSS12.0 software. The results showed that in retinal nucleus, AA and IA were gradually declined with the prolongation of PMI, while ID had an increased tendency. Within 28 h after PMI, the regression equations were as follows： YAA=-0.009XAA＋0.590 （R^2=0.949）, YIA=0.097XIA＋18.903 （R^2=0.968）, YID=0.122XID＋2.246 （R^2=0.951）. It was concluded that retinal nuclear DNA after death in rats was degraded gradually and had a good correlation with PMI.展开更多
Postmortem imaging(PMI)technology known as virtual autopsy or virtopsy is regarded as a useful method of noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy in forensic practice.Postmortem computed tomography is applicable to t...Postmortem imaging(PMI)technology known as virtual autopsy or virtopsy is regarded as a useful method of noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy in forensic practice.Postmortem computed tomography is applicable to traumatic investigation,acute hemorrhage,pulmonary parenchyma disease,calcification(calculus,atherosclerosis),and gas accumulation.Postmortem magnetic resonance(PMMR)has been proven to have advantages in soft tissue identification.Cardiac death is one of the keys and difficult points in forensic practice.With the introduction and development of PMCT angiography and PMMR,it was proved to be a very promising tool in the investigation of cardiac death,including vascular cavities and ischemic myocardium.This article reviewed the applications of the latest PMI and its related technologies in forensic cardiac pathology,including advantages,limitations,and development prospects.展开更多
In the past 2 decades,modern radiological methods,such as multiple detector computed tomography (MDCT),MDCT-angiography,and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)were introduced into postmortem practice for investig...In the past 2 decades,modern radiological methods,such as multiple detector computed tomography (MDCT),MDCT-angiography,and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)were introduced into postmortem practice for investigation of sudden death (SD),including cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD).In forensic cases,the underlying cause of SD is most frequently cardiovascular with coronary atherosclerotic disease as the leading cause.There are many controversies about the role of postmortem imaging in establishing the cause of death and especially the value of minimally invasive autopsy techniques.This paper discusses the state of the art for postmortem radiological evaluation of the heart compared to classical postmortem examination,especially in cases of SCD.In SCD cases,postmortem CT is helpful to estimate the heart size and to visualize haemopericardium and calcified plaques and valves,as well as to identify and locate cardiovascular devices.Angiographic methods are useful to provide a detailed view of the coronary arteries and to analyse them,especially regarding the extent and location of stenosis and obstruction.In postsurgical cases,it allows verification and documentation of the patency of stents and bypass grafts before opening the body.Postmortem MRI is used to investigate soft tissues such as the myocardium,but images are susceptible to postmortem changes and further work is necessary to increase the understanding of these radiological aspects,especially of the ischemic myocardium.In postsurgery cases,the value of postmortem imaging of the heart is reportedly for the diagnostic and documentation purposes.The implementation of new imaging methods into routine postmortem practice is challenging,as it requires not only an investment in equipment but,more importantly,investment in the expertise of interpreting the images.Once those requirements are implemented,however,they bring great advantages in investigating cases of SCD,as they allow documentation of the body,orientation of sampling for further analyses and ga展开更多
The postmortem redistribution of aconitine(AC) and its influencing factors by orally ingested Aconitum brachypodum Diels (AbD) in rabbits were studied. The results showed that postmortem AC redistribution did exist, a...The postmortem redistribution of aconitine(AC) and its influencing factors by orally ingested Aconitum brachypodum Diels (AbD) in rabbits were studied. The results showed that postmortem AC redistribution did exist, and the diffusion along a concentration gradient was the major influencing factor on it. Change of temperature and incomplete distribution in life also influenced it.Besides those mentioned above, there were other influencing factors. These may be related to postmortem blood movement and toxin released from cells occurring as part of the processes of autolysis and putrefaction.展开更多
Corneal opacity is one of the most commonly used parameters for estimating postmortem interval （PMI）. This paper proposes a new method to study the relationship between changes of corneal opacity and PMI by processi...Corneal opacity is one of the most commonly used parameters for estimating postmortem interval （PMI）. This paper proposes a new method to study the relationship between changes of corneal opacity and PMI by processing and analyzing cornea images. Corneal regions were extracted from images of rabbits＇ eyes and described by color-based and texture-based features, which could represent the changes of cornea at different PMI. A KNN classifier was used to reveal the association of image features and PMI. The result of the classification showed that the new method was reliable and effective.展开更多
文摘Summary： To determining the postmortem interval （PMI） through quantitative analysis of the DNA degradation of cell nucleus in human brain and spleen by using image analysis technique （IAT）. The brain and spleen tissues from 32 cadavers with known PMI were collected, subjected to cell smear every 1 h within the first 5-36 h after death, stained by Feulgen-Van＇s staining, Three indices reflecting DNA in brain cells （astrocytes） and splenic lymphocytes, including integral optical density （IOD）, average optical density （AOD）, average gray （AG） were measured by employing the mage analysis instrument. The results showed that IOD and AOD declined and AG increased with the prolongation of dead time within 5 36 h. A correlation between the PMI and gray parameters （IOD,AOD and AG） was identified and the corresponding regression equation was obtained. The parameters （IOD, AOD and AG） were proved to be effective quantitative indicators for accurate estimation of PMI within 5-36 h after death.
基金supported by National Sciences Foundation of China(NSFC)[grant numbers 81601645,81671869,81072509,81273339 and 81273335]the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality[grant number 14DZ2270800].
文摘The determination of time since death or the postmortem interval(PMI)is one of the most important and frequently asked questions in forensic medicine.Medicolegal scholars and forensic pathologists around the world have studied the estimation of PMI extensively in the past,and many novel methods and advanced technologies have now been applied in the field.For several centuries,Chinese forensic examiners have also worked on the estimation of the PMI,and there are a large number of excellent studies published in Chinese rather than in English,and these are not easily accessible or known internationally.Therefore we have conducted a review of relevant studies published by Chinese forensic scholars in the last few decades.The scope of this review is to provide a concise summary of the current progress in the estimation of PMI by Chinese forensic researchers using molecular biology,spectroscopic technology,entomological methods,energy changes,thanatochemistry and other methods.
基金supported by a grant from the Health Department of Hubei Province, China (No JX2B02)
文摘To study the relationship between changes of microbial ATP in four kinds of murine tis-sues and the postmortem interval （PMI）, healthy SD rats were sacrificed and their muscles, livers, spleens and kidneys were sampled at different postmortem intervals. The concentration of microbial ATP was detected using bioluminescent assay and the data was statistically analyzed. The concentra-tion of microbial ATP in muscle increased with PMI time. The peak appeared at the 7th day after death, and at the 10th day, microbial ATP in muscle tissue increased again. In internal organs, the peaks of microbial ATP were observed at the 8th day after death and the level decreased during 8–10 d. The differences in microbial ATP concentration in liver, spleen and kidney were not statistically significant. During day 0 to day 9 after death, the correlation was best between PMI and microbial ATP in muscle. With PMI as the independent variable, the cubic polynomial regression equation was Y=0.02X3–0.166X2–0.666X＋13.412 （R2=0.989, P〈0.01）. In internal organs, the best correlation was found between PMI and microbial ATP during day 0 to day 10. With PMI as the independent variable, the cubic polynomial regression equation was Y=0.016X3–0.127X2–0.809X＋13.324 （R2=0.986, P〈0.01）. There existed high correlations between PMI and microbial ATP concentration in rat tissues. Since only a small amount of tissue was needed for the detection and the sample was not affected by self-decomposition, the method may extend the time range of PMI estimation.
文摘The electrical conductivity(EC)of extracted muscle fluid has been extensively used to evaluate meat freshness and shelf life in the field of food sanitation for decades.The opposite of freshness is the corruption that increases with time.Based on the freshness/corruption principle,we investigated the relationship between long postmortem intervals(PMIs)and EC in cadaver skeletal muscle.EC values of extracted fluid from rat muscles were measured at different PMIs for 10 days.The results indicate that there was a significant correlation between PMI and EC,and the data fit well to the cubic polynomial regression equation y=‑0.01x3+0.264x2‑13.657x+1769.148(R2=0.925).In addition,the EC of different dilutions of these muscle extracts showed strict quadratic correlation(R2=1)with the dilution ratios,suggesting that EC can be measured with very small quantities of muscle sample.Our study suggests that determination of the EC of cadaver skeletal muscle extracts may be a useful method for estimating long PMIs.
基金supported by Key Research Plan of the Ministry of Public Security of China, No. 2011ZDYJXJXY005Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Liaoning Province, China, No. 2008Z205
文摘In this study, we sought to elucidate the process of DNA degradation in brain and dental pulp cells of mice, within postmortem 0-72 hours, by using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay and professional comet image analysis and processing techniques. The frequency of comet-like cells, the percentage of tail DNA, tail length, tail moment, Olive moment and tail area increased in tandem with increasing postmortem interval. In contrast, the head radius, the percentage of head DNA and head area showed a decreasing trend. Linear regression analysis revealed a high correlation between these parameters and the postmortem interval. The findings suggest that the single cell gel electrophoresis assay is a quick and sensitive method to detect DNA degradation in brain and dental pulp cells, providing an objective and accurate new way to estimate postmortem interval.
基金supported by a grant from the Health Department of Hubei Province (No. JX2B02).
文摘To study the relationship between the late postmortem interval （PMI） and trimethyl-amine-nitrogen （TMA-N） in postmortem tissues of cadaver, TMA-N in muscles, livers and kidneys of rats was measured at different postmortem intervals （PMI） by using a modified spectrophotometric method. The results indicated that the detection sensitivity of TMA-N was 1 mg/L, and there was a good linear correlation between the value of absorbance （A value） and TMA-N at the concentration of 1-10 mg/L （R2=0.9991）. Although TMA variation in muscles was different from that in inner organs during the time since death, TMA-N changes in cadaver tissues was positively correlated with PMI. During 2 to 7d since death, the best correlation between PMI and TMA-N concentration was found in muscles. With PMI as an independent variable, the cubic polynomial regression equation was y=-0.457x3 ＋6.519x2-24.574x＋27.207 （R2=0.969）. During 3 to 8 days since death, PMI was best correlated with TMA-N concentration in inner organs. With PMI as the independent variable, the cubic polynomial regression equation was y=0.509x3-9.153x2＋55.727x-95.819 （R2=0.953）. It was concluded that TMA-N in tissues could be used as a new estimator for late PMI. The method used in this study offered advantages such as accuracy, sensitivity, little samples required and wide PMI estimation.
文摘This paper is a systematic review of the treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic Google Scholar search aimed at treatment guidelines and clinical trials. The search for treatment guidelines returned 375 papers and was last performed from June 1, 2022 to August 30, 2022. The literature suggests that lithium helps control and alleviate severe mood episodes, and olanzapine is effective for acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. Achieving effectiveness or remission is better with Cariprazine. Lurasidone improves cognitive performance. Quetiapine improves sleep quality and co-morbid anxiety. Lamotrigine helps delay depression, mania, and mild manic episodes. Antidepressants are best used in conjunction with mood stabilizers. For co-morbid treatment, carbamazepine and lithium in combination are more effective in the treatment of psychotic mania. Co-morbid anxiety treatment considers adjunctive olanzapine or lamotrigine. Co-morbid bulimia treatment considers a mood stabilizer. Co-morbid fatigue treatment considers a dawn simulator. For diet, pay attention to a healthy diet, patients can ingest probiotics and pay attention to the balance of fatty acids.
文摘在法医学检案中,经常要对尸体上的损伤进行检验以确定生前伤或死后伤,并要鉴定损伤时间.损伤超过8小时者一般用常规组织学方法可以解决,但损伤后经过时间较短,单用组织学方法不能解决,如利用酶活性反应方法和利用在组织内细胞内进行特异、灵敏、稳定的抗原抗体反应,可以较准确鉴定损伤时间.Perper J. A. Raek Allio、Tanaka、Fatteh等报导用组织化学方法鉴定损伤时间,祝家镇、刘世仓教授近年来也有报道,但用免疫组化学方法来鉴定损伤后早期时间,就作者所知,国内、外未见报道,而FN在创伤愈合过程中的作用国内外已有报道.
基金Acknowledgments We thank the following specialists for identification or confirmation of specimens： Ge-Qiu Liang, Feng-Long Jia （Sun Yat-Sen University） Shuang Zhao （Guangdong Entomological Institute） Ye-Jun Zhang, Yang Zhuo and Tian-Hong Luo （Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences）. This study was supported by the Science ＆ Technology Brainstorm Project of China （Grant No.2005BA529A06）, and the Nature Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 30671394）.
文摘Succession patterns for insect fauna, spanning four seasons, on rabbit carcasses were studied in Guangzhou China from 2006 to 2008. A total of 49 taxa belonging to three orders and 15 families were collected and identified. Four decomposition stages were recognized： fresh, bloated, decay and dry stage. Taxa diversity was higher in bloated and decay stages than fresh and dry stages. Internal and ambient temperatures were measured. Maximum internal temperature arrived earlier in warmer seasons. The sequence of insect succession in this study follows the same general patterns： the Diptera peaked initially, and the Coleoptera peaked later. Chrysomya megacephala was the dominant species in four seasons. Its time point of different development stages on carrion could be the most important indicators for PMI （postmortem interval） estimation in Guangzhou. Yearly and seasonal differences in activities of insects were compared. Alpha diversity indices were calculated. There were no significant differences in Shannon-Wiener index, evenness （J） and dominance （C） between seasons and years. From the Jaccard similarity index, the highest similarity was between winter and spring, while the lowest was between summer and winter. Some species occurring exclusively in one season may be important to characterize different seasons. A list of the insect taxa associated with above-ground rabbit carrion during the four seasons was compiled, which can be used for estimating time since death in similar bio-climate areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81072505)
文摘Summary： Relationship between ATP changes of rabbit blood and postmortem interval （PMI） was studied. Twenty-four healthy rabbits were sacrificed and randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 rab- bits of each group. The bodies of three groups were placed in calorstat at temperature of 15℃, 25℃ and 35℃, respectively. The blood from the right ventricle was sampled through indwelling needle each 4 h until 72 h after death. ATP levels in the blood samples were measured by using ATP fluo- rescence rapid detection technique at different PMIs. Blood ATP levels slightly increased in the early stage after death and then constantly declined at all temperatures （15℃, 25℃, and 35℃）. Cubic polynomial regression equations with log[ATP] as dependent variable （y） and PMI as independent variable （x） at different temperatures and the optimal time period were established as followed： Under 15℃ and during 16-64 h after death, y=-3.027×10^-5x^3＋0.003x^2-0.096x-10.625 （Ra^2=0.992, P〈0.001）; under 25℃ and during 8-56 h after death, y=-2.921×10^-5x^3＋0.002x^2- 0.059x-11.186 （Ra^2=0.989, P〈0.001）; under 35℃ and during 4-36 h after death, y=-9.769×10^-5x^3＋ 0.005x^2 -0.117x-11.166 （Ra^2=0.991, P〈0.001）. The changes in ATP levels in blood collected from right ven- tricle of rabbit cadavers showed relatively stable and regular degradation within 72 h after death at different temperatures.
基金This project was supported by a grant from Hubei Provincial Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 2004 ABA200).
文摘The changes of retinal nuclear DNA content in rats after death was detected and the relationship between degradation of retinal nuclear DNA and postmortem interval （PMI） was analyzed. Ninety healthy adult SD rats, female, weighing 250±10 g, were randomly divided into 15 groups. At 20 ℃, the retinal cells were withdrawn every 2 h within 0 to 28 h after death and stained with Feulgen-Vans. Index of density （ID）, integral absorbance （IA） and average absorbance （AA） in retinal nucleus were analyzed by image analysis system. And the obtained data were subjected to linear regression analysis by using SPSS12.0 software. The results showed that in retinal nucleus, AA and IA were gradually declined with the prolongation of PMI, while ID had an increased tendency. Within 28 h after PMI, the regression equations were as follows： YAA=-0.009XAA＋0.590 （R^2=0.949）, YIA=0.097XIA＋18.903 （R^2=0.968）, YID=0.122XID＋2.246 （R^2=0.951）. It was concluded that retinal nuclear DNA after death in rats was degraded gradually and had a good correlation with PMI.
基金By grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2022YFC3302002)the Council of National Science Foundation of China(grant number 82171872)+4 种基金the Council of National Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant number 21ZR1464600)Key Laboratory of judicial expertise of Ministry of Justice and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine(grant number 21DZ2270800)Shanghai Forensic Service Platform(grant number 19DZ2292700)Central Research Institute Public Project(grant numbers2020Z‑4,2021G‑4)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine,Key Lab of Forensic Science,Ministry of Justice(grant number KF202120).
文摘Postmortem imaging(PMI)technology known as virtual autopsy or virtopsy is regarded as a useful method of noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy in forensic practice.Postmortem computed tomography is applicable to traumatic investigation,acute hemorrhage,pulmonary parenchyma disease,calcification(calculus,atherosclerosis),and gas accumulation.Postmortem magnetic resonance(PMMR)has been proven to have advantages in soft tissue identification.Cardiac death is one of the keys and difficult points in forensic practice.With the introduction and development of PMCT angiography and PMMR,it was proved to be a very promising tool in the investigation of cardiac death,including vascular cavities and ischemic myocardium.This article reviewed the applications of the latest PMI and its related technologies in forensic cardiac pathology,including advantages,limitations,and development prospects.
文摘In the past 2 decades,modern radiological methods,such as multiple detector computed tomography (MDCT),MDCT-angiography,and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)were introduced into postmortem practice for investigation of sudden death (SD),including cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD).In forensic cases,the underlying cause of SD is most frequently cardiovascular with coronary atherosclerotic disease as the leading cause.There are many controversies about the role of postmortem imaging in establishing the cause of death and especially the value of minimally invasive autopsy techniques.This paper discusses the state of the art for postmortem radiological evaluation of the heart compared to classical postmortem examination,especially in cases of SCD.In SCD cases,postmortem CT is helpful to estimate the heart size and to visualize haemopericardium and calcified plaques and valves,as well as to identify and locate cardiovascular devices.Angiographic methods are useful to provide a detailed view of the coronary arteries and to analyse them,especially regarding the extent and location of stenosis and obstruction.In postsurgical cases,it allows verification and documentation of the patency of stents and bypass grafts before opening the body.Postmortem MRI is used to investigate soft tissues such as the myocardium,but images are susceptible to postmortem changes and further work is necessary to increase the understanding of these radiological aspects,especially of the ischemic myocardium.In postsurgery cases,the value of postmortem imaging of the heart is reportedly for the diagnostic and documentation purposes.The implementation of new imaging methods into routine postmortem practice is challenging,as it requires not only an investment in equipment but,more importantly,investment in the expertise of interpreting the images.Once those requirements are implemented,however,they bring great advantages in investigating cases of SCD,as they allow documentation of the body,orientation of sampling for further analyses and ga
文摘The postmortem redistribution of aconitine(AC) and its influencing factors by orally ingested Aconitum brachypodum Diels (AbD) in rabbits were studied. The results showed that postmortem AC redistribution did exist, and the diffusion along a concentration gradient was the major influencing factor on it. Change of temperature and incomplete distribution in life also influenced it.Besides those mentioned above, there were other influencing factors. These may be related to postmortem blood movement and toxin released from cells occurring as part of the processes of autolysis and putrefaction.
文摘Corneal opacity is one of the most commonly used parameters for estimating postmortem interval （PMI）. This paper proposes a new method to study the relationship between changes of corneal opacity and PMI by processing and analyzing cornea images. Corneal regions were extracted from images of rabbits＇ eyes and described by color-based and texture-based features, which could represent the changes of cornea at different PMI. A KNN classifier was used to reveal the association of image features and PMI. The result of the classification showed that the new method was reliable and effective.
