Source apportionment studies of TSP （atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 100 μm） and PM10 （atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm） have revealed that soil dus...Source apportionment studies of TSP （atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 100 μm） and PM10 （atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm） have revealed that soil dust is an important source of these particulates in China. In this study, the contamination of soil dust was assessed through the use of a geoaccumulation index （Igeo）. The mass concentration profiles of 17 elements （Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Ba, and Pb） were established for urban soil dusts. Geochemical compositions of soils from 15 cities were used to represent background urban soil compositions. The results of this study indicated that a number of cities are severely polluted by particulates containing Ca, Cr, Ni, and Cu in both size fractions （TSP and PM10）. Contamination with Zn, Pb, Co, and Br was moderate to severe （Igeo 〉 2）. The Al and Fe concentrations were not high enough for them to be considered contaminants.展开更多
[目的]研究沙尘天气及沙尘颗粒物（PM2.5、PM10）与呼吸、心血管系统疾病日入院人数的关系。[方法]采用时间序列的半参数广义相加模型（Semi-parametric generalized additive model，GAM），在控制了长期趋势、星期几效应（day of the ...[目的]研究沙尘天气及沙尘颗粒物（PM2.5、PM10）与呼吸、心血管系统疾病日入院人数的关系。[方法]采用时间序列的半参数广义相加模型（Semi-parametric generalized additive model，GAM），在控制了长期趋势、星期几效应（day of the week，DOW）以及气象因子等混杂因素的影响后，分析2004年春季沙尘PM2.5和PM10及其大气污染物（SO2和NO2）与呼吸、心血管系统疾病日入院人数的关系，并将沙尘PM2.5和PM10按浓度分类探讨不同沙尘天气对人体健康的影响。[结果]①沙尘PM2.5和PM10在单污染模型中对居民呼吸和心血管系统疾病日入院人数的影响在滞后第2天和第3天有统计学意义。多污染模型分析表明，引入SO2或（和）NO2后，PM10对呼吸和心血管系统疾病日入院人数的影响有统计学意义，PM2.5对心血管系统疾病日入院人数的影响有统计学意义。在模型中引入其他污染物后，SO2和NO2对呼吸和心血管系统日入院人数的影响均无统计学意义。②颗粒物浓度分类模型分析表明，沙尘天气PM2.5只有达到沙尘暴颗粒物水平（〉167．5μg／m^3）对男性呼吸和心血管系统疾病日入院人数的影响才有意义，而对女性的影响PM2.5在扬沙天气水平（95．4～167．5μg/m^3）就有意义。沙尘天气PM10对男、女性呼吸和心血管系统健康的影响在扬沙天气水平（150～250μg／m^3）就有意义，达到沙尘暴水平时，其影响达到最大。[结论]①在几乎没有工业污染的沙尘发生源区或近源区，其沙尘PM2.5、PM10只有达到较高浓度（扬沙天气水平）时，才会对居民呼吸和心血管系统疾病日入院人数有影响，且为滞后效应，并呈一定剂量效应关系，即：沙尘暴天〉扬沙天〉沙尘轻度污染天、清洁天；②本研究根据大气PM10和PM2.5水平划分沙尘天气类型．比以能见度划分更为科学且更易操作．同时也为我国制定PM10和PM2.5�展开更多
文摘Source apportionment studies of TSP （atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 100 μm） and PM10 （atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm） have revealed that soil dust is an important source of these particulates in China. In this study, the contamination of soil dust was assessed through the use of a geoaccumulation index （Igeo）. The mass concentration profiles of 17 elements （Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Ba, and Pb） were established for urban soil dusts. Geochemical compositions of soils from 15 cities were used to represent background urban soil compositions. The results of this study indicated that a number of cities are severely polluted by particulates containing Ca, Cr, Ni, and Cu in both size fractions （TSP and PM10）. Contamination with Zn, Pb, Co, and Br was moderate to severe （Igeo 〉 2）. The Al and Fe concentrations were not high enough for them to be considered contaminants.
文摘[目的]研究沙尘天气及沙尘颗粒物（PM2.5、PM10）与呼吸、心血管系统疾病日入院人数的关系。[方法]采用时间序列的半参数广义相加模型（Semi-parametric generalized additive model，GAM），在控制了长期趋势、星期几效应（day of the week，DOW）以及气象因子等混杂因素的影响后，分析2004年春季沙尘PM2.5和PM10及其大气污染物（SO2和NO2）与呼吸、心血管系统疾病日入院人数的关系，并将沙尘PM2.5和PM10按浓度分类探讨不同沙尘天气对人体健康的影响。[结果]①沙尘PM2.5和PM10在单污染模型中对居民呼吸和心血管系统疾病日入院人数的影响在滞后第2天和第3天有统计学意义。多污染模型分析表明，引入SO2或（和）NO2后，PM10对呼吸和心血管系统疾病日入院人数的影响有统计学意义，PM2.5对心血管系统疾病日入院人数的影响有统计学意义。在模型中引入其他污染物后，SO2和NO2对呼吸和心血管系统日入院人数的影响均无统计学意义。②颗粒物浓度分类模型分析表明，沙尘天气PM2.5只有达到沙尘暴颗粒物水平（〉167．5μg／m^3）对男性呼吸和心血管系统疾病日入院人数的影响才有意义，而对女性的影响PM2.5在扬沙天气水平（95．4～167．5μg/m^3）就有意义。沙尘天气PM10对男、女性呼吸和心血管系统健康的影响在扬沙天气水平（150～250μg／m^3）就有意义，达到沙尘暴水平时，其影响达到最大。[结论]①在几乎没有工业污染的沙尘发生源区或近源区，其沙尘PM2.5、PM10只有达到较高浓度（扬沙天气水平）时，才会对居民呼吸和心血管系统疾病日入院人数有影响，且为滞后效应，并呈一定剂量效应关系，即：沙尘暴天〉扬沙天〉沙尘轻度污染天、清洁天；②本研究根据大气PM10和PM2.5水平划分沙尘天气类型．比以能见度划分更为科学且更易操作．同时也为我国制定PM10和PM2.5�
