To investigate the multi-scale features in two persistent heavy rainfall （PHR） events in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLRYR） in June of 1982 and 1998, this study examines the impact of multi-...To investigate the multi-scale features in two persistent heavy rainfall （PHR） events in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLRYR） in June of 1982 and 1998, this study examines the impact of multi-scale oscillations in the north and south of 30°N on the PHR events by performing sensitivity experiments with the Weather Research and Forecast （WRF） model. It is found that the 60-day low- pass perturbation made a trivial contribution to the MLRYR precipitation during the PHR event in 1982. This PHR event resulted mainly from the combined effects of 30-60-day oscillation at low latitudes and 10-30-day oscillation at both high and low latitudes. The southwesterly anomalies associated with the 30- 60-day anticyclonic anomaly over the northwestern Pacific facilitated moisture transport from the ocean to the MLRYR and enhanced the low-level convergence and ascending motion in the MLRYR. This similarly occurred in the 10-30-day oscillation as well. Moreover, the 10 30-day anomalies at high latitudes played a role in strengthening the large-scale low-level convergence over the MLRYR. The PHR event in 1998 was mainly related to the 60-day oscillation at both high and low latitudes and 30-60-day oscillation at low latitudes. The 60-day low-pass filtered anomalous cyclone at high latitudes in the north of 30°N contributed to the development of low-level convergence and ascending motion in northern MLRYR while the anomalous anticyclone at low latitudes in the south of 30°N not only increased the moisture in the MLRYR but also preconditioned the dynamical factors favorable for PHR over the whole area. The 30-60-day perturbations located north and south of 30°N worked together producing positive moisture anomaly in the MLRYR. In addition, the anomalous circulation in the south of 30°N tended to favor the development of ascending motion and low-level convergence in the MLRYR.展开更多
随着现代经济社会高速发展,越来越多人们处于亚健康状态,甚至已疾在腠理。据统计80%中国居民没有定期体检的习惯,高达85%的居民无从获知自身的健康状况,而当身体出现异样治疗起来更是无据可依,然而传统纸质档案难以满足现今对个人医疗...随着现代经济社会高速发展,越来越多人们处于亚健康状态,甚至已疾在腠理。据统计80%中国居民没有定期体检的习惯,高达85%的居民无从获知自身的健康状况,而当身体出现异样治疗起来更是无据可依,然而传统纸质档案难以满足现今对个人医疗刚需。连续完整、动态数字化的个人健康档案(Personal Health Records,PHR)的建立已关及我国居民的体质健康。本文围绕PHR系统的建立,依据卫生部制定的《健康档案基本架构与数据标准(试行)》对系统进行分析设计,同时结合物联网进行数据的采集,并将系统架设在云平台上为客户提供优质的在线即时服务。展开更多
SPX-domain-containing proteins (SPXs) play an important role in inorganic phosphate (Pi) sensing,signaling,and transport in eukaryotes.In plants,SPXs are known to integrate cellular Pi status and negatively regulate t...SPX-domain-containing proteins (SPXs) play an important role in inorganic phosphate (Pi) sensing,signaling,and transport in eukaryotes.In plants,SPXs are known to integrate cellular Pi status and negatively regulate the activity of Pi central regulators,the PHOSPATE STARVATION RESPONSE proteins (PHRs).The stability of SPXs,such as SPX4,is reduced under Pi-deficient conditions.However,the mechanisms by which SPXs are degraded remain unclear.In this study,using a yeast-twhybrid screen we iden.tified two RING-finger ubiquitin E3 ligases regulating SPX4 degradation,designated SDEL1 and SDEL2,which were post-transcriptionally induced by Pi starvation.We found that both SDELs were located in the nucleus and cytoplasm,had ubiquitin E3 ligase activity,and directly ubiquitinated the K^213 and K^299 lysine residues in SPX4 to regulate its stability.Furthermore,we found that PHR2,a Pi central regulator in rice,could compete with SDELs by interacting with SPX4 under Pi-sufficient conditions,which protected SPX4 from ubiquitination and degradation.Consistent with the biochemical function of SDEL1 and SDEL2,overexpression of SDEL1 or SDEL2 resulted in Pi overaccumulation and induced Pi-starvation signaling even under Pi-sufficient conditions.Conversely,their loss-of-function mutants displayed decreased Pi accumulation and reduced Pi-starvation signaling.Collectively,our study revealed that SDEL1 and SDEL2 facilitate the degradation of SPX4 to modulate PHR2 activity and regulate Pi homeostasis and Pi signaling in response to external Pi availability in rice.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development(973)Program of China(2012CB417201)
文摘To investigate the multi-scale features in two persistent heavy rainfall （PHR） events in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLRYR） in June of 1982 and 1998, this study examines the impact of multi-scale oscillations in the north and south of 30°N on the PHR events by performing sensitivity experiments with the Weather Research and Forecast （WRF） model. It is found that the 60-day low- pass perturbation made a trivial contribution to the MLRYR precipitation during the PHR event in 1982. This PHR event resulted mainly from the combined effects of 30-60-day oscillation at low latitudes and 10-30-day oscillation at both high and low latitudes. The southwesterly anomalies associated with the 30- 60-day anticyclonic anomaly over the northwestern Pacific facilitated moisture transport from the ocean to the MLRYR and enhanced the low-level convergence and ascending motion in the MLRYR. This similarly occurred in the 10-30-day oscillation as well. Moreover, the 10 30-day anomalies at high latitudes played a role in strengthening the large-scale low-level convergence over the MLRYR. The PHR event in 1998 was mainly related to the 60-day oscillation at both high and low latitudes and 30-60-day oscillation at low latitudes. The 60-day low-pass filtered anomalous cyclone at high latitudes in the north of 30°N contributed to the development of low-level convergence and ascending motion in northern MLRYR while the anomalous anticyclone at low latitudes in the south of 30°N not only increased the moisture in the MLRYR but also preconditioned the dynamical factors favorable for PHR over the whole area. The 30-60-day perturbations located north and south of 30°N worked together producing positive moisture anomaly in the MLRYR. In addition, the anomalous circulation in the south of 30°N tended to favor the development of ascending motion and low-level convergence in the MLRYR.
文摘随着现代经济社会高速发展,越来越多人们处于亚健康状态,甚至已疾在腠理。据统计80%中国居民没有定期体检的习惯,高达85%的居民无从获知自身的健康状况,而当身体出现异样治疗起来更是无据可依,然而传统纸质档案难以满足现今对个人医疗刚需。连续完整、动态数字化的个人健康档案(Personal Health Records,PHR)的建立已关及我国居民的体质健康。本文围绕PHR系统的建立,依据卫生部制定的《健康档案基本架构与数据标准(试行)》对系统进行分析设计,同时结合物联网进行数据的采集,并将系统架设在云平台上为客户提供优质的在线即时服务。
基金funded by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100705-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31801925,31772386,and 31601807)+1 种基金Ningbo Department of Science and Technology (2016C11017)KY was supported by the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘SPX-domain-containing proteins (SPXs) play an important role in inorganic phosphate (Pi) sensing,signaling,and transport in eukaryotes.In plants,SPXs are known to integrate cellular Pi status and negatively regulate the activity of Pi central regulators,the PHOSPATE STARVATION RESPONSE proteins (PHRs).The stability of SPXs,such as SPX4,is reduced under Pi-deficient conditions.However,the mechanisms by which SPXs are degraded remain unclear.In this study,using a yeast-twhybrid screen we iden.tified two RING-finger ubiquitin E3 ligases regulating SPX4 degradation,designated SDEL1 and SDEL2,which were post-transcriptionally induced by Pi starvation.We found that both SDELs were located in the nucleus and cytoplasm,had ubiquitin E3 ligase activity,and directly ubiquitinated the K^213 and K^299 lysine residues in SPX4 to regulate its stability.Furthermore,we found that PHR2,a Pi central regulator in rice,could compete with SDELs by interacting with SPX4 under Pi-sufficient conditions,which protected SPX4 from ubiquitination and degradation.Consistent with the biochemical function of SDEL1 and SDEL2,overexpression of SDEL1 or SDEL2 resulted in Pi overaccumulation and induced Pi-starvation signaling even under Pi-sufficient conditions.Conversely,their loss-of-function mutants displayed decreased Pi accumulation and reduced Pi-starvation signaling.Collectively,our study revealed that SDEL1 and SDEL2 facilitate the degradation of SPX4 to modulate PHR2 activity and regulate Pi homeostasis and Pi signaling in response to external Pi availability in rice.
