BACKGROUND: The treatment of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) is thought to restore antegrade blood flow in the infarct-related artery(IRA) and minimize ischemic damage to the myocardium as soon as possible. The prese...BACKGROUND: The treatment of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) is thought to restore antegrade blood flow in the infarct-related artery(IRA) and minimize ischemic damage to the myocardium as soon as possible. The present study aimed to identify possible clinical predictors for no-refl ow in patients with AMI after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).METHODS: A total of 312 consecutive patients with AMI who had been treated from January 2008 to December 2010 at the Cardiology Department of East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine were enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria were:(i) patients underwent successfully primary PCI within 12 hours after the appearance of symptoms; or(ii) patients with ischemic chest pain for more than 12 hours after a successful primary PCI within 24 hours after appearance of symptoms. Exculsion criteria were:(i) coronary artery spasm;(ii) diameter stenosis of the culprit lesion was ≤50% and coronary blood f low was normal;(iii) patients with severe left main coronary or multivessel disease, who had to require emergency revascularization. According to thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI), the patients were divided into a reflow group and a no-reflow group. The clinical data, angiography f indings and surgical data were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the predictors for no-ref low.RESULTS: Fifty-four(17.3%) of the patients developed NR phenomenon after primary PCI. Univariate analysis showed that age, time from onset to reperfusion, systolic blood pressure(SBP) on admission, Killip class of myocardial infarction, intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP) use before primary PCI, TIMI flow grade before primary PCI, type of occlusion, thrombus burden on baseline angiography, target lesion length, reference luminal diameter and method of reperfusion were correlated with no-reflow(P<0.05 for all). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified that age >65 years [OR=1.470, 95% confi dence interv展开更多
Background Many basic and clinical studies have proved that anisodamine can produce significant effect on relieving microvascular spasm, improving and dredging the coronary microcirculation. It may be beneficial to th...Background Many basic and clinical studies have proved that anisodamine can produce significant effect on relieving microvascular spasm, improving and dredging the coronary microcirculation. It may be beneficial to the improvement of slow-reflow phenomenon （SRP） following percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. So we investigated the effect of intracoronary administration of anisodamine on SRP of infarct related artery （IRA） following primary PCI in patients with ST segment elevated acute myocardial infarction （STEAMI）. Methods Twenty-one patients with SRP from a total of 148 STEAMI patients accepted primary PCI were enrolled into this study from September 2004 to December 2005. When SRP happened, nitroglycerin （200 μg） was ＂bolus＂ injected firstly into IRA to exclude the spasm of epicardial artery and identify SRP as well as a baseline and self-control agent following PCI. Ten minutes later, 1000 μg of anisodamine was injected into IRA with SRP at 200 μg/s, while the coronary angiography （CAG） was taken before and at 1st, 3rd and 10th minute after administration of nitroglycerin or anisodamine, respectively. The corrected TIMI frame count （cTFC）, TIMI myocardial perfusion grade （TMPG） and the diameter of IRA were calculated and analyzed by Gibson＇s TIMI frame count method using quantitative computer angiography （QCA） system to evaluate the influence of anisodamine on coronary flow and vessel lumen. In the meantime the invasive hemodynamic parameters of intracoronary and systemic artery （systolic, diastolic and mean pressure） and electrocardiogram （ECG） were measured and monitored. The changes of ventricular performance parameters and the adverse reaction were evaluated and followed-up at 1 month post-PCI. Results No significant changes in cTFCs and TMPGs were found at 1st, 3rd and 10th minute after intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin as compared with the baseline control （P〉0.05）. cTFCs were decreased展开更多
We first discuss the relativity of "true value and homogeneity" for quantitative remote sensing products (QRSPs), and then propose the definitions of "eigenaccuracy" and "eigenhomogeneity"...We first discuss the relativity of "true value and homogeneity" for quantitative remote sensing products (QRSPs), and then propose the definitions of "eigenaccuracy" and "eigenhomogeneity" under practical conditions. The eigenaccuracy and eigenhomogeneity for land surface crucial parameters such as albedo, leaf area index (LAI), and surface temperature are analyzed based on a series of experiments. Secondly, we point out the differences and similarities between the scale-free phenomena of the QRSPs and the measurements of the coastline length (1-dimensional) and the curved surface area (2-dimensional). An information fractal algorithm for the QRSPs is presented. In a case study for the LAI, when the fractal dimension is 2.16, the ratio of the LAI retrieval values obtained respectively from remote sensing data of 30 m and 6 km pixel resolution can actually reach as high as 2.86 for the same 6 km pixel using the same retrieval model. Finally, we propose an operational validation method "one test and two matches" and multipoint observation when the real situation does not allow carrying out scanning measurement without gap and overlap on the ground surface.展开更多
Background Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor affecting infants and young children. Although benign, it can be associated with an aggressive locally growing tumor and/or a life-threatening ...Background Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor affecting infants and young children. Although benign, it can be associated with an aggressive locally growing tumor and/or a life-threatening Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP). To date, only reviews of limited cases have been performed. We, therefore, conducted a comprehensive literature search to collect relevant data and make recommendations for future treatment trials. Methods Review of the available literature between 1993 and 2017 revealed a total of 105 publications involving 215 patients of less than 21 years of age. To this, we added 12 from our department and 4 from the Cooperative Weichteilsarkomstudie database. Results We found that KMP was present in 79% of the infants, in 47% of the 1–5-year olds, in 43% of the 6–12-year olds, and in 10% of the 13–21-year-old patients. KMP was present in nearly all (94%) patients with retroperitoneal tumors and in all patients with extra-regional tumors. The median size of a KHE without KMP was 12 cm2 as compared to 49 cm2 when associated with a KMP. With complete (not further classifiable if R0 or R1) resection, all patients were cured. If inoperable, response regarding KMP/regression of tumor size was seen in 29/28% with steroid-, 47/39% with vincristine-, 44/43% with interferon alpha-, 65/61% with anti-platelet agents-, and in 97/100% with sirolimus-containing therapies. Conclusions Patients with progressive KHE should undergo resection whenever it is considered a safe option. If inoperable, sirolimus should be the first choice for treating KMP and reducing tumor size.展开更多
Background No-reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is a predictive factor of continuous myocardial ischemia, ventricular remodeling and cardiac dy...Background No-reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is a predictive factor of continuous myocardial ischemia, ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction, which is closely associated with a worse prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate intracoronary nitroprusside in the prevention of the no-reflow phenomenon in AMI.Methods Ninety-two consecutive patients with AMI, who underwent primary PCI within 12 hours of onset, were randomly assigned to 2 groups： intracoronary administration of nitroprusside （group A, n=46）, intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin （group B, n=46）. The angJographic results were observed. The real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography （RT-MCE）, including contrast score index （CSI）, wall motion score index （WMSI）, transmural contrast defect length （CDL） and serious WM abnormal length （WML） were recorded at 24 hours and 1 week post-PCI. High sensitivity C-reactive protein （Hs-CRP） was examined by immune rate nephelometry. N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） was tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were followed up for six months. Major adverse cardiac events （MACE） were recorded. Results The incidence of final TIMI-3 flow in group A was much higher than that in Group B （P 〈0.05）, final corrected TIMI frame count （cTFC） in group A decreased significantly than that in group B （P 〈0.01）. The CSI, CDL/LV length, WMSI and WL/LV length in group A were significantly lower than that in group B （P 〈0.01）. Levels of Hs-CRP and NT-proBNP at 1 week post-PCI decreased significantly in group A than that in group B （P 〈0.01）. Patients were followed up for 6 months and the incidence of MACE in group A was significantly lower than that in group B （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Intracoronary nitroprusside can improve myocardial microcirculation, leading to the decrease of the incidence of no-reflow phenomenon and better pr展开更多
Background The incidence of no reflow phenomenon limits the clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. This randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the immediate protective effects o...Background The incidence of no reflow phenomenon limits the clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. This randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the immediate protective effects of intensive statin pretreatment on myocardial perfusion and myocardial ischemic injury during PCI.Methods Altogether 228 patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS） were randomly assigned to standard statin group （SS group, n=115） and intensive statin group （IS group, n=-113）. Patients in the SS group received 20 mg simvastatin and patients in the IS group received 80 mg simvastatin for 7 days before PCI. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction （TIMI） flow grade （TFG）, corrected TIMI frame count （CTFC） and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade （TMPG） of the intervened vessel were recorded before and after stent deployment. Creatine kinase （CK） isoenzyme MB, troponin I and plasma level of high sensitive-C reactive protein （hs-CRP）, P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule （ICAM） were measured before and 24 hours after the procedure.Results The TFG after stent deployment was significantly improved with less TIMI 0-1 and more TIMI 3 blood flow in the IS group than in the SS group （all P〈0.05）. Patients with no reflow phenomenon were less in the IS group （P〈0.001）. The CTFC was lower in the IS group than in the SS group （P 〈0.001）. TMPG was also improved in the IS group than in the SS group （P=0.001）. Although PCI caused a significant increase in CK-MB 24 hours after the procedure, the elevated CK-MB value was lower in the IS group than in the SS group （18.74±8.41 vs 21.78±10.64, P=0.018）. Similar changes were also found in troponin I （0.99±1.07 in the IS group vs 1.47±1.54 in the SS group, P=0.006）. CK-MB elevation occurred in 27.8% （32/115） of the patients in the SS group vs 15.9% （18/113） in the IS group （P=-0.030）. Myocardial necrosis was detected in 4.4% （5/115） of the patients in the SS group, whereas 0.9% （展开更多
AIM:To establish the frequency and clinical features of connective tissue diseases(CTDs)in a cohort of Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).METHODS:Three-hundred and twenty-two Chinese PBC patients wer...AIM:To establish the frequency and clinical features of connective tissue diseases(CTDs)in a cohort of Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).METHODS:Three-hundred and twenty-two Chinese PBC patients were screened for the presence of CTD,and the systemic involvement was assessed.The differences in clinical features and laboratory findings between PBC patients with and without CTD were documented.The diversity of incidence of CTDs in PBC of different countries and areas was discussed.For the comparison of normally distributed data,Student’s t test was used,while non-parametric test(Wilcoxon test)for the non-normally distributed data and 2×2χ2or Fisher’s exact tests for the ratio.RESULTS:One-hundred and fifty(46.6%)PBC patients had one or more CTDs.The most common CTD was Sj gren’s syndrome(SS,121 cases,36.2%).There were nine cases of systemic sclerosis(SSc,2.8%),12of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE,3.7%),nine of rheumatoid arthritis(RA,2.8%),and 10 of polymyositis(PM,3.1%)in this cohort.Compared to patients with PBC only,the PBC+SS patients were more likely to have fever and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),higher serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels and more frequent rheumatoid factor(RF)and interstitial lung disease(ILD)incidences;PBC+SSc patients had higher frequency of ILD;PBC+SLE patients had lower white blood cell(WBC)count,hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and immunoglobulin M levels,but higher frequency of renal involvement;PBC+RA patients had lower Hb,higher serum IgG,alkaline phosphatase,faster ESR and a higher ratio of RF positivity;PBC+PM patients had higher WBC count and a tendency towards myocardial involvement.CONCLUSION:Besides the common liver manifestation of PBC,systemic involvement and overlaps with other CTDs are not infrequent in Chinese patients.When overlapping with other CTDs,PBC patients manifested some special clinical and laboratory features which may have effect on the prognosis.展开更多
Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system（HDARS） and an integral sliding mode backstepping controller design for the hose whipping phenomenon（HWP） during probe-drogue coupling are studied. Firstly,...Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system（HDARS） and an integral sliding mode backstepping controller design for the hose whipping phenomenon（HWP） during probe-drogue coupling are studied. Firstly, a dynamic model of the variable-length hose-drogue assembly is built for the sake of exploiting suppression methods for the whipping phenomenon.Based on the lumped parameter method, the hose is modeled by a series of variable-length links connected with frictionless joints. A set of iterative equations of the hose＇s three-dimensional motion is derived subject to hose reeling in/out, tanker motion, gravity, and aerodynamic loads accounting for the effects of steady wind, atmospheric turbulence, and tanker wake. Secondly,relying on a permanent magnet synchronous motor and high-precision position sensors, a new active control strategy for the HWP on the basis of the relative position between the tanker and the receiver is proposed. Considering the strict-feedback configuration of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, a rotor position control law based on the backstepping method is designed to insure global stability. An integral of the rotor position error and an exponential sliding mode reaching law of the current errors are applied to enhance control accuracy and robustness. Finally,the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and control laws.展开更多
The Normalized Diff erence Vegetation Index(NDVI),one of the earliest remote sensing analytical products used to simplify the complexities of multi-spectral imagery,is now the most popular index used for vegetation as...The Normalized Diff erence Vegetation Index(NDVI),one of the earliest remote sensing analytical products used to simplify the complexities of multi-spectral imagery,is now the most popular index used for vegetation assessment.This popularity and widespread use relate to how an NDVI can be calculated with any multispectral sensor with a visible and a near-IR band.Increasingly low costs and weights of multispectral sensors mean they can be mounted on satellite,aerial,and increasingly—Unmanned Aerial Systems(UAS).While studies have found that the NDVI is effective for expressing vegetation status andquantified vegetation attributes,its widespread use and popularity,especially in UAS applications,carry inherent risks of misuse with end users who received little to no remote sensing education.This article summarizes the progress of NDVI acquisition,highlights the areas of NDVI application,and addresses the critical problems and considerations in using NDVI.Detailed discussion mainly covers three aspects:atmospheric eff ect,saturation phenomenon,and sensor factors.The use of NDVI can be highly eff ective as long as its limitations and capabilities are understood.This consideration is particularly important to the UAS user community.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND: The treatment of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) is thought to restore antegrade blood flow in the infarct-related artery(IRA) and minimize ischemic damage to the myocardium as soon as possible. The present study aimed to identify possible clinical predictors for no-refl ow in patients with AMI after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).METHODS: A total of 312 consecutive patients with AMI who had been treated from January 2008 to December 2010 at the Cardiology Department of East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine were enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria were:(i) patients underwent successfully primary PCI within 12 hours after the appearance of symptoms; or(ii) patients with ischemic chest pain for more than 12 hours after a successful primary PCI within 24 hours after appearance of symptoms. Exculsion criteria were:(i) coronary artery spasm;(ii) diameter stenosis of the culprit lesion was ≤50% and coronary blood f low was normal;(iii) patients with severe left main coronary or multivessel disease, who had to require emergency revascularization. According to thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI), the patients were divided into a reflow group and a no-reflow group. The clinical data, angiography f indings and surgical data were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the predictors for no-ref low.RESULTS: Fifty-four(17.3%) of the patients developed NR phenomenon after primary PCI. Univariate analysis showed that age, time from onset to reperfusion, systolic blood pressure(SBP) on admission, Killip class of myocardial infarction, intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP) use before primary PCI, TIMI flow grade before primary PCI, type of occlusion, thrombus burden on baseline angiography, target lesion length, reference luminal diameter and method of reperfusion were correlated with no-reflow(P<0.05 for all). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified that age >65 years [OR=1.470, 95% confi dence interv
基金This project was supported by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No. C0303020).
文摘Background Many basic and clinical studies have proved that anisodamine can produce significant effect on relieving microvascular spasm, improving and dredging the coronary microcirculation. It may be beneficial to the improvement of slow-reflow phenomenon （SRP） following percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. So we investigated the effect of intracoronary administration of anisodamine on SRP of infarct related artery （IRA） following primary PCI in patients with ST segment elevated acute myocardial infarction （STEAMI）. Methods Twenty-one patients with SRP from a total of 148 STEAMI patients accepted primary PCI were enrolled into this study from September 2004 to December 2005. When SRP happened, nitroglycerin （200 μg） was ＂bolus＂ injected firstly into IRA to exclude the spasm of epicardial artery and identify SRP as well as a baseline and self-control agent following PCI. Ten minutes later, 1000 μg of anisodamine was injected into IRA with SRP at 200 μg/s, while the coronary angiography （CAG） was taken before and at 1st, 3rd and 10th minute after administration of nitroglycerin or anisodamine, respectively. The corrected TIMI frame count （cTFC）, TIMI myocardial perfusion grade （TMPG） and the diameter of IRA were calculated and analyzed by Gibson＇s TIMI frame count method using quantitative computer angiography （QCA） system to evaluate the influence of anisodamine on coronary flow and vessel lumen. In the meantime the invasive hemodynamic parameters of intracoronary and systemic artery （systolic, diastolic and mean pressure） and electrocardiogram （ECG） were measured and monitored. The changes of ventricular performance parameters and the adverse reaction were evaluated and followed-up at 1 month post-PCI. Results No significant changes in cTFCs and TMPGs were found at 1st, 3rd and 10th minute after intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin as compared with the baseline control （P〉0.05）. cTFCs were decreased
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2007CB714401-3, 2009CB421305,2010CB428403)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40871170, 40801141)+1 种基金Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for NSFC Matching Fund (Grant No. O6V60160SZ)Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-326)
文摘We first discuss the relativity of "true value and homogeneity" for quantitative remote sensing products (QRSPs), and then propose the definitions of "eigenaccuracy" and "eigenhomogeneity" under practical conditions. The eigenaccuracy and eigenhomogeneity for land surface crucial parameters such as albedo, leaf area index (LAI), and surface temperature are analyzed based on a series of experiments. Secondly, we point out the differences and similarities between the scale-free phenomena of the QRSPs and the measurements of the coastline length (1-dimensional) and the curved surface area (2-dimensional). An information fractal algorithm for the QRSPs is presented. In a case study for the LAI, when the fractal dimension is 2.16, the ratio of the LAI retrieval values obtained respectively from remote sensing data of 30 m and 6 km pixel resolution can actually reach as high as 2.86 for the same 6 km pixel using the same retrieval model. Finally, we propose an operational validation method "one test and two matches" and multipoint observation when the real situation does not allow carrying out scanning measurement without gap and overlap on the ground surface.
文摘Background Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor affecting infants and young children. Although benign, it can be associated with an aggressive locally growing tumor and/or a life-threatening Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP). To date, only reviews of limited cases have been performed. We, therefore, conducted a comprehensive literature search to collect relevant data and make recommendations for future treatment trials. Methods Review of the available literature between 1993 and 2017 revealed a total of 105 publications involving 215 patients of less than 21 years of age. To this, we added 12 from our department and 4 from the Cooperative Weichteilsarkomstudie database. Results We found that KMP was present in 79% of the infants, in 47% of the 1–5-year olds, in 43% of the 6–12-year olds, and in 10% of the 13–21-year-old patients. KMP was present in nearly all (94%) patients with retroperitoneal tumors and in all patients with extra-regional tumors. The median size of a KHE without KMP was 12 cm2 as compared to 49 cm2 when associated with a KMP. With complete (not further classifiable if R0 or R1) resection, all patients were cured. If inoperable, response regarding KMP/regression of tumor size was seen in 29/28% with steroid-, 47/39% with vincristine-, 44/43% with interferon alpha-, 65/61% with anti-platelet agents-, and in 97/100% with sirolimus-containing therapies. Conclusions Patients with progressive KHE should undergo resection whenever it is considered a safe option. If inoperable, sirolimus should be the first choice for treating KMP and reducing tumor size.
文摘Background No-reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is a predictive factor of continuous myocardial ischemia, ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction, which is closely associated with a worse prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate intracoronary nitroprusside in the prevention of the no-reflow phenomenon in AMI.Methods Ninety-two consecutive patients with AMI, who underwent primary PCI within 12 hours of onset, were randomly assigned to 2 groups： intracoronary administration of nitroprusside （group A, n=46）, intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin （group B, n=46）. The angJographic results were observed. The real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography （RT-MCE）, including contrast score index （CSI）, wall motion score index （WMSI）, transmural contrast defect length （CDL） and serious WM abnormal length （WML） were recorded at 24 hours and 1 week post-PCI. High sensitivity C-reactive protein （Hs-CRP） was examined by immune rate nephelometry. N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） was tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were followed up for six months. Major adverse cardiac events （MACE） were recorded. Results The incidence of final TIMI-3 flow in group A was much higher than that in Group B （P 〈0.05）, final corrected TIMI frame count （cTFC） in group A decreased significantly than that in group B （P 〈0.01）. The CSI, CDL/LV length, WMSI and WL/LV length in group A were significantly lower than that in group B （P 〈0.01）. Levels of Hs-CRP and NT-proBNP at 1 week post-PCI decreased significantly in group A than that in group B （P 〈0.01）. Patients were followed up for 6 months and the incidence of MACE in group A was significantly lower than that in group B （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Intracoronary nitroprusside can improve myocardial microcirculation, leading to the decrease of the incidence of no-reflow phenomenon and better pr
文摘Background The incidence of no reflow phenomenon limits the clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. This randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the immediate protective effects of intensive statin pretreatment on myocardial perfusion and myocardial ischemic injury during PCI.Methods Altogether 228 patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS） were randomly assigned to standard statin group （SS group, n=115） and intensive statin group （IS group, n=-113）. Patients in the SS group received 20 mg simvastatin and patients in the IS group received 80 mg simvastatin for 7 days before PCI. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction （TIMI） flow grade （TFG）, corrected TIMI frame count （CTFC） and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade （TMPG） of the intervened vessel were recorded before and after stent deployment. Creatine kinase （CK） isoenzyme MB, troponin I and plasma level of high sensitive-C reactive protein （hs-CRP）, P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule （ICAM） were measured before and 24 hours after the procedure.Results The TFG after stent deployment was significantly improved with less TIMI 0-1 and more TIMI 3 blood flow in the IS group than in the SS group （all P〈0.05）. Patients with no reflow phenomenon were less in the IS group （P〈0.001）. The CTFC was lower in the IS group than in the SS group （P 〈0.001）. TMPG was also improved in the IS group than in the SS group （P=0.001）. Although PCI caused a significant increase in CK-MB 24 hours after the procedure, the elevated CK-MB value was lower in the IS group than in the SS group （18.74±8.41 vs 21.78±10.64, P=0.018）. Similar changes were also found in troponin I （0.99±1.07 in the IS group vs 1.47±1.54 in the SS group, P=0.006）. CK-MB elevation occurred in 27.8% （32/115） of the patients in the SS group vs 15.9% （18/113） in the IS group （P=-0.030）. Myocardial necrosis was detected in 4.4% （5/115） of the patients in the SS group, whereas 0.9% （
基金Supported by Grants from the Research Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of Health,No.201202004the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for"Significant New Drugs Development",No.2012ZX09303006-002the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China,No.2011AA020111
文摘AIM:To establish the frequency and clinical features of connective tissue diseases(CTDs)in a cohort of Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).METHODS:Three-hundred and twenty-two Chinese PBC patients were screened for the presence of CTD,and the systemic involvement was assessed.The differences in clinical features and laboratory findings between PBC patients with and without CTD were documented.The diversity of incidence of CTDs in PBC of different countries and areas was discussed.For the comparison of normally distributed data,Student’s t test was used,while non-parametric test(Wilcoxon test)for the non-normally distributed data and 2×2χ2or Fisher’s exact tests for the ratio.RESULTS:One-hundred and fifty(46.6%)PBC patients had one or more CTDs.The most common CTD was Sj gren’s syndrome(SS,121 cases,36.2%).There were nine cases of systemic sclerosis(SSc,2.8%),12of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE,3.7%),nine of rheumatoid arthritis(RA,2.8%),and 10 of polymyositis(PM,3.1%)in this cohort.Compared to patients with PBC only,the PBC+SS patients were more likely to have fever and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),higher serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels and more frequent rheumatoid factor(RF)and interstitial lung disease(ILD)incidences;PBC+SSc patients had higher frequency of ILD;PBC+SLE patients had lower white blood cell(WBC)count,hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and immunoglobulin M levels,but higher frequency of renal involvement;PBC+RA patients had lower Hb,higher serum IgG,alkaline phosphatase,faster ESR and a higher ratio of RF positivity;PBC+PM patients had higher WBC count and a tendency towards myocardial involvement.CONCLUSION:Besides the common liver manifestation of PBC,systemic involvement and overlaps with other CTDs are not infrequent in Chinese patients.When overlapping with other CTDs,PBC patients manifested some special clinical and laboratory features which may have effect on the prognosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61304120)
文摘Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system（HDARS） and an integral sliding mode backstepping controller design for the hose whipping phenomenon（HWP） during probe-drogue coupling are studied. Firstly, a dynamic model of the variable-length hose-drogue assembly is built for the sake of exploiting suppression methods for the whipping phenomenon.Based on the lumped parameter method, the hose is modeled by a series of variable-length links connected with frictionless joints. A set of iterative equations of the hose＇s three-dimensional motion is derived subject to hose reeling in/out, tanker motion, gravity, and aerodynamic loads accounting for the effects of steady wind, atmospheric turbulence, and tanker wake. Secondly,relying on a permanent magnet synchronous motor and high-precision position sensors, a new active control strategy for the HWP on the basis of the relative position between the tanker and the receiver is proposed. Considering the strict-feedback configuration of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, a rotor position control law based on the backstepping method is designed to insure global stability. An integral of the rotor position error and an exponential sliding mode reaching law of the current errors are applied to enhance control accuracy and robustness. Finally,the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and control laws.
基金the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire Stennis project(IND011523MS).
文摘The Normalized Diff erence Vegetation Index(NDVI),one of the earliest remote sensing analytical products used to simplify the complexities of multi-spectral imagery,is now the most popular index used for vegetation assessment.This popularity and widespread use relate to how an NDVI can be calculated with any multispectral sensor with a visible and a near-IR band.Increasingly low costs and weights of multispectral sensors mean they can be mounted on satellite,aerial,and increasingly—Unmanned Aerial Systems(UAS).While studies have found that the NDVI is effective for expressing vegetation status andquantified vegetation attributes,its widespread use and popularity,especially in UAS applications,carry inherent risks of misuse with end users who received little to no remote sensing education.This article summarizes the progress of NDVI acquisition,highlights the areas of NDVI application,and addresses the critical problems and considerations in using NDVI.Detailed discussion mainly covers three aspects:atmospheric eff ect,saturation phenomenon,and sensor factors.The use of NDVI can be highly eff ective as long as its limitations and capabilities are understood.This consideration is particularly important to the UAS user community.
