Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogen for which ceftriaxone is the only remaining recommended first-line therapy.However,ceftriaxone susceptibility has been waning in a number of countries ...Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogen for which ceftriaxone is the only remaining recommended first-line therapy.However,ceftriaxone susceptibility has been waning in a number of countries over the last decade and ceftriaxone treatment failures have been reported,commonly as a result of sporadic high-level ceftriaxone-resistant strains.In recent years,N.gonorrhoeae strains associated with the high-level ceftriaxone-resistant FC428 clone or strains that acquired its main ceftriaxone resistance determinant,penA allele 60.001,have shown global transmission,resulting in ceftriaxone treatment failure in a number of cases.The FC428 clone was first encountered in Japan in 2015 and subsequently in China,Europe,Australia,North America and Southeast Asia afterward.Strains associated with the FC428 clone commonly display a ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5-1 mg/L.However,where penA alleles encountered in sporadic high-level ceftriaxone-resistant isolates induce an in vitro growth defect,penA allele 60.001 does not seem to affect in vitro growth.The limited impact of penA allele 60.001 on biological fitness might be associated with its successful global transmission.Although the FC428 clone displays high-level ceftriaxone resistance,most gonorrhea cases associatedwith this clone were still successfully curedwith ceftriaxonewhen intramuscular or intravenous doses of 500mg to 2 g were used.A successful alternative therapy seems to be ertapenem given at 1-g doses,although further clinical studies are required to validate ertapenemefficacy.This review summarizes the global transmission of strains associated with the FC428 clone and antimicrobial treatment of associated cases.展开更多
目的:探讨pen A X基因在淋球菌中对头孢曲松敏感性的影响。方法:构建重组质粒p ET-28apen A X,将重组质粒转化到淋球菌WHO P标准株,通过PCR进行鉴定。采用琼脂稀释法测定菌株对头孢曲松的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),观察转化了p ET-28a-pen A X...目的:探讨pen A X基因在淋球菌中对头孢曲松敏感性的影响。方法:构建重组质粒p ET-28apen A X,将重组质粒转化到淋球菌WHO P标准株,通过PCR进行鉴定。采用琼脂稀释法测定菌株对头孢曲松的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),观察转化了p ET-28a-pen A X质粒的淋球菌对头孢曲松敏感性的变化。结果:成功构建p ET-28a-pen A X重组质粒,并成功转化了淋球菌WHO P标准株。药敏结果显示转化了p ET-28a-pen A X质粒的淋球菌比对照株(p ET-28a-pen A和p ET-28a转化株)对头孢曲松的MIC值提高了3.75倍。结论:pen A X基因降低了淋球菌WHO P标准株对头孢曲松的敏感性。展开更多
The drug problem has gradually penetrated into Mexican politics,economy,culture,and other fields since the 20th century,and has become an important factor affecting Mexico’s development.Enrique Pe?a Nieto took office...The drug problem has gradually penetrated into Mexican politics,economy,culture,and other fields since the 20th century,and has become an important factor affecting Mexico’s development.Enrique Pe?a Nieto took office in 2012,and implemented a new anti-drug policy.His government has made reducing violence a major goal of the anti-drug operation,using the national gendarmerie to counter the drug violence,and reforming the judiciary to prevention crime.Enrique Pe?a Nieto’s anti-drug policy has achieved certain results at the beginning of his term.However,the weakness of the national gendarmerie,corruption,and the sluggish economic development have affected the anti-drug policy,and caused it to fail.The drug problem in Mexico is affected by multiple factors,and its solution is a long one.展开更多
【目的】建立一种识别、检测致敏蛋白的新方法。【方法】Pen a 1为虾中主要的致敏蛋白,从其5个主要IgE结合区中选择一段具有代表性的(85—105位)含21个氨基酸的多肽序列,进行化学合成,将多肽分别与匙孔血蓝蛋白(KLH)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA...【目的】建立一种识别、检测致敏蛋白的新方法。【方法】Pen a 1为虾中主要的致敏蛋白,从其5个主要IgE结合区中选择一段具有代表性的(85—105位)含21个氨基酸的多肽序列,进行化学合成,将多肽分别与匙孔血蓝蛋白(KLH)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联,制得免疫原和包被原,免疫原免疫新西兰纯种白兔得到多克隆抗体。以刀额新对虾蛋白、卵清蛋白、花生蛋白和牛奶蛋白为样品,免疫印迹鉴定多克隆抗体对刀额新对虾中Pen a 1蛋白的特异性。【结果】经Ellman试剂测定多肽与KLH、BSA的偶联比分别为12﹕1和8﹕1。间接非竞争ELISA测定多克隆抗体的效价达1.024×106,间接竞争ELISA(icELISA)测定该多克隆抗体对多肽的IC50和IC10分别为0.4324μg.mL-1和0.0004μg.mL-1,表明多克隆抗体对多肽具有较强的灵敏性。免疫印迹试验结果表明,此多克隆抗体仅可识别刀额新对虾蛋白中的Pen a 1蛋白,对所选其它物种蛋白无响应。【结论】通过人工合成多肽制备的抗体可用于目标致敏蛋白质的检测分析,该方法快捷灵敏,且具有较高的特异性。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 82272382,82150610507,82072320,81871695).
文摘Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogen for which ceftriaxone is the only remaining recommended first-line therapy.However,ceftriaxone susceptibility has been waning in a number of countries over the last decade and ceftriaxone treatment failures have been reported,commonly as a result of sporadic high-level ceftriaxone-resistant strains.In recent years,N.gonorrhoeae strains associated with the high-level ceftriaxone-resistant FC428 clone or strains that acquired its main ceftriaxone resistance determinant,penA allele 60.001,have shown global transmission,resulting in ceftriaxone treatment failure in a number of cases.The FC428 clone was first encountered in Japan in 2015 and subsequently in China,Europe,Australia,North America and Southeast Asia afterward.Strains associated with the FC428 clone commonly display a ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5-1 mg/L.However,where penA alleles encountered in sporadic high-level ceftriaxone-resistant isolates induce an in vitro growth defect,penA allele 60.001 does not seem to affect in vitro growth.The limited impact of penA allele 60.001 on biological fitness might be associated with its successful global transmission.Although the FC428 clone displays high-level ceftriaxone resistance,most gonorrhea cases associatedwith this clone were still successfully curedwith ceftriaxonewhen intramuscular or intravenous doses of 500mg to 2 g were used.A successful alternative therapy seems to be ertapenem given at 1-g doses,although further clinical studies are required to validate ertapenemefficacy.This review summarizes the global transmission of strains associated with the FC428 clone and antimicrobial treatment of associated cases.
文摘目的:探讨pen A X基因在淋球菌中对头孢曲松敏感性的影响。方法:构建重组质粒p ET-28apen A X,将重组质粒转化到淋球菌WHO P标准株,通过PCR进行鉴定。采用琼脂稀释法测定菌株对头孢曲松的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),观察转化了p ET-28a-pen A X质粒的淋球菌对头孢曲松敏感性的变化。结果:成功构建p ET-28a-pen A X重组质粒,并成功转化了淋球菌WHO P标准株。药敏结果显示转化了p ET-28a-pen A X质粒的淋球菌比对照株(p ET-28a-pen A和p ET-28a转化株)对头孢曲松的MIC值提高了3.75倍。结论:pen A X基因降低了淋球菌WHO P标准株对头孢曲松的敏感性。
文摘The drug problem has gradually penetrated into Mexican politics,economy,culture,and other fields since the 20th century,and has become an important factor affecting Mexico’s development.Enrique Pe?a Nieto took office in 2012,and implemented a new anti-drug policy.His government has made reducing violence a major goal of the anti-drug operation,using the national gendarmerie to counter the drug violence,and reforming the judiciary to prevention crime.Enrique Pe?a Nieto’s anti-drug policy has achieved certain results at the beginning of his term.However,the weakness of the national gendarmerie,corruption,and the sluggish economic development have affected the anti-drug policy,and caused it to fail.The drug problem in Mexico is affected by multiple factors,and its solution is a long one.
文摘【目的】建立一种识别、检测致敏蛋白的新方法。【方法】Pen a 1为虾中主要的致敏蛋白,从其5个主要IgE结合区中选择一段具有代表性的(85—105位)含21个氨基酸的多肽序列,进行化学合成,将多肽分别与匙孔血蓝蛋白(KLH)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联,制得免疫原和包被原,免疫原免疫新西兰纯种白兔得到多克隆抗体。以刀额新对虾蛋白、卵清蛋白、花生蛋白和牛奶蛋白为样品,免疫印迹鉴定多克隆抗体对刀额新对虾中Pen a 1蛋白的特异性。【结果】经Ellman试剂测定多肽与KLH、BSA的偶联比分别为12﹕1和8﹕1。间接非竞争ELISA测定多克隆抗体的效价达1.024×106,间接竞争ELISA(icELISA)测定该多克隆抗体对多肽的IC50和IC10分别为0.4324μg.mL-1和0.0004μg.mL-1,表明多克隆抗体对多肽具有较强的灵敏性。免疫印迹试验结果表明,此多克隆抗体仅可识别刀额新对虾蛋白中的Pen a 1蛋白,对所选其它物种蛋白无响应。【结论】通过人工合成多肽制备的抗体可用于目标致敏蛋白质的检测分析,该方法快捷灵敏,且具有较高的特异性。
