Objective Findings from the previous studies have suggested a relationship between ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase /phosphodiesterase 1 （ENPP‐1） or plasma cell membrane glycoprotein 1 （PC‐1） gene single nucleotid...Objective Findings from the previous studies have suggested a relationship between ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase /phosphodiesterase 1 （ENPP‐1） or plasma cell membrane glycoprotein 1 （PC‐1） gene single nucleotide polymorphism （K121Q, rs1044498） and genetic susceptibility to obesity. However, such relationship is not reproduced by some currently available studies. In this context, the present study is aimed to quantitatively analyze the association of K121Q variant with obesity in all published case‐control studies in European adult populations. Methods Published literature from PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI web of science databases were retrieved. The studies evaluating the association of ENPP1/PC1 gene K121Q polymorphism with obesity were included, in which sufficient data were presented to calculate the odds ratio （OR） with 95% confidence intervals （CIs）. Results Ten case‐control studies meeting the inclusion criteria identified a total of 24,324 subjects including 11,372 obese and 12,952 control subjects. The meta‐analysis results showed a statistically significant association of K121Q with obesity [OR （95%CI）： 1.25 （1.04‐1.52） P=0.021] under a recessive model of inheritance （QQ vs. KK＋KQ） without heterogeneity or publication bias. Conclusions The results from the present study have indicated that ENPP1/PC1 Q121 variant may increase the risk of obesity and that more well‐designed studies based on a larger population will be required to further evaluate the role of ENPP1/PC1 gene K121Q polymorphism in obesity and other related metabolic syndromes.展开更多
Because crystalline silicon thin film （CSiTF） solar cells possess the advantages of crystalline silicon solar cells such as high ef- ficiency and stable performance and those of thin film solar cells such as low cos...Because crystalline silicon thin film （CSiTF） solar cells possess the advantages of crystalline silicon solar cells such as high ef- ficiency and stable performance and those of thin film solar cells such as low cost and so on, it is regarded as the next genera- tion solar cell technology, which is most likely to replace the existing crystalline silicon solar cell technology. In this paper, we performed device simulation on the epitaxial CSiTF solar cell by using PCI D software. In order to make simulation results closer to the actual situation, we adopted a more realistic device structure and parameters. On this basis, we comprehensively and systematically investigated the effect of physical parameters of back surface field （BSF） layer, base and emitter, electrical quality of crystalline silicon active layer, situation of surface passivation, internal recombination and p-n junction leakage on the optoelectronic performance of the epitaxial CSiTF solar cell. Among various factors affecting the efficiency of the epitaxial CSiTF solar cell, we identified the three largest efficiency-affecting parameters. They are the base minority carrier diffusion length, the diode dark saturation current and the front surface recombination velocity in order. Through simulations, we found that the base is not the thicker the better, and the base minority carrier diffusion length must be taken into account when deter- mining the optimal base thickness. When the base minority carrier diffusion length is smaller, the optimal base thickness should be less than or equal to the base minority carrier diffusion length; when the base minority carrier diffusion length is larger, the base minority carrier diffusion length should be at least twice the optimal base thickness. In addition, this paper not only illustrates the simulation results but also explains their changes from the aspect of physical mechanisms. Because epitaxi- al CSiTF solar cells possess a device structure that is similar to crystalline silicon solar cells, the con展开更多
通过PC1D模拟和实验的方法分析了经臭氧氧化的和未经臭氧氧化具有抗PID效应的氮化硅减反射膜单晶硅太阳电池的反射率、外量子效率和电学特性。模拟结果表明,经臭氧氧化的氮化硅减反射膜的减反射效果和外量子效率优于未经臭氧氧化的氮化...通过PC1D模拟和实验的方法分析了经臭氧氧化的和未经臭氧氧化具有抗PID效应的氮化硅减反射膜单晶硅太阳电池的反射率、外量子效率和电学特性。模拟结果表明,经臭氧氧化的氮化硅减反射膜的减反射效果和外量子效率优于未经臭氧氧化的氮化硅减反射膜减反射效果和外量子效率。实验测试表明,反射率测试与模拟结果一致;相比未经臭氧氧化的氮化硅减反射膜晶硅太阳电池,经臭氧氧化的氮化硅减反射膜太电池其短路电流、填充因子和转换效率分别增加了6 m A、0.03%和0.04%。展开更多
利用TFC光学膜系设计软件,设计出空间用GaInP/(In)GaAs/Ge三结太阳电池的分布式布拉格反射器(DBR)。由15对Al0.2Ga0.8As/Al0.9Ga0.1As组成的布拉格反射器在中心波长850 nm处反射率高达96%,可以使800~900 nm波段内红外光有效反射后被二...利用TFC光学膜系设计软件,设计出空间用GaInP/(In)GaAs/Ge三结太阳电池的分布式布拉格反射器(DBR)。由15对Al0.2Ga0.8As/Al0.9Ga0.1As组成的布拉格反射器在中心波长850 nm处反射率高达96%,可以使800~900 nm波段内红外光有效反射后被二次吸收,提高了Ga As子电池的抗辐照能力。通过对两种电池结构A、B地面模拟辐照试验获得1 Me V电子辐照下Ga In P/Ga As/Ge太阳电池电学参数随辐照注量退化的基本规律。在此基础上应用PC1D模拟程序分析太阳电池内部的载流子输运机理,建立1 Me V电子辐照下两种电池结构中多数载流子浓度和少数载流子扩散长度随辐照电子注量变化的基本规律。研究结果表明,多数载流子浓度和少数载流子扩散长度均随入射电子注量的增大而减小,同时原电池结构A中多数载流子去除率和少数载流子扩散长度损伤系数明显高于新电池结构B,由此表明包含布拉格反射器的新电池结构具有更强的抗辐照能力。展开更多
The performance of internal rear surface reflectance of crystalline silicon solar cells is becoming more and more important with the decrease of thickness of the silicon wafers. In this paper PC1D was used to simulate...The performance of internal rear surface reflectance of crystalline silicon solar cells is becoming more and more important with the decrease of thickness of the silicon wafers. In this paper PC1D was used to simulate the correlations between the rear surface reflectance and the electrical as well as optical properties of the solar cells. The results showed that the short circuit current, open circuit voltage and quantum efficiency were all enhanced with the increase of the rear reflectance. When the rear reflectance increased from 60% to 100%, the short circuit current, open circuit voltage and maximum output power were improved by about 0.128 A, 0.007 V, and 0.066 W, respectively. The internal quantum efficiency was improved by 39.9%, the external quantum increased by 17.4%, and the efficiency of the solar cells was enhanced by 0.4% at 1100 nm wavelength. The screen-printing was selected to prepare SiNx/Al reflector, and experimental results showed that the SiNx/Al reflector has desired characteristic of internal rear reflectance, with the reflectivity of 15% higher than that of conventional aluminum BSF at 1100 nm wavelength.展开更多
对83只引入青海火鸡五种血液无机离子含量进行了测定,结果:全血铁(BFe++)9.02±1.19 mm o l/L,全血钾(BK+)32.04±5.51 mm o l/L,血浆总钙(PTCa++)2.77±0.54mm o l/L,血浆游离钙(PFCa++)0.51±0.04 mm o l/L,血浆结合...对83只引入青海火鸡五种血液无机离子含量进行了测定,结果:全血铁(BFe++)9.02±1.19 mm o l/L,全血钾(BK+)32.04±5.51 mm o l/L,血浆总钙(PTCa++)2.77±0.54mm o l/L,血浆游离钙(PFCa++)0.51±0.04 mm o l/L,血浆结合钙(PBCa++)19.44±4.58mm o l/L,血浆游离钙(PFCa++百分率19.44±4.85%,血浆无机磷(PP)3.12±0.43 mm o l/L,血浆氯化物(PCT)108.84±13.58 mm o l/L。展开更多
随着Linux地不断推陈出新，已经有越来越多的人喜欢上了这个美丽的小企鹅，但对于熟悉了Windows的朋友们来说，如何才能在Windows中看到窗外的小企鹅，又如何才能让小企鹅走进视窗呢?在本文中，就将和大家一起探讨如何在Linux(本文为小...随着Linux地不断推陈出新，已经有越来越多的人喜欢上了这个美丽的小企鹅，但对于熟悉了Windows的朋友们来说，如何才能在Windows中看到窗外的小企鹅，又如何才能让小企鹅走进视窗呢?在本文中，就将和大家一起探讨如何在Linux(本文为小红帽Red Hat PC1)Windows中实现资源共享。展开更多
文摘Objective Findings from the previous studies have suggested a relationship between ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase /phosphodiesterase 1 （ENPP‐1） or plasma cell membrane glycoprotein 1 （PC‐1） gene single nucleotide polymorphism （K121Q, rs1044498） and genetic susceptibility to obesity. However, such relationship is not reproduced by some currently available studies. In this context, the present study is aimed to quantitatively analyze the association of K121Q variant with obesity in all published case‐control studies in European adult populations. Methods Published literature from PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI web of science databases were retrieved. The studies evaluating the association of ENPP1/PC1 gene K121Q polymorphism with obesity were included, in which sufficient data were presented to calculate the odds ratio （OR） with 95% confidence intervals （CIs）. Results Ten case‐control studies meeting the inclusion criteria identified a total of 24,324 subjects including 11,372 obese and 12,952 control subjects. The meta‐analysis results showed a statistically significant association of K121Q with obesity [OR （95%CI）： 1.25 （1.04‐1.52） P=0.021] under a recessive model of inheritance （QQ vs. KK＋KQ） without heterogeneity or publication bias. Conclusions The results from the present study have indicated that ENPP1/PC1 Q121 variant may increase the risk of obesity and that more well‐designed studies based on a larger population will be required to further evaluate the role of ENPP1/PC1 gene K121Q polymorphism in obesity and other related metabolic syndromes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50802118)Science & Technology Research Project of Guangdong Province (Grant Nos. 2011A032304001,2010B090400020)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2011300003161469)
文摘Because crystalline silicon thin film （CSiTF） solar cells possess the advantages of crystalline silicon solar cells such as high ef- ficiency and stable performance and those of thin film solar cells such as low cost and so on, it is regarded as the next genera- tion solar cell technology, which is most likely to replace the existing crystalline silicon solar cell technology. In this paper, we performed device simulation on the epitaxial CSiTF solar cell by using PCI D software. In order to make simulation results closer to the actual situation, we adopted a more realistic device structure and parameters. On this basis, we comprehensively and systematically investigated the effect of physical parameters of back surface field （BSF） layer, base and emitter, electrical quality of crystalline silicon active layer, situation of surface passivation, internal recombination and p-n junction leakage on the optoelectronic performance of the epitaxial CSiTF solar cell. Among various factors affecting the efficiency of the epitaxial CSiTF solar cell, we identified the three largest efficiency-affecting parameters. They are the base minority carrier diffusion length, the diode dark saturation current and the front surface recombination velocity in order. Through simulations, we found that the base is not the thicker the better, and the base minority carrier diffusion length must be taken into account when deter- mining the optimal base thickness. When the base minority carrier diffusion length is smaller, the optimal base thickness should be less than or equal to the base minority carrier diffusion length; when the base minority carrier diffusion length is larger, the base minority carrier diffusion length should be at least twice the optimal base thickness. In addition, this paper not only illustrates the simulation results but also explains their changes from the aspect of physical mechanisms. Because epitaxi- al CSiTF solar cells possess a device structure that is similar to crystalline silicon solar cells, the con
文摘通过PC1D模拟和实验的方法分析了经臭氧氧化的和未经臭氧氧化具有抗PID效应的氮化硅减反射膜单晶硅太阳电池的反射率、外量子效率和电学特性。模拟结果表明,经臭氧氧化的氮化硅减反射膜的减反射效果和外量子效率优于未经臭氧氧化的氮化硅减反射膜减反射效果和外量子效率。实验测试表明,反射率测试与模拟结果一致;相比未经臭氧氧化的氮化硅减反射膜晶硅太阳电池,经臭氧氧化的氮化硅减反射膜太电池其短路电流、填充因子和转换效率分别增加了6 m A、0.03%和0.04%。
文摘利用TFC光学膜系设计软件,设计出空间用GaInP/(In)GaAs/Ge三结太阳电池的分布式布拉格反射器(DBR)。由15对Al0.2Ga0.8As/Al0.9Ga0.1As组成的布拉格反射器在中心波长850 nm处反射率高达96%,可以使800~900 nm波段内红外光有效反射后被二次吸收,提高了Ga As子电池的抗辐照能力。通过对两种电池结构A、B地面模拟辐照试验获得1 Me V电子辐照下Ga In P/Ga As/Ge太阳电池电学参数随辐照注量退化的基本规律。在此基础上应用PC1D模拟程序分析太阳电池内部的载流子输运机理,建立1 Me V电子辐照下两种电池结构中多数载流子浓度和少数载流子扩散长度随辐照电子注量变化的基本规律。研究结果表明,多数载流子浓度和少数载流子扩散长度均随入射电子注量的增大而减小,同时原电池结构A中多数载流子去除率和少数载流子扩散长度损伤系数明显高于新电池结构B,由此表明包含布拉格反射器的新电池结构具有更强的抗辐照能力。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60876044)the Scientific and Technological Key Research Projects of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2007A010700002)
文摘The performance of internal rear surface reflectance of crystalline silicon solar cells is becoming more and more important with the decrease of thickness of the silicon wafers. In this paper PC1D was used to simulate the correlations between the rear surface reflectance and the electrical as well as optical properties of the solar cells. The results showed that the short circuit current, open circuit voltage and quantum efficiency were all enhanced with the increase of the rear reflectance. When the rear reflectance increased from 60% to 100%, the short circuit current, open circuit voltage and maximum output power were improved by about 0.128 A, 0.007 V, and 0.066 W, respectively. The internal quantum efficiency was improved by 39.9%, the external quantum increased by 17.4%, and the efficiency of the solar cells was enhanced by 0.4% at 1100 nm wavelength. The screen-printing was selected to prepare SiNx/Al reflector, and experimental results showed that the SiNx/Al reflector has desired characteristic of internal rear reflectance, with the reflectivity of 15% higher than that of conventional aluminum BSF at 1100 nm wavelength.
文摘对83只引入青海火鸡五种血液无机离子含量进行了测定,结果:全血铁(BFe++)9.02±1.19 mm o l/L,全血钾(BK+)32.04±5.51 mm o l/L,血浆总钙(PTCa++)2.77±0.54mm o l/L,血浆游离钙(PFCa++)0.51±0.04 mm o l/L,血浆结合钙(PBCa++)19.44±4.58mm o l/L,血浆游离钙(PFCa++百分率19.44±4.85%,血浆无机磷(PP)3.12±0.43 mm o l/L,血浆氯化物(PCT)108.84±13.58 mm o l/L。
文摘随着Linux地不断推陈出新，已经有越来越多的人喜欢上了这个美丽的小企鹅，但对于熟悉了Windows的朋友们来说，如何才能在Windows中看到窗外的小企鹅，又如何才能让小企鹅走进视窗呢?在本文中，就将和大家一起探讨如何在Linux(本文为小红帽Red Hat PC1)Windows中实现资源共享。
