In this paper, we have designed and simulated all-optical tristate Pauli X, Y and Z gates using 2D photonic crystal. Simple line and point defects have been used to design the structure. The performance of the structu...In this paper, we have designed and simulated all-optical tristate Pauli X, Y and Z gates using 2D photonic crystal. Simple line and point defects have been used to design the structure. The performance of the structure has been analyzed and investigated by plane wave expansion(PWE) and finite difference time domain(FDTD) methods. Different performance parameters, namely contrast ratio(CR), rise time, fall time, delay time, response time and bit rate, have been calculated. The main advantage of the proposed design is that all the Pauli gates have been realized from a single structure. Due to compact size, fast response time, good CR and high bit rate, the proposed structure can be highly useful for optical computing, data processing and optical integrated circuits.展开更多
We study the construction of mutually unbiased bases in Hilbert space for composite dimensions d which are not prime powers.We explore the results for composite dimensions which are true for prime power dimensions.We ...We study the construction of mutually unbiased bases in Hilbert space for composite dimensions d which are not prime powers.We explore the results for composite dimensions which are true for prime power dimensions.We then provide a method for selecting mutually unbiased vectors from the eigenvectors of generalized Pauli matrices to construct mutually unbiased bases.In particular,we present four mutually unbiased bases in C^(15).展开更多
The classical Pauli particle(CPP) serves as a slow manifold, substituting the conventional guiding center dynamics. Based on the CPP, we utilize the averaged vector field(AVF) method in the computations of drift orbit...The classical Pauli particle(CPP) serves as a slow manifold, substituting the conventional guiding center dynamics. Based on the CPP, we utilize the averaged vector field(AVF) method in the computations of drift orbits. Demonstrating significantly higher efficiency, this advanced method is capable of accomplishing the simulation in less than one-third of the time of directly computing the guiding center motion. In contrast to the CPP-based Boris algorithm, this approach inherits the advantages of the AVF method, yielding stable trajectories even achieved with a tenfold time step and reducing the energy error by two orders of magnitude. By comparing these two CPP algorithms with the traditional RK4 method, the numerical results indicate a remarkable performance in terms of both the computational efficiency and error elimination. Moreover, we verify the properties of slow manifold integrators and successfully observe the bounce on both sides of the limiting slow manifold with deliberately chosen perturbed initial conditions. To evaluate the practical value of the methods, we conduct simulations in non-axisymmetric perturbation magnetic fields as part of the experiments,demonstrating that our CPP-based AVF method can handle simulations under complex magnetic field configurations with high accuracy, which the CPP-based Boris algorithm lacks. Through numerical experiments, we demonstrate that the CPP can replace guiding center dynamics in using energy-preserving algorithms for computations, providing a new, efficient, as well as stable approach for applying structure-preserving algorithms in plasma simulations.展开更多
Pauli’s work on the dynamical symmetry of three-dimensional hydrogen atom is extended to the hydrogen atom in n-dimensional space(n≥2). It is shown that the n-dimensional hydrogen atom has SO(n+1) dynamical symmetry...Pauli’s work on the dynamical symmetry of three-dimensional hydrogen atom is extended to the hydrogen atom in n-dimensional space(n≥2). It is shown that the n-dimensional hydrogen atom has SO(n+1) dynamical symmetry. The expressions for the energy level and degeneracy arc given.展开更多
In the stabilizer formalism of fault-tolerant quantum computation,stabilizer states serve as classical objects,while magic states(non-stabilizer states)are a kind of quantum resource(called magic resource)for promotin...In the stabilizer formalism of fault-tolerant quantum computation,stabilizer states serve as classical objects,while magic states(non-stabilizer states)are a kind of quantum resource(called magic resource)for promoting stabilizer circuits to universal quantum computation.In this framework,the T-gate is widely used as a non-Clifford gate which generates magic resource from stabilizer states.A natural question arises as whether the T-gate is in some sense optimal for generating magic resource.We address this issue by employing an intuitive and computable quantifier of magic based on characteristic functions(Weyl transforms)of quantum states.We demonstrate that the qubit T-gate,as well as its qutrit extension,the qutrit T-gate,are indeed optimal for generating magic resource among the class of diagonal unitary operators.Moreover,up to Clifford equivalence,the T-gate is essentially the only gate having such an optimal property.This reveals some intrinsic optimal features of the T-gate.We further compare the T-gate with general unitary gates for generating magic resource.展开更多
In order to investigate the elastic scattering,we fit scattering observables of the weighted fits(WF16)with the relativistic Love-Franey(RLF)model.The masses,cutoff parameters,and initial coupling strengths of RLF are...In order to investigate the elastic scattering,we fit scattering observables of the weighted fits(WF16)with the relativistic Love-Franey(RLF)model.The masses,cutoff parameters,and initial coupling strengths of RLF are assumed to be independent of energy.Because the energy boundary between low energy and high energy is around 200 Me V,the masses,cutoff parameters,and initial coupling strengths of RLF are obtained by fitting scattering observables of WF16 at an incident energy of 200 MeV.With the masses,cutoff parameters,and initial coupling strengths as the input,the energy-dependent RLF model is constructed over the laboratory energy range of 20 to 800MeV within a unified fit.To examine the validity of this fit,we investigate p+^(208)Pbelastic scattering for various energies.Although the scattering observables of pp and pn of 200 MeV best fit the values of WF16,the RLF model of 200 MeV without the Pauli blocking(PB)corrections fails to describe the experimental differential cross sections,analyzing powers,and spinrotation functions.When the PB corrections are taken into account for various energies,the RLF model can well describe the experimental data of p+^(208)Pbelastic scattering.展开更多
For a 2^n-dimensional complex Hermitian vector space S, we prove that any unitary basis of S can be explained as an augmented spinor structure on S. By using this explanation, a SpinC（2n）- action on S is equivalent ...For a 2^n-dimensional complex Hermitian vector space S, we prove that any unitary basis of S can be explained as an augmented spinor structure on S. By using this explanation, a SpinC（2n）- action on S is equivalent to an action on a subset of augmented spinor structures. The latter action is a little easy to be understood, and is shown in the last part of this paper. Such kind of understanding could be of use to the discussions of Hermitian manifolds and spin manifolds, especially could help to find connections and elliptical operators.展开更多
Recently, 12442 system of Fe-based superconductors has attracted considerable attention owing to its unique double-Fe As-layer structure. A steep increase in the in-plane upper critical field with cooling has been obs...Recently, 12442 system of Fe-based superconductors has attracted considerable attention owing to its unique double-Fe As-layer structure. A steep increase in the in-plane upper critical field with cooling has been observed near the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, in KCa2Fe4As4F2 single crystals. Herein, we report a high-field investigation on upper critical field of this material over a wide temperature range, and both out-of-plane(H∥c, Hc2c) and in-plane(H∥ab, Hc2ab ) directions have been measured.A sublinear temperature-dependent behavior is observed for the out-of-plane Hc2c , whereas strong convex curvature with cooling is observed for the in-plane Hc2ab . Such behaviors could not be described by the conventional Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg(WHH) model. The data analysis based on the WHH model by considering the spin aspects reveals a large Maki parameter α=9,indicating that the in-plane upper critical field is affected by a very strong Pauli paramagnetic effect.展开更多
The approach proposed in the study is based on the revision of the concept of time as a point on the real axis. It uses the concept of fuzzy time as the set of real numbers with a finite, but not equal to one, functio...The approach proposed in the study is based on the revision of the concept of time as a point on the real axis. It uses the concept of fuzzy time as the set of real numbers with a finite, but not equal to one, function of membership to the time set, i.e. the fuzzy time concept. It is postulated that in fuzzy time t the system dynamics follows from the standard variational principle of the least action and is ordinary Hamilton-Jacobi mechanics. This validates the passage to the limit from fuzzy mechanics to ordinary variational conservative mechanics. The Liouville equation is solved by the method of successive approximations in the time domain of a much larger characteristic scale of fuzziness, using interaction as a small parameter. A standard diagram technique is used. It can be shown that the defuzzification of the Liouville equation inevitably reduces the reversible part in the description to the irreversible evolutionary equation. The latter leads to the second law of thermodynamics. Generalization to the quantum case is possible, i.e. the so-called fuzzy Pauli equation can be drawn.展开更多
By assuming the cosmological principle includes the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) and that the initial singularity existed within Planck time and length scales, a model for inflationary expansion is argued using onl...By assuming the cosmological principle includes the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) and that the initial singularity existed within Planck time and length scales, a model for inflationary expansion is argued using only standard model physics without any changes to general relativity. All Fermionic matter is forced by the PEP to make a quantum transition to minimally orthogonal states in sequential Planck time intervals. This results in an initial inflation effect due to nearest neighbor quantum transitions which is then exacerbated by matter and antimatter creation effects due to collisions giving rise to the observational effects of universal inflation. The model provides a mechanistic explanation for primordial expansion using only physics from the standard model, specifically utilizing the PEP as a repulsion force between indistinguishable fermions. The present theory offers the benefit of not requiring any particles or fields outside of the standard model nor utilizing changes to general relativity. More succinctly, this theory goes beyond simply offering a mathematical representation (or fit) of the functional dependence but rather offers a mechanistic model to drive inflation using only standard model physics.展开更多
At low temperature and under weak magnetic field, non-interacting Fermi gases reveal both Pauli paramagnetism and Landau diamagnetism, and the magnitude of the diamagnetic susceptibility is 1/3 of that of the paramagn...At low temperature and under weak magnetic field, non-interacting Fermi gases reveal both Pauli paramagnetism and Landau diamagnetism, and the magnitude of the diamagnetic susceptibility is 1/3 of that of the paramagnetic one. When the temperature is finite and the magnetic field is also finite, we demonstrate that the paramagnetism and diamagnetism start to deviate from the ratio 1/3. For understanding the magnetic properties of an ideal Fermi gas at quite low temperature and under quite weak magnetic field, we work out explicitly the third-order magnetic susceptibility in three cases, from intrinsic spin, orbital motion and in total. An interesting property is in third-order magnetic susceptibilities: when viewing individually, they are both diamagnetic, but in total it is paramagnetic.展开更多
In this paper, based on the Pauli matrices, a notion of augmented spinor space is introduced, and a uniqueness of such augmented spinor space of rank n is proved. It may be expected that this new notion of spaces can ...In this paper, based on the Pauli matrices, a notion of augmented spinor space is introduced, and a uniqueness of such augmented spinor space of rank n is proved. It may be expected that this new notion of spaces can be used in mathematical physics and geometry.展开更多
The ESR signal of lithium intercalated MCMB can be well simulated by combination of a Lorentz curve and a Gauss curve. The ESR intensity of the Lorentz component is essentially independent of temperature while the Gau...The ESR signal of lithium intercalated MCMB can be well simulated by combination of a Lorentz curve and a Gauss curve. The ESR intensity of the Lorentz component is essentially independent of temperature while the Gauss component shows a linear change with the reciprocal of temperature, indicative of Pauli spin and Curie spin, respectively. The former is probably associated with the ordered (graphitized) structures while the latter with the disordered structures in the sample.展开更多
An N-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger(GHZ) state has many applications in various quantum information tasks and can be realized in different experimental schemes. A GHZ diagonal state evolves to another GHZ diagona...An N-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger(GHZ) state has many applications in various quantum information tasks and can be realized in different experimental schemes. A GHZ diagonal state evolves to another GHZ diagonal state in independent parallel Pauli channels. We give the explicit expression of the resultant GHZ diagonal state in terms of the initial state and channel parameters. If the initial state is a pure N qubit GHZ state or a three-qubit GHZ diagonal state admits a condition, the full separability criterion of the Pauli noisy state is equivalent to positive partial transpose(PPT)criterion. Thus the fully separable condition follows.展开更多
Quantum logic gates are the basic building blocks of quantum computing system.Single qubit Pauli-X,Y and Z quantum gates are very much well known in quantum computing community.In this paper,we develop tri-state Pauli...Quantum logic gates are the basic building blocks of quantum computing system.Single qubit Pauli-X,Y and Z quantum gates are very much well known in quantum computing community.In this paper,we develop tri-state Pauli-X,Y and Z quantum gates using phase encoding technique of light.This phase encoding mechanism makes the implementation of those gates easier even with tri-state approach.As light is used for signal representation,one can exploit the parallelism in operation.展开更多
An assumption that <em>all</em> the six flavour quarks are attributed to be the components of <em>a same, a</em> <em>common</em> isospin multiplets space named <strong>STS<...An assumption that <em>all</em> the six flavour quarks are attributed to be the components of <em>a same, a</em> <em>common</em> isospin multiplets space named <strong>STS</strong> is proposed. Base on <strong>Pauli Exclusion Principle</strong>, every quark is assigned to different flavour marks in STS. Every flavour quark possesses <em>its own colour spectral line array</em> specially appointed. The collection of colour spectral line arrays of the six flavour quarks constructs together the <strong>CSDF</strong>, Colour Spectrum Diagram of Flavour, further baryons and mesons could be constructed from <strong>CSDF</strong>. STS, Spin Topological Space is a math frame with infinite dimensional matrix representation for spin angular momentum. Flavours is an isospin angular momentum coupling phenomena of the three-colour-quarks.展开更多
In this report, different models of bonding and structure such as Lewis, VSEPR, Ligand close packing (LCP), VB, qualitative MO and QTAIM have been applied to analyze the Bonds and structures of two equilibrium geometr...In this report, different models of bonding and structure such as Lewis, VSEPR, Ligand close packing (LCP), VB, qualitative MO and QTAIM have been applied to analyze the Bonds and structures of two equilibrium geometries (planar D2h and perpendicular D2d) of C2H42+. The geometries were optimized at near RHF and MP2 limit using ccpVTZ basis set. While the above bonding models are successfully applied for predicting the low energy isomers of molecules, prior to solving the Schr?dinger equation, it is shown that the cited models fail in predicting the existence of perpendicular, D2d form of C2H42+. In this regard the interpretations of significant energetic stabilization of D2d form over planar isomer has also been revisited. This is attributed to the hidden effect of the Pauli Exclusion principle.展开更多
For the polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry (PoIInSAR) processing, it is necessary to coregister all the images, including the coregistration of polarimetric SAR images and the coregistration of inter...For the polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry (PoIInSAR) processing, it is necessary to coregister all the images, including the coregistration of polarimetric SAR images and the coregistration of interferometric SAR images. Otherwise, the performance of the estimated optimal interferograms will be deteriorated. A generalized scattering vector (GSV) model is proposed to execute the PoIInSAR optimal interferograms estimation. The generalized scattering vector is constructed by the Pauli scattering vectors of the processing pixel and the surrounding pixels. Even though there are coregistration errors, all the polarimetric information of the current processing pixel is entirely included in the generalized scattering vector. Therefore, the GSV-based method can automatically recover the optimal scattering mechanisms of the processing pixel with coregistration errors either in interferoemetric channels or polarimetric channels. Theoretical analysis and processing results of simulated PoISARPro data and real PALSAR data validate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.展开更多
Using the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock self-consistent field method and the relativistic configuration interaction method with quantum-electrodynamics corrections performed by the GRASP code, we calculate the fine-s...Using the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock self-consistent field method and the relativistic configuration interaction method with quantum-electrodynamics corrections performed by the GRASP code, we calculate the fine-structure energy levels of the ground-state configuration （1s^22s^22p^3） of the nitrogen isoelectronic sequence, according to the L-S coupling scheme with atomic number Z up to 22. Based on the calculated results, we elucidate the mechanism of the orderings of fine-structure energy levels of 2^ D3/2,5/2 and 2^P1/2,3/2 respectively, i.e. for 2^D3/2,5/2 orderings, the competition between the spin-orbit interactions and the Breit interactions; for 2^P1/2,3/2 orderings, the electron correlations, especially the electron correlations owing to the 2p^5 configuration interactions.展开更多
We propose to deploy limits that arise from different tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle： i） to provide theories of quantum gravity with experimental guidance; ii） to distinguish, among the plethora of possible...We propose to deploy limits that arise from different tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle： i） to provide theories of quantum gravity with experimental guidance; ii） to distinguish, among the plethora of possible models, the ones that are already ruled out by current data; iii） to direct future attempts to be in accordance with experimental constraints. We first review experimental bounds on nuclear processes forbidden by the Pauli Exclusion Principle,which have been derived by several experimental collaborations making use of various detector materials. Distinct features of the experimental devices entail sensitivities on the constraints hitherto achieved that may differ from one another by several orders of magnitude. We show that with choices of these limits, well-known examples of flat noncommutative space-time instantiations of quantum gravity can be heavily constrained, and eventually ruled out.We devote particular attention to the analysis of the κ-Minkowski and θ-Minkowski noncommutative spacetimes.These are deeply connected to some scenarios in string theory, loop quantum gravity, and noncommutative geometry.We emphasize that the severe constraints on these quantum spacetimes, although they cannot rule out theories of top-down quantum gravity to which they are connected in various ways, provide a powerful limitation for those models. Focus on this will be necessary in the future.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we have designed and simulated all-optical tristate Pauli X, Y and Z gates using 2D photonic crystal. Simple line and point defects have been used to design the structure. The performance of the structure has been analyzed and investigated by plane wave expansion(PWE) and finite difference time domain(FDTD) methods. Different performance parameters, namely contrast ratio(CR), rise time, fall time, delay time, response time and bit rate, have been calculated. The main advantage of the proposed design is that all the Pauli gates have been realized from a single structure. Due to compact size, fast response time, good CR and high bit rate, the proposed structure can be highly useful for optical computing, data processing and optical integrated circuits.
基金Project supported by Zhoukou Normal University,ChinaHigh Level Talents Research Start Funding Project (Grant No.ZKNUC2022010)+2 种基金Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Province (Grant No.22B110022)Key Research and Development Project of Guangdong Province (Grant No.2020B0303300001)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2020B1515310016)。
文摘We study the construction of mutually unbiased bases in Hilbert space for composite dimensions d which are not prime powers.We explore the results for composite dimensions which are true for prime power dimensions.We then provide a method for selecting mutually unbiased vectors from the eigenvectors of generalized Pauli matrices to construct mutually unbiased bases.In particular,we present four mutually unbiased bases in C^(15).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11975068 and 11925501)the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFE03090000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. DUT22ZD215)。
文摘The classical Pauli particle(CPP) serves as a slow manifold, substituting the conventional guiding center dynamics. Based on the CPP, we utilize the averaged vector field(AVF) method in the computations of drift orbits. Demonstrating significantly higher efficiency, this advanced method is capable of accomplishing the simulation in less than one-third of the time of directly computing the guiding center motion. In contrast to the CPP-based Boris algorithm, this approach inherits the advantages of the AVF method, yielding stable trajectories even achieved with a tenfold time step and reducing the energy error by two orders of magnitude. By comparing these two CPP algorithms with the traditional RK4 method, the numerical results indicate a remarkable performance in terms of both the computational efficiency and error elimination. Moreover, we verify the properties of slow manifold integrators and successfully observe the bounce on both sides of the limiting slow manifold with deliberately chosen perturbed initial conditions. To evaluate the practical value of the methods, we conduct simulations in non-axisymmetric perturbation magnetic fields as part of the experiments,demonstrating that our CPP-based AVF method can handle simulations under complex magnetic field configurations with high accuracy, which the CPP-based Boris algorithm lacks. Through numerical experiments, we demonstrate that the CPP can replace guiding center dynamics in using energy-preserving algorithms for computations, providing a new, efficient, as well as stable approach for applying structure-preserving algorithms in plasma simulations.
文摘Pauli’s work on the dynamical symmetry of three-dimensional hydrogen atom is extended to the hydrogen atom in n-dimensional space(n≥2). It is shown that the n-dimensional hydrogen atom has SO(n+1) dynamical symmetry. The expressions for the energy level and degeneracy arc given.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,Grant No.2020YFA0712700the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.11875317。
文摘In the stabilizer formalism of fault-tolerant quantum computation,stabilizer states serve as classical objects,while magic states(non-stabilizer states)are a kind of quantum resource(called magic resource)for promoting stabilizer circuits to universal quantum computation.In this framework,the T-gate is widely used as a non-Clifford gate which generates magic resource from stabilizer states.A natural question arises as whether the T-gate is in some sense optimal for generating magic resource.We address this issue by employing an intuitive and computable quantifier of magic based on characteristic functions(Weyl transforms)of quantum states.We demonstrate that the qubit T-gate,as well as its qutrit extension,the qutrit T-gate,are indeed optimal for generating magic resource among the class of diagonal unitary operators.Moreover,up to Clifford equivalence,the T-gate is essentially the only gate having such an optimal property.This reveals some intrinsic optimal features of the T-gate.We further compare the T-gate with general unitary gates for generating magic resource.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12175072,11722546,12147106)。
文摘In order to investigate the elastic scattering,we fit scattering observables of the weighted fits(WF16)with the relativistic Love-Franey(RLF)model.The masses,cutoff parameters,and initial coupling strengths of RLF are assumed to be independent of energy.Because the energy boundary between low energy and high energy is around 200 Me V,the masses,cutoff parameters,and initial coupling strengths of RLF are obtained by fitting scattering observables of WF16 at an incident energy of 200 MeV.With the masses,cutoff parameters,and initial coupling strengths as the input,the energy-dependent RLF model is constructed over the laboratory energy range of 20 to 800MeV within a unified fit.To examine the validity of this fit,we investigate p+^(208)Pbelastic scattering for various energies.Although the scattering observables of pp and pn of 200 MeV best fit the values of WF16,the RLF model of 200 MeV without the Pauli blocking(PB)corrections fails to describe the experimental differential cross sections,analyzing powers,and spinrotation functions.When the PB corrections are taken into account for various energies,the RLF model can well describe the experimental data of p+^(208)Pbelastic scattering.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10571129)
文摘For a 2^n-dimensional complex Hermitian vector space S, we prove that any unitary basis of S can be explained as an augmented spinor structure on S. By using this explanation, a SpinC（2n）- action on S is equivalent to an action on a subset of augmented spinor structures. The latter action is a little easy to be understood, and is shown in the last part of this paper. Such kind of understanding could be of use to the discussions of Hermitian manifolds and spin manifolds, especially could help to find connections and elliptical operators.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2015187)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11204338,11704385,and11874359)the “Strategic Priority Research Program(B)” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB04040300)
文摘Recently, 12442 system of Fe-based superconductors has attracted considerable attention owing to its unique double-Fe As-layer structure. A steep increase in the in-plane upper critical field with cooling has been observed near the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, in KCa2Fe4As4F2 single crystals. Herein, we report a high-field investigation on upper critical field of this material over a wide temperature range, and both out-of-plane(H∥c, Hc2c) and in-plane(H∥ab, Hc2ab ) directions have been measured.A sublinear temperature-dependent behavior is observed for the out-of-plane Hc2c , whereas strong convex curvature with cooling is observed for the in-plane Hc2ab . Such behaviors could not be described by the conventional Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg(WHH) model. The data analysis based on the WHH model by considering the spin aspects reveals a large Maki parameter α=9,indicating that the in-plane upper critical field is affected by a very strong Pauli paramagnetic effect.
文摘The approach proposed in the study is based on the revision of the concept of time as a point on the real axis. It uses the concept of fuzzy time as the set of real numbers with a finite, but not equal to one, function of membership to the time set, i.e. the fuzzy time concept. It is postulated that in fuzzy time t the system dynamics follows from the standard variational principle of the least action and is ordinary Hamilton-Jacobi mechanics. This validates the passage to the limit from fuzzy mechanics to ordinary variational conservative mechanics. The Liouville equation is solved by the method of successive approximations in the time domain of a much larger characteristic scale of fuzziness, using interaction as a small parameter. A standard diagram technique is used. It can be shown that the defuzzification of the Liouville equation inevitably reduces the reversible part in the description to the irreversible evolutionary equation. The latter leads to the second law of thermodynamics. Generalization to the quantum case is possible, i.e. the so-called fuzzy Pauli equation can be drawn.
文摘By assuming the cosmological principle includes the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) and that the initial singularity existed within Planck time and length scales, a model for inflationary expansion is argued using only standard model physics without any changes to general relativity. All Fermionic matter is forced by the PEP to make a quantum transition to minimally orthogonal states in sequential Planck time intervals. This results in an initial inflation effect due to nearest neighbor quantum transitions which is then exacerbated by matter and antimatter creation effects due to collisions giving rise to the observational effects of universal inflation. The model provides a mechanistic explanation for primordial expansion using only physics from the standard model, specifically utilizing the PEP as a repulsion force between indistinguishable fermions. The present theory offers the benefit of not requiring any particles or fields outside of the standard model nor utilizing changes to general relativity. More succinctly, this theory goes beyond simply offering a mathematical representation (or fit) of the functional dependence but rather offers a mechanistic model to drive inflation using only standard model physics.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11675051
文摘At low temperature and under weak magnetic field, non-interacting Fermi gases reveal both Pauli paramagnetism and Landau diamagnetism, and the magnitude of the diamagnetic susceptibility is 1/3 of that of the paramagnetic one. When the temperature is finite and the magnetic field is also finite, we demonstrate that the paramagnetism and diamagnetism start to deviate from the ratio 1/3. For understanding the magnetic properties of an ideal Fermi gas at quite low temperature and under quite weak magnetic field, we work out explicitly the third-order magnetic susceptibility in three cases, from intrinsic spin, orbital motion and in total. An interesting property is in third-order magnetic susceptibilities: when viewing individually, they are both diamagnetic, but in total it is paramagnetic.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Fbundation of China (No. 10131020).
文摘In this paper, based on the Pauli matrices, a notion of augmented spinor space is introduced, and a uniqueness of such augmented spinor space of rank n is proved. It may be expected that this new notion of spaces can be used in mathematical physics and geometry.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29873034) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Professor Han Xi YANG and
文摘The ESR signal of lithium intercalated MCMB can be well simulated by combination of a Lorentz curve and a Gauss curve. The ESR intensity of the Lorentz component is essentially independent of temperature while the Gauss component shows a linear change with the reciprocal of temperature, indicative of Pauli spin and Curie spin, respectively. The former is probably associated with the ordered (graphitized) structures while the latter with the disordered structures in the sample.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11375152)
文摘An N-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger(GHZ) state has many applications in various quantum information tasks and can be realized in different experimental schemes. A GHZ diagonal state evolves to another GHZ diagonal state in independent parallel Pauli channels. We give the explicit expression of the resultant GHZ diagonal state in terms of the initial state and channel parameters. If the initial state is a pure N qubit GHZ state or a three-qubit GHZ diagonal state admits a condition, the full separability criterion of the Pauli noisy state is equivalent to positive partial transpose(PPT)criterion. Thus the fully separable condition follows.
基金financial support from UGC-JRF fellowship scheme,University Grand Commission(UGC),Govt.of India,a UGC cash program for Department of Physics,for extending a research fellowship to Mir Nadim Sarfaraj
文摘Quantum logic gates are the basic building blocks of quantum computing system.Single qubit Pauli-X,Y and Z quantum gates are very much well known in quantum computing community.In this paper,we develop tri-state Pauli-X,Y and Z quantum gates using phase encoding technique of light.This phase encoding mechanism makes the implementation of those gates easier even with tri-state approach.As light is used for signal representation,one can exploit the parallelism in operation.
文摘An assumption that <em>all</em> the six flavour quarks are attributed to be the components of <em>a same, a</em> <em>common</em> isospin multiplets space named <strong>STS</strong> is proposed. Base on <strong>Pauli Exclusion Principle</strong>, every quark is assigned to different flavour marks in STS. Every flavour quark possesses <em>its own colour spectral line array</em> specially appointed. The collection of colour spectral line arrays of the six flavour quarks constructs together the <strong>CSDF</strong>, Colour Spectrum Diagram of Flavour, further baryons and mesons could be constructed from <strong>CSDF</strong>. STS, Spin Topological Space is a math frame with infinite dimensional matrix representation for spin angular momentum. Flavours is an isospin angular momentum coupling phenomena of the three-colour-quarks.
文摘In this report, different models of bonding and structure such as Lewis, VSEPR, Ligand close packing (LCP), VB, qualitative MO and QTAIM have been applied to analyze the Bonds and structures of two equilibrium geometries (planar D2h and perpendicular D2d) of C2H42+. The geometries were optimized at near RHF and MP2 limit using ccpVTZ basis set. While the above bonding models are successfully applied for predicting the low energy isomers of molecules, prior to solving the Schr?dinger equation, it is shown that the cited models fail in predicting the existence of perpendicular, D2d form of C2H42+. In this regard the interpretations of significant energetic stabilization of D2d form over planar isomer has also been revisited. This is attributed to the hidden effect of the Pauli Exclusion principle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6147127661671355)the Areospace T.T.&.C.Innovation Program
文摘For the polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry (PoIInSAR) processing, it is necessary to coregister all the images, including the coregistration of polarimetric SAR images and the coregistration of interferometric SAR images. Otherwise, the performance of the estimated optimal interferograms will be deteriorated. A generalized scattering vector (GSV) model is proposed to execute the PoIInSAR optimal interferograms estimation. The generalized scattering vector is constructed by the Pauli scattering vectors of the processing pixel and the surrounding pixels. Even though there are coregistration errors, all the polarimetric information of the current processing pixel is entirely included in the generalized scattering vector. Therefore, the GSV-based method can automatically recover the optimal scattering mechanisms of the processing pixel with coregistration errors either in interferoemetric channels or polarimetric channels. Theoretical analysis and processing results of simulated PoISARPro data and real PALSAR data validate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.
基金Supported by the Key Project of the Ministry of Education of China under Grant No 306020, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National High-Tech ICF Committee in China and the Yin-He Super-computer Center, Institute of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Beijing, China, and the National Basic Research Programme of China under Grant No 2006CB921408.
文摘Using the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock self-consistent field method and the relativistic configuration interaction method with quantum-electrodynamics corrections performed by the GRASP code, we calculate the fine-structure energy levels of the ground-state configuration （1s^22s^22p^3） of the nitrogen isoelectronic sequence, according to the L-S coupling scheme with atomic number Z up to 22. Based on the calculated results, we elucidate the mechanism of the orderings of fine-structure energy levels of 2^ D3/2,5/2 and 2^P1/2,3/2 respectively, i.e. for 2^D3/2,5/2 orderings, the competition between the spin-orbit interactions and the Breit interactions; for 2^P1/2,3/2 orderings, the electron correlations, especially the electron correlations owing to the 2p^5 configuration interactions.
文摘We propose to deploy limits that arise from different tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle： i） to provide theories of quantum gravity with experimental guidance; ii） to distinguish, among the plethora of possible models, the ones that are already ruled out by current data; iii） to direct future attempts to be in accordance with experimental constraints. We first review experimental bounds on nuclear processes forbidden by the Pauli Exclusion Principle,which have been derived by several experimental collaborations making use of various detector materials. Distinct features of the experimental devices entail sensitivities on the constraints hitherto achieved that may differ from one another by several orders of magnitude. We show that with choices of these limits, well-known examples of flat noncommutative space-time instantiations of quantum gravity can be heavily constrained, and eventually ruled out.We devote particular attention to the analysis of the κ-Minkowski and θ-Minkowski noncommutative spacetimes.These are deeply connected to some scenarios in string theory, loop quantum gravity, and noncommutative geometry.We emphasize that the severe constraints on these quantum spacetimes, although they cannot rule out theories of top-down quantum gravity to which they are connected in various ways, provide a powerful limitation for those models. Focus on this will be necessary in the future.
