To the Editor:The enhanced activation of immune cells is a decisive factor for the pathological progress of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which can release generous inflammatory cytokines and bioactive molecules sug...To the Editor:The enhanced activation of immune cells is a decisive factor for the pathological progress of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which can release generous inflammatory cytokines and bioactive molecules suggesting their roles as potential therapeutic targets for IBD.Purinergic receptors are a family of membranous proteins found extensively in many mammalian tissues and organs.As a subtype of purinergic receptors,the expressions of P2X7 receptor(P2X7R)can be detected abundantly in epithelial cells and most immune cells.During inflammation,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)is released extracellularly by various stimuli.In general,through the activation of P2X7R.展开更多
目的观察艾灸对结肠炎相关性结肠癌(CAC)大鼠的干预作用,从嘌呤受体P2X7R与Wnt/b-catenin信号通路探讨可能的效应机制。方法将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、CAC组、隔药灸组、隔姜灸组。CAC组、隔药灸组、隔姜灸组均采用腹腔注射AOM联合DSS法...目的观察艾灸对结肠炎相关性结肠癌(CAC)大鼠的干预作用,从嘌呤受体P2X7R与Wnt/b-catenin信号通路探讨可能的效应机制。方法将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、CAC组、隔药灸组、隔姜灸组。CAC组、隔药灸组、隔姜灸组均采用腹腔注射AOM联合DSS法制备CAC大鼠模型,隔药灸与隔姜灸组均取天枢(双)、气海穴进行治疗。记录各组大鼠体质量、疾病活动指数(DAI)和成瘤率;通过HE染色观察艾灸对CAC大鼠结肠损伤的干预效应;通过RT-q PCR和Western Blot技术,检测艾灸对CAC大鼠结肠组织C-myc、Wnt1、b-catenin、GSK-3bm RNA和P2X7R蛋白表达的调节作用。结果与正常组相比,CAC组大鼠体质量显著降低、DAI增高、成瘤率明显增加(P<0.05),结肠组织可见腺管共壁背靠背和筛样结构,高级别腺癌形成。CAC组大鼠结肠组织P2X7R蛋白表达显著下调(P<0.05),C-myc、b-catenin、GSK-3b、Wnt1 m RNA的表达均显著上调(P<0.05)。与CAC组相比,隔药灸组和隔姜灸组大鼠体质量增加,DAI降低(P<0.05),结肠组织P2X7R蛋白表达显著上调,C-myc m RNA下调(P<0.05);隔姜灸组成瘤率明显降低(P<0.05),且Wnt1、b-catenin、GSK-3bm RNA表达显著下调(P<0.05)。结论隔药灸、隔姜灸均能调节CAC大鼠结肠组织P2X7R及C-myc的异常表达,且隔姜灸还能下调CAC大鼠结肠组织Wnt1、b-catenin、GSK-3bm RNA的表达。展开更多
Neurogenesis is a persistent and essential feature of the adult mammalian hippocampus.Granular neurons generated from resident pools of stem or progenitor cells provide a mechanism for the formation and consolidation ...Neurogenesis is a persistent and essential feature of the adult mammalian hippocampus.Granular neurons generated from resident pools of stem or progenitor cells provide a mechanism for the formation and consolidation of new memories.Regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis is complex and multifaceted,and numerous signaling pathways converge to modulate cell proliferation,apoptosis,and clearance of cellular debris,as well as synaptic integration of newborn immature neurons.The expression of functional P2X7 receptors in the central nervous system has attracted much interest and the regulatory role of this purinergic receptor during adult neurogenesis has only recently begun to be explored.P2X7 receptors are exceptionally versatile:in their canonical role they act as adenosine triphosphate-gated calcium channels and facilitate calcium-signaling cascades exerting control over the cell via calcium-encoded sensory proteins and transcription factor activation.P2X7 also mediates transmembrane pore formation to regulate cytokine release and facilitate extracellular communication,and when persistently stimulated by high extracellular adenosine triphosphate levels large P2X7 pores form,which induce apoptotic cell death through cytosolic ion dysregulation.Lastly,as a scavenger receptor P2X7 directly facilitates phagocytosis of the cellular debris that arises during neurogenesis,as well as during some disease states.Understanding how P2X7 receptors regulate the physiology of stem and progenitor cells in the adult hippocampus is an important step towards developing useful therapeutic models for regenerative medicine.This review considers the relevant aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and explores how P2X7 receptor activity may influence the molecular physiology of the hippocampus,and neural stem and progenitor cells.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81774434)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province (No. 2021YJ0177)the Xinglin Scholars Foundation of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. QJJJ2021005)。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82230019,81770584,and 82000502)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M693572)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2020SK2068 and 2020JJ5941)Free exploration and innovation project of Central South University(No.506021711)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(No.2020zzts268)
文摘To the Editor:The enhanced activation of immune cells is a decisive factor for the pathological progress of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which can release generous inflammatory cytokines and bioactive molecules suggesting their roles as potential therapeutic targets for IBD.Purinergic receptors are a family of membranous proteins found extensively in many mammalian tissues and organs.As a subtype of purinergic receptors,the expressions of P2X7 receptor(P2X7R)can be detected abundantly in epithelial cells and most immune cells.During inflammation,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)is released extracellularly by various stimuli.In general,through the activation of P2X7R.
文摘目的观察艾灸对结肠炎相关性结肠癌(CAC)大鼠的干预作用,从嘌呤受体P2X7R与Wnt/b-catenin信号通路探讨可能的效应机制。方法将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、CAC组、隔药灸组、隔姜灸组。CAC组、隔药灸组、隔姜灸组均采用腹腔注射AOM联合DSS法制备CAC大鼠模型,隔药灸与隔姜灸组均取天枢(双)、气海穴进行治疗。记录各组大鼠体质量、疾病活动指数(DAI)和成瘤率;通过HE染色观察艾灸对CAC大鼠结肠损伤的干预效应;通过RT-q PCR和Western Blot技术,检测艾灸对CAC大鼠结肠组织C-myc、Wnt1、b-catenin、GSK-3bm RNA和P2X7R蛋白表达的调节作用。结果与正常组相比,CAC组大鼠体质量显著降低、DAI增高、成瘤率明显增加(P<0.05),结肠组织可见腺管共壁背靠背和筛样结构,高级别腺癌形成。CAC组大鼠结肠组织P2X7R蛋白表达显著下调(P<0.05),C-myc、b-catenin、GSK-3b、Wnt1 m RNA的表达均显著上调(P<0.05)。与CAC组相比,隔药灸组和隔姜灸组大鼠体质量增加,DAI降低(P<0.05),结肠组织P2X7R蛋白表达显著上调,C-myc m RNA下调(P<0.05);隔姜灸组成瘤率明显降低(P<0.05),且Wnt1、b-catenin、GSK-3bm RNA表达显著下调(P<0.05)。结论隔药灸、隔姜灸均能调节CAC大鼠结肠组织P2X7R及C-myc的异常表达,且隔姜灸还能下调CAC大鼠结肠组织Wnt1、b-catenin、GSK-3bm RNA的表达。
文摘Neurogenesis is a persistent and essential feature of the adult mammalian hippocampus.Granular neurons generated from resident pools of stem or progenitor cells provide a mechanism for the formation and consolidation of new memories.Regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis is complex and multifaceted,and numerous signaling pathways converge to modulate cell proliferation,apoptosis,and clearance of cellular debris,as well as synaptic integration of newborn immature neurons.The expression of functional P2X7 receptors in the central nervous system has attracted much interest and the regulatory role of this purinergic receptor during adult neurogenesis has only recently begun to be explored.P2X7 receptors are exceptionally versatile:in their canonical role they act as adenosine triphosphate-gated calcium channels and facilitate calcium-signaling cascades exerting control over the cell via calcium-encoded sensory proteins and transcription factor activation.P2X7 also mediates transmembrane pore formation to regulate cytokine release and facilitate extracellular communication,and when persistently stimulated by high extracellular adenosine triphosphate levels large P2X7 pores form,which induce apoptotic cell death through cytosolic ion dysregulation.Lastly,as a scavenger receptor P2X7 directly facilitates phagocytosis of the cellular debris that arises during neurogenesis,as well as during some disease states.Understanding how P2X7 receptors regulate the physiology of stem and progenitor cells in the adult hippocampus is an important step towards developing useful therapeutic models for regenerative medicine.This review considers the relevant aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and explores how P2X7 receptor activity may influence the molecular physiology of the hippocampus,and neural stem and progenitor cells.
